Victron energy BMV-700 User manual

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Battery Monitor
BMV-700
BMV-700H
BMV-702

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1 QUICK START GUIDE
1.1 Battery capacity
1.2 Auxiliary input (BMV-702 only)
1.3 Important combined button functions
2 NORMAL OPERATING MODE
2.1 Read-out overview
2.2 Synchronizing the BMV
2.3 Common problems
3 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITY
3.1 Features of the three BMV models
3.2 Why should I monitor my battery?
3.3 How does the BMV work?
3.3.1 About battery capacity and the rate of discharge
3.3.2 About charge efficiency (CEF)
3.4 Several battery state-of-charge display options
3.5 History data
3.6 Use of alternative shunts
3.7 Automatic detection of nominal system voltage
3.8 Alarm, buzzer and relay
3.9 Interface options
3.9.1 PC Software
3.9.2 Large display and remote monitoring
3.9.3 Custom integration (programming required)
3.10 Additional functionality of the BMV-702
3.10.1 Auxiliary battery monitoring
3.10.2 Midpoint voltage monitoring
3.10.3 Battery temperature monitoring
4 FULL SETUP DETAILS
4.1 Using the menus
4.2 Function overview
4.2.1 Battery settings
4.2.2 Relay settings
4.2.3 Alarm-Buzzer settings
4.2.4 Display settings
4.2.5 Miscellaneous
4.3 History data
5 MORE ABOUT PEUKERT’S FORMULA AND MIDPOINT MONITORING
6 LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE BATTERIES (LiFePO4)
7 DISPLAY
8 TECHNICAL DATA

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Safety Precautions
•Working in the vicinity of a lead acid battery is
dangerous. Batteries can generate explosive gases
during operation. Never smoke or allow a spark or flame
in the vicinity of a battery. Provide sufficient ventilation
around the battery.
•Wear eye and clothing protection. Avoid touching eyes
while working near batteries. Wash your hands when
done.
•If battery acid contacts skin or clothing, wash them
immediately with soap and water. If acid enters an eye,
immediately flood the eye with running cold water for at
least 15 minutes and get medical attention immediately.
•Be careful when using metal tools in the vicinity of
batteries. Dropping a metal tool onto a battery might
cause a short circuit and possibly an explosion.
•Remove personal metal items such as rings, bracelets,
necklaces, and watches when working with a battery. A
battery can produce a short circuit current high enough
to melt objects such as rings, causing severe burns.

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1 QUICK START GUIDE
This quick start guide assumes that the BMV-702 is being installed for
the first time, or that factory settings have been restored.
The factory settings are suitable for the average lead acid battery:
flooded, GEL or AGM.
The BMV will automatically detect the nominal voltage of the battery
system immediately after completion of the setup wizard (for details and
limitations of automatic nominal voltage detection, see section 3.8).
Therefore the only settings which need to be made are the battery
capacity (BMV-700 and BMV-700H), and the functionality of the auxiliary
input (BMV-702).
Please install the BMV in accordance with the quick installation guide.
After inserting the fuse in the positive supply cable to the main battery,
the BMV will automatically start the setup wizard.
The setup wizard below must be completed before other settings can be
made.
Remarks:
a) In case of Li-ion batteries, several settings may have to be changed.
Please refer to section 6. The setup wizard below must be completed
before other settings can be made.
b) When using a shunt other than the one supplied with the BMV,
please refer to section 3.6. The setup wizard below must be completed
before other settings can be made.
Setup wizard:
1.1 Battery capacity
a) After inserting the fuse the display will show the scrolling text

 
If this text is not shown, press SETUP and SELECT simultaneously during
3 seconds to restore factory settings or go to section 4 for full setup details
(setting 64, Lock setup, must be OFF to restore factory settings, see
section 4.2.5).

4
b) Press any button to stop scrolling and the factory default value

Ah
will appear in edit mode: the first digit will blink.
Enter the desired value with the + and – buttons.
c) Press SELECT to set the next digit in the same manner.
Repeat this procedure until the required battery capacity is displayed.
The capacity is automatically stored in non-volatile memory when the last
digit has been set by pressing SELECT. This is indicated with a short beep.
If a correction has to be made, press SELECT again and repeat the
procedure.
d) BMV-700 and 700H: press SETUP or + or – to end the setup wizard and
switch to normal operating mode.
BMV-702: press SETUP or + or – to proceed to auxiliary input setting.
1.2 Auxiliary input (BMV-702 only)
a) The display will show
 
scrolling.
b) Press SELECT to stop scrolling and the LCD will show:

Use the + or – key to select the required function of the auxiliary input:

for monitoring the starter battery voltage.

for monitoring the mid-point voltage of a battery bank.

for using the optional temperature sensor
Press SELECT to confirm. Confirmation is indicated with a short beep.
c) Press SETUP or + or – to end the setup wizard and switch to normal
operating mode.
The BMV is now ready for use.
When powered up for the first time, the BMV will display 100% state of
charge.
When in normal mode the backlight of the BMV switches off after no key
has been pressed for 60 seconds. Press any key to restore backlight.

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The cable with integrated temperature sensor has to be purchased
separately (part no: ASS000100000). This temperature sensor is not
interchangeable with other Victron temperature sensors, as used with
Multis/Quattros or battery chargers.
1.3 Important combined button functions
(see also section 4.1: using the menus)
a) Restore factory settings
Press and hold SETUP and SELECT simultaneously for 3 seconds
b) Manual synchronization.
Press and hold the up and down buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds
c) Silence audible alarm
An alarm is acknowledged when any button is pressed. However, the
alarm icon is displayed as long as the alarm condition remains.
1.4 Real-time data displayed on a smartphone
With the VE.Direct Bluetooth Smart dongle real time data and alarms can
be displayed on Apple and Android smartphones, tablets and other
devices

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2 NORMAL OPERATING MODE
2.1 Read-out overview
In normal operating mode the BMV displays an overview of important
parameters.
The + and – selection buttons give access to various read-outs:
Battery voltage
Auxiliary battery voltage
BMV-702 only, when the auxiliary input is set
to START.
Current
The actual current flowing out of the battery
(negative sign) or into the battery (positive
sign).
Power
The power drawn from the battery (negative
sign) or flowing into the battery (positive
sign).

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Consumed Amp-hours
The amount of Ah consumed from the
battery
Example:
If a current of 12A is drawn from a fully charged battery for a period of 3
hours, this readout will show -36.0Ah.
(-12 x 3 = -36)
State-of-charge
A fully charged battery will be indicated by a
value of 100.0%. A fully discharged battery
will be indicated by a value of 0.0%.
Time-to-go
An estimation of how long the battery can
support the present load until it needs
recharging.
The time-to-go displayed is the time to reach the discharge floor.
See 4.2.2, setting number 16.
Battery temperature
BMV-702 only, when the auxiliary input is
set to TEMP
The value can be displayed in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit.
See section 4.2.5.
Battery bank top section voltage
BMV-702 only, when the auxiliary input set to
MID.
Compare with the bottom section voltage to check battery balancing.
For more about battery midpoint monitoring, see section 5.2.

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Battery bank bottom section voltage
BMV-702 only, when the auxiliary input is set
to MID.
Compare with the top section voltage to check battery balancing.
Battery bank mid-point deviation
BMV-702 only,when the auxiliary input is set
to MID.
Deviation in percent of the measured mid-point voltage.
Battery bank mid-point deviation voltage
BMV-702 only, when the auxiliary input is set
to MID.
Deviation in Volts of the mid-point voltage.
2.2 Synchronizing the BMV
For a reliable readout, the state of charge as displayed by the battery
monitor has to be synchronized regularly with the true state of charge of
the battery. This is accomplished by fully charging the battery.
In case of a 12V battery, the BMV resets to ‘fully charged’ when the
following ‘charged parameters’ are met: the voltage exceeds 13.2V and
simultaneously the (tail-) charge current is less than 4.0% of the total
battery capacity (e.g. 8A for a 200Ah battery) during 4 minutes.
The BMV can also be synchronized (i.e. set to ‘battery fully charged’)
manually if required. This can be achieved in normal operating mode by
holding the + and – buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds, or in setup
mode by using the SYNC option (see section 4.2.1, setting number 10).
If the BMV does not synchronize automatically, the charged voltage, tail
current, and/or charged time may need adjustment.
When the voltage supply to the BMV has been interrupted, the battery
monitor must be resynchronized before it can operate correctly.

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2.3 Common problems
No signs of life on the display
Probably the BMV is not properly wired. The UTP cable should be
properly inserted at both ends, the shunt must be connected to the minus
pole of the battery, and the positive supply cable should be connected to
the plus pole of the battery with the fuse inserted.
The temperature sensor (when used) must be connected to the positive
pole of the battery bank (one of the two wires of the sensor doubles as
the power supply wire).
Charge and discharge current are inverted
Charge current should be shown as a positive value.
For example: +1.45 A.
Discharge current should be shown as a negative value.
For example: -1.45 A.
If charge and discharge current are inverted, the power cables on the
shunt must swapped: see the quick installation guide.
The BMV does not synchronize automatically
One possibility is that the battery never reaches the fully charged state.
The other possibility is that the charged voltage setting should be lowered
and/or the tail current setting should be increased.
See section 4.2.1.
The BMV synchronizes too early
In solar systems or other applications with fluctuating charge currents,
the ‘charged’ voltage should be set only slightly below the absorption
charge voltage (for example: 14,1V in case of 14,4V absorption voltage).
This will prevent the BMV from switching prematurely to 100% state of
charge. See section 4.2.1.
Sync and battery icon are blinking
This means the battery is not synchronized. Charge the batteries and the
BMV should sync automatically. If that doesn't work, review the sync
settings. Or, if you know the battery is fully charged but don't want to wait
until the BMV synchronizes: press and hold the up and down button
simultaneously, until you hear a beep.
See section 4.2.1.

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3 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITY
3.1 Features of the three BMV models
The BMV is available in 3 models, each of which addresses a different set
of requirements:
BMV-
700
BMV-
700H
BMV-
702
1
Comprehensive monitoring of a
single battery
•
•
•
2
Basic monitoring of an auxiliary
battery
•
3 Battery temperature monitoring
•
4
Monitoring of the mid-point voltage
of a battery bank
•
5 Use of alternate shunts
•
•
•
6
Automatic detection of nominal
system voltage
•
•
•
7 Suitable for high voltage systems
•
8 Several interface options
•
•
•
Remark 1:
Features 2, 3 and 4 are mutually exclusive.
Remark 2:
The cable with integrated temperature sensor has to be purchased
separately (part no: ASS000100000).This temperature sensor is not
interchangeable with other Victron temperature sensors, as used with
Multis or battery chargers.
3.2 Why should I monitor my battery?
Batteries are used in a wide variety of applications, mostly to store energy
for later use. But how much energy is stored in the battery? No one can
tell by just looking at it.

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The service life of batteries depends on many factors. Battery life may be
shortened by under-charging, over-charging, excessively deep
discharges, excessive charge or discharge current, and high ambient
temperature. By monitoring the battery with an advanced battery monitor,
important feedback is given to the user so that remedial measures can be
taken when necessary. Doing this, which extends battery life, the BMV
will quickly pay for itself.
3.3 How does the BMV work?
The main function of the BMV is to follow and indicate the state-of-charge
of a battery, in particular to prevent unexpected total discharge.
The BMV continuously measures the current flow in and out of the
battery. Integration of this current over time (which, if the current is a
fixed amount of Amps, boils down to multiplying current and time) gives
the net amount of Ah added or removed.
For example: a discharge current of 10A during 2 hours will take 10 x 2 =
20Ah from the battery.
To complicate matters, the effective capacity of a battery depends on the
rate of discharge and, to a lesser extent, on temperature.
And to make things even more complicated: when charging a battery
more Ah has to be ‘pumped’ into the battery than can be retrieved during
the next discharge. In other words: the charge efficiency is less than
100%.
3.3.1 About battery capacity and the rate of discharge
The capacity of a battery is rated in ampere-hours (Ah). For example, a
lead acid battery that can deliver a current of 5A during 20 hours is rated
at C20 = 100Ah (5 x 20 = 100).
When the same 100Ah battery is discharged completely in two hours, it
may only give C2= 56Ah (because of the higher rate of discharge).
The BMV takes this phenomenon into account with Peukert’s formula: see
section 5.1.

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3.3.2 About charge efficiency (CEF)
The charge efficiency of a lead acid battery is almost 100% as long as no
gas generation takes place. Gassing means that part of the charge
current is not transformed into chemical energy, which is stored in the
plates of the battery, but is used to decompose water into oxygen and
hydrogen gas (highly explosive!). The ‘Amp-hours’ stored in the plates
can be retrieved during the next discharge, whereas the ‘Amp-hours’
used to decompose water are lost.
Gassing can easily be observed in flooded batteries. Please note that the
‘oxygen only’ end of charge phase of sealed (VRLA) gel and AGM
batteries also results in a reduced charge efficiency.
A charge efficiency of 95% means that 10Ah must be transferred to the
battery to get 9,5Ah actually stored in the battery. The charge efficiency of
a battery depends on battery type, age and usage.
The BMV takes this phenomenon into account with the charge efficiency
factor: see section 4.2.2, setting number 06.
3.4 Several battery state-of-charge display options
The BMV can display both the Amp-hours removed (‘consumed Amp-
hours’ readout, compensated for charge efficiency only) and the actual
state-of-charge in percent (‘state-of-charge’ readout, compensated for
charge efficiency and Peukert efficiency). Reading the state-of-charge is
the best way to monitor the battery.
The BMV also estimates how long the battery can support the present
load: the ‘time-to-go’ readout. This is the actual the time left until the
battery is discharged to the discharge floor. The factory setting is 50% (see
4.2.2, setting number 16).
If the load is fluctuating heavily it is best not to rely on this reading too
much since it is a momentary readout and must be used as a guideline
only. We always encourage the use of the state-of-charge readout for
accurate battery monitoring.
3.5 History data
The BMV stores events which can be used at a later date to evaluate
usage patterns and battery health.
Select the history data menu by pressing ENTER when in normal mode
(see section 4.3).

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3.6 Use of alternative shunts
The BMV is supplied with a 500A / 50mV shunt. For most applications,
this should be suitable; however the BMV can be configured to work with
a wide range of different shunts. Shunts of up to 9999A, and/or 75mV
can be used.
When using a shunt other than the one supplied with the BMV, please
proceed as follows:
1. Unscrew the PCB from the supplied shunt.
2. Mount the PCB on the new shunt, ensuring that there is good
electrical contact between the PCB and the shunt.
3. Connect the shunt and BMV as shown in the quick installation
guide.
4. Follow the Setup wizard (section 1.1 and 1.2).
5. After completion of the Setup wizard, set the proper shunt
current and shunt voltage according to section 4.2.5, setting
number 65 and 66.
6. If the BMV reads a non-zero current even when there is no load
and the battery is not being charged: calibrate the zero current
reading (see section 4.2.1, setting number 09).
3.7 Automatic detection of nominal system voltage
The BMV will automatically adjust itself to the nominal voltage of the
battery bank, immediately after completion of the setup wizard.
The following table shows how the nominal voltage is determined, and
how the charged voltage parameter (see section 2.2) is adjusted as a
result.
Measured
voltage (V)
Assumed nominal
voltage (V)
Charged Voltage
(V)
BMV-700 & 702
< 18
12
13,2
18 – 36
24
26,4
> 36
48
52,2
BMV-700H
Default nominal voltage: 144V
Default: 158,4V
In case of another nominal battery bank voltage (32V for example), the
Charged Voltage must be set manually: see section 4.2.1, setting 02.

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Recommended settings:
Nominal battery voltage Recommended Charged Voltage setting
12V 13,2V
24V 26,4V
36V 39,6V
48V 52,8V
60V 66V
120V 132V
144V 158,4V
288V 316,8V
3.8 Alarm, buzzer and relay
On most of the BMV’s readings an alarm can be triggered when the value
reaches a set threshold. When the alarm becomes active the buzzer
starts to beep, the backlight flashes and the alarm icon is visible in the
display along with the current value.
The corresponding segment will also flash. AUX when a starter alarm
occurs. MAIN,MID or TEMP for the corresponding alarm.
(When in the setup menu and an alarm occurs, the value causing the
alarm will not be visible.)
An alarm is acknowledged when a button is pressed. However, the alarm
icon is displayed as long as the alarm condition remains.
It is also possible to trigger the relay when an alarm condition occurs.
The relay contact is open when the coil is de-energized (NO contact), and
will close when the relay is energized.
Factory default setting: the relay is controlled by the state-of-charge of the
battery bank. The relay will be energized when the state-of-charge
decreases to less than 50% (the ‘discharge floor’), and will be de-
energized when the battery has been recharged to 90% state-of-charge.
See section 4.2.2.
The relay function can be inverted: de-energized becomes energized and
vice versa. See section 4.2.2.
When the relay is energized, the current drawn by the BMV will increase
slightly: see technical data.

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3.9 Interface options
3.9.1 PC Software BMV-Reader
BMV-Reader will show all current readings on a computer, including
history data. It can also log the data to a CSV formatted file. It is available
for free, and can be downloaded from our website at the Support &
Downloads section. Connect the BMV to the computer with the VE.Direct
to USB interface, ASS030530000.
3.9.2 Large display and remote monitoring
The Color Control GX, a display featuring a 4.3” colour display, provides
intuitive control and monitoring for all products connected to it. The list of
Victron products that can be connected are endless: Inverters, Multis,
Quattros, MPPT solar chargers, BMV-600, BMV-700, Skylla-i, Lynx Ion
and more. The BMV can be connected to the Color Control GX with a
VE.Direct cable. It is also possible to connect it with the VE.Direct to USB
interface. Besides monitoring and controlling locally with the Color
Control GX, the information is also forwarded to our free remote
monitoring website: the VRM Online Portal. For more information, see the
Color Control GX documentation on our website.
3.9.3 Custom integration (programming required)
The VE.Direct communications port can be used to read data and
change settings. The VE.Direct protocol is extremely simple to
implement. Transmitting data to the BMV is not necessary for simple
applications: the BMV automatically sends all readings every second. All
the details are explained in this document:
http://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/VE.Direct_Protocol.
pdf
3.10 Additional functionality of the BMV-702
In addition to the comprehensive monitoring of the main battery system,
the BMV-702 provides a second monitoring input. This secondary input
has three configurable options, described below.

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3.10.1 Auxiliary battery monitoring
Wiring diagram: see the quick installation guide. Fig 3
This configuration provides basic monitoring of a second battery,
displaying its voltage. This is useful for systems with a separate starter
battery.
3.10.2 Battery temperature monitoring
Wiring diagram: see the quick installation guide. Fig 4
The cable with integrated temperature sensor has to be purchased
separately (part no: ASS000100000). This temperature sensor is not
interchangeable with other Victron temperature sensors, as provided with
Multis or battery chargers. The temperature sensor must be connected to
the positive pole of the battery bank (one of the two wires of the sensor
doubles as the power supply wire).
The temperature can be displayed in degrees Celsius or degrees
Fahrenheit, see section 4.2.5, setting number 67.
The temperature measurement can also be used to adjust battery
capacity to temperature, see section 4.2.5, setting number 68.
The available battery capacity decreases with temperature.
Typically, the reduction, compared to the capacity at 20°C, is 18% at 0°C
and 40% at -20°C.
3.10.3 Midpoint voltage monitoring
Wiring diagram: see the quick installation guide. Fig 5 - 12
One bad cell or one bad battery can destroy a large, expensive battery
bank.
A short circuit or high internal leakage current in one cell for example will
result in under charge of that cell and over charge of the other cells.
Similarly, one bad battery in a 24V or 48V bank of several series/parallel
connected 12V batteries can destroy the whole bank.
Moreover, when cells or batteries are connected in series, they should all
have the same initial state-of-charge. Small differences will be ironed out
during absorption or equalise charging, but large differences will result in
damage during charging due to excessive gassing of the cells or batteries
with the highest initial state-of-charge.
A timely alarm can be generated by monitoring the midpoint of the battery
bank. For more information, see section 5.1.

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4 FULL SETUP DETAILS
4.1 Using the menus
Four buttons control the BMV. The function of the buttons depends on
which mode the BMV is in.
Button
Function
When in normal mode
When in setup mode
If backlight is off, press any button to restore backlight
SETUP
Press and hold for two seconds
to switch to setup mode.
The display will scroll the number
and description of the selected
parameter.
Press SETUP at any time to return to the
scrolling text, and press again to return to
normal mode.
When pressing SETUP while a parameter
is out of range, the display blinks 5 times
and the nearest valid value is displayed.
SELECT
Press to switch to history menu.
Press to stop scrolling and show
the value. Press again to switch
back to normal mode.
- Press to stop scrolling after entering the
setup mode with the SETUP button.
- After editing the last digit, press to end
editing. The value is stored automatically.
Confirmation is indicated by a short beep.
- If required, press again to restart editing.
SETUP/
SELECT
Press and hold both SETUP and
SELECT buttons simultaneously
for three seconds to restore
factory settings (disabled when
setting 64, lock setup, is on, see
section 4.2.5)
+ Move upwards
When not editing, press to move up to the
previous parameter.
When editing, this button will increment
the value of the selected digit.
– Move downwards
When not editing, press to move down to
the next parameter.
When editing, this button will decrement
the value of the selected digit.
+/–
Press and hold both buttons
simultaneously for three seconds
to manually synchronise the BMV

18
When power is applied for the first time or when factory settings have
been restored, the BMV will start the quick setup wizard: see section 1.
Thereafter, if power is applied, the BMV will start in normal mode: see
section 2.
4.2 Functions overview
The following summary describes all the parameters of the BMV.
- Press SETUP for two seconds to access these functions and use the
+ and – buttons to browse them.
- Press SELECT to access the desired parameter.
- Use SELECT and the + and – buttons to customize. A short beep
confirms the setting.
- Press SETUP at any time to return to the scrolling text, and press
again to return to normal mode.
4.2.1 Battery settings
______________________________________________________________
01. Battery capacity
Battery capacity in amp hours
Default Range Step size
200Ah 1 – 9999Ah 1Ah
______________________________________________________________
02. Charged Voltage
The battery voltage must be above this voltage level to consider the battery as fully
charged.
The charged-voltage-parameter should always be slightly below the end of charge voltage of the
charger (usually 0.2V or 0.3V below the ‘float’ voltage of the charger).
See section 3.7 for recommended settings.
BMV-700 / BMV-702
Default Range Step size
See table, sect 3.7 0 – 95V 0,1V
BMV-700H
Default Range Step size
158,4V 0 – 384V 0,1V
______________________________________________________________
03. Tail current
Once the charge current has dropped to less than the set tail current (expressed as
percentage of the battery capacity), the battery is considered as fully charged.
Remark:
Some battery chargers stop charging when the current drops below a set threshold. The tail current must
be set higher than this threshold.
Default Range Step size
4% 0,5 – 10% 0,1%