Abell A-510T User manual

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A-510T（UHF）Service Manual

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 SCOPE OF APPLICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 SECURITY ISSUES................................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 APPEARANCE SKETCH CHART AND INTRODUCTION OF OPERATION FUNCTION KEYS .... 5
2.1 APPEARANCE SKETCH MAP ............................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 INTRODUCTION OF PROGRAMMABLE AUXILIARY FUNCTION KEYS ........................................................ 6
CHAPTER 3 COMPOSITE MODE ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1MODE ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 HOW TO ENTER EACH MODE............................................................................................................................. 8
3.3 PC MODE ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.1 PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.2 CONNECTION STEPS................................................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 4 DISASSEMBLED PARTS IN MAINTENANCE PROCESS ................................................................. 10
4.1 ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE THE BELT CLIP......................................................................................... 10
4.2 ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE ANTENNA AND KNOB ..............................................................................11
4.3 DISASSEMBLE INTER-MACHINE ..................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 DISASSEMBLE PCB BOARD ............................................................................................................................... 13
4.5 EXPLORATION CHART OF PARTS.................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 5 UNIT CIRCUIT INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 15
5.1 DMR DIGITAL CIRCUIT SIGNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM .................................................................................. 15
5.1 CIRCUIT STRUCTURE ......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.2 RECEIVING PART.................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.3 TRANSMISSION PART.......................................................................................................................................... 16
5.4 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER/BASE BAND PROCESSOR............................................................................. 17
5.5 POWER..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.6 CONTROL SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER 6 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETER CONFIGURATION ........................................... 22
6.1 MAIN FUNCTION................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.1 CHANNEL ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
6.1.2 ANALOG +DIGITAL DUAL MODE SYSTEM (SMOOTH TRANSITION)............................................................................ 22
6.1.3 VOICE ENCRYPTION................................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1.4 VOICE BROADCAST ................................................................................................................................................. 22
6.1.5 ONE-KEY CALL........................................................................................................................................................ 22
6.1.6 CALL CONFIRMATION .............................................................................................................................................. 22

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6.1.7 RICH SUPPLEMENTARY APPLICATION ....................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.8 SCAN FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.1.9 TOT TIME-LIMITED TRANSMITTING FUNCTION ........................................................................................................ 23
6.1.10 POWER-SAVING FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................. 23
6.1.11 SQUELCH LEVEL.................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.1.12 VOX FUNCTION (THIS FUNCTION IS NOT SUPPORTED PRESENTLY)....................................................................... 23
6.1.13 EMERGENCE ALARM FUNCTION........................................................................................................................... 23
6.1.14 LOW-POWER WARNING FUNCTION ....................................................................................................................... 23
6.2 PARAMETER CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................................... 23
6.2.1 SCAN PARAMETER ................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.2.2 TOT PARAMETER .................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2.3 LIST OF RECEIVING GROUP ...................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.4 LIST OF RADIATE CONTACTS..................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.5 RADIATING AND RECEIVING COLOR CODE................................................................................................................ 26
6.2.6 TIMESLOT SELECTION.............................................................................................................................................. 26
6.2.7 CHANNEL TIME SLOT CALIBRATOR .......................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.8 TDMA DIRECT MODE .............................................................................................................................................. 27
6.2.9 ENCRYPTION FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.10 BASIC ENCRYPTION KEY...................................................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER 7 DEBUGGING FOR WHOLE MACHINE ............................................................................................. 29
7.1 THE REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................. 29
7.2 DEBUGGING INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 30
CHAPTER 8 SPECIFICATIONS OF PERFORMANCE................................................................................................. 35
CHAPTER 9 SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................................................................... 36
APPENDIX 1 BILL OF MATERIALS (ELECTRONICS) ............................................................................................ 37
APPENDIX 2 MATERIAL LIST（STRUCTURE PART）.......................................................................................... 45
DIAGRAM 2 A-510T SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM........................................................................................................... 50
DIAGRAM 3 A-510T BLOCK DIAGRAM..................................................................................................................... 52
DIAGRAM 4 A-510T PACKAGING ............................................................................................................................... 53

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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope of application
This manual is written for the technicians who well know communication profession and have maintenance
experience. It includes all information and existing published data required by the equipment maintenance. The
change may happen after its publication, if required, you can use repair bulletin and manual revised edition as
supplement.
Before repair the equipment, please read this manual first.
1.2 Security issues
Safe power radiation of two way radio
Two way radios can produce and emit electromagnetic energy to outside, and electromagnetic transmission safety
design of ABELL two way radio completely conforms with national and international standard. In order to ensure the
best communication effect of two way radio and the electromagnetic transmission safety for human, when you use
two way radios for communication, please keep the two way radio perpendicular to the ground, and your month away
from microphone 2.5-5 cm.
Electromagnetic interference
In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, please turn off two way radio when you are in the places where
there is clear indication to turn off the two way radio (such as hospital, airport)
Explosive environment
You'd better turn off two way radio when in explosive environment.
Please turn off two way radio when in gas station or parking there.
Please turn it off when near electric fuse.
It is strictly prohibited to replace or recharge battery in the place where there is potentially explosive air.
Damaged antenna
When antenna is damaged, you better not to use two way radios. When the damaged antenna touches human skin,
it may cause mild burn.
Parts replacement
When start to replace any parts, please note the type, don't randomly use the components which differ from the
information provided by the company.

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Maintenance service
In order to repair the equipment, we set up a completed service system, and provide the material including
schematic diagram, printed substrate as your reference.
Chapter 2 Appearance sketch chart and introduction of operation function
keys
2.1 Appearance sketch map
1
2
3
4
57
8
9
6
○1PPT switch:
Press this switch, and then call the opposite by microphone. Release the switch to listen.
○
2、○ 3、○5are the function keys K1、K2、K3 relatively:
These keys are programmable function key such as long key (key-press time should reach the time we set for
long key) and short key (normal key), which can be set for different functions. Press it to enable programmable
auxiliary functions.
○4 Microphone
○6 Channel switcher:
Rotate it to select channel 1-16
○7 Power switch/volume control knob:
Clockwise rotate it to turn on the two way radio power, you will hear a sound of "ka", then continuously rotate it to
adjust volume. When you want to turn off two way radio, counter-clockwise rotate the knob until hear a sound of "ka".

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○8Indicator light of luminous diode:
When signal is sent, the initiator light is red; when signal is received, the indicator light is green. When battery
voltage is low the red light will be blinking.
○9Earphone & microphone jack
2.2 Introduction of programmable auxiliary function keys
Dealer can program K1，K2，K3 to perform one of following auxiliary functions.
Non-function
No function definition, key-pressing is invalid with an error beep
Emergency call
User can initiate emergency call by pressing this key, which is a top key with typically related function.( only short
key is supported, the long key-pressing must be related to emergency alarm off)
Cancel the emergency call
User can stop transmission emergency call by pressing this key, which is a top key with typically related
function.(only long key is supported, the short key must be related to enable the emergency alarm)
Steady-state monitoring (Analog mode)
If it is in a state of non-automatic reset, press this key to be in the monitoring state, press it again to quit the
monitoring state.
Transient-state monitoring (Analog mode)
If it is in a state of non-automatic reset, press this key to be in monitoring state, release it to quit the monitoring state
Steady-state Cancelling squelch (Analog mode)
When press the key of programming steady-state cancelling squelch, the noise squelch is turned on; press again the
cancelling squelch key to quit the noise squelch.
Transient-state cancelling squelch (Analog mode)
Press programming transient-state cancelling noise squelch to enable; release it to quit transient-state noise squelch.
Squelch-level adjustment (Analog mode)
When press the key of programming squelch-level adjustment, the squelch-level will be changed from "normal"－〉
"high"－〉"low"
Scan
Press this key to turn on /off scan function
Press programming scan key coming out a sound of "du" into scan, whilst green light is blinking, then press again the
key coming out a sound of "du du" to quit scan.

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One-key call 1~5（DMR）
Shortcut calling key, press it to come into shortcut calling mode, then press PPT to send calling auxiliary service
function

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Chapter 3 Composite mode
3.1Mode
Mode type Function
User mode This mode is used for general operation
PC mode
By this mode, through RS-232C port use
external programming cable to make various
settings
Debugging mode Adjust parameter of machine
3.2 How to enter each mode
Mode type Operation steps
user mode Boot whilst automatically come into user
mode
PC mode Use programming cable to connect with PC
Debugging mode Through programming software, come into
debugging mode.
3.3 PC mode
3.3.1 Preface
Use programming cable to connect two way radio and PC, operate programming software (ABELL A-510T
programming software) on PC to make programming setting for communication equipment. Figure 1 shows the
process of programming setting on PC.
User mode PC mode Debugging mode

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3.3.2 Connection steps
1) Use programming cable to connect A-510T and PC
2) Operate programming software (ABELL A-510T programming software).
3) Set the communication port
4) Conduct various programming operation on two way radio
5) When the radio sends data, red light is blinking. When the radio receives data, green light is blinking.
计算机（）
写频线
欧标对讲机编程
Note:
When data is written into EEPROM, the data stored in PC must conform with model of radio. Turn on power of
radio only on condition that the software must run and cable must be connected.
In the course of transmitting or receiving data, do not press [PTT] key.
Description of writing frequency line (PC programming interface cable: optional component)
Writing frequency line is used for connecting A-510 and PC. There is a level switching circuit in its D-model sub
socket (9 cores), this circuit can convert RS-232C logic level to transistor logic level. PC programming interface cable
can connect A-510 side socket and PC RS-232C serial port.
Description of programming software
ABELL A-510 programming software (installed) can allow user to conduct programming setting on A-510
through programming interface cable.
Use PC for programming
If use PC with ABELL two way radio programming for transmitting data to radio, the setting destination data
(basic communication parameters) can all be modified. as the value is automatically generated in setting frequency
range(frequency type), generally it is not necessary to change destination data. the value can be changed only in
necessary condition. The data in form of RS-232C can be input into EEPROM, in this mode, the function of PTT line
can be served for sending and receiving data.

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Chapter 4 Disassembled parts in maintenance process
4.1 Assemble and disassemble the belt clip
Loosen these two screws to disassemble back splint.

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4.2 Assemble and disassemble antenna and knob
1. Loosen antenna by rotating;
2. Pull out the volume and channel knob;
3. Loosen the three nuts;
4. Loosen the two rear screws.

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4.3 disassemble inter-machine
1. Uplift the aluminum she'll of inter-machine from its bottom;
2. When inter-machine is over the plastic shell of the bottom, pull it to backwards.
1
2

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4.4 Disassemble PCB Board
1. Loosen all screws on PCB board;
2. Use soldering iron to seal off the tin of antenna pedestal;
3. Uplift PCB board from the front-end.
12

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4.5 Exploration Chart of Parts

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Chapter 5 Unit circuit introduction
5.1 DMR digital circuit Signal block diagram
4FSK digital signal channel process of Block diagram of DMR digital circuit:
（1）Via MIC, voice comes into NJM2904V, being amplified; After that DSP digital signal is processed to 4FSK
digital modulating signal, which are sent to VCO and crystal modulator by two ways as MDO1/MOD2, then sent out
by transition circuit.
（2）The 4FSK digital modulation signal received by acceptor circuit is sent to SCT3258TD DSP digital signal
processing; and it was demodulated by AMBE3000 to be 4FSK digital audio signal; then TDA2822 power amplifier
will magnify and drive SP speaker.
5.1 Circuit structure
The two way radio consists of microprocessor control circuit, receiving circuit, transmission circuit, carrier
frequency/baseband processing circuit, audio power amplifier circuit, battery/power circuit.
Radio-frequency carrier signal is directly produced by radio frequency/baseband processing chip; chopped wave
frequency in band and the principle block diagram of whole machine can be set by writing frequency software on
PC. (Refer to figure 1)
BAP65-03
Q6
RFAMP
ANT
U307
TD A2 8 2 2 SP
SCT3258TD
IP data port
MIC
U306
NJM2904
Q4
TX A MP
Q3
PA AMP
DMR Circuit Structure
U302
data/voci e port
AMBE-3000
Encoder/Decoder
AD/DA switchFr a m e En c o di n g
Fr am e De c odi n g
Mo du l a ti o n
Frame Header/Vai ld Date
Demodulation
TD MA
12.8M
MO D2
D1 D3
X2
Voi ce
VCO
0/90 Q
ADC
Q
PGA
PA_ d r vi e r
MO D1
IF-IN
TL V320 AIC 32 04
CODEC DEMOD
VCO

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ANT SW RF
LNA
ANT
AF
AMP SP
TC XO
12.8MHz
MIC
RX
TX
AMP
PA
AMP
TX
SINGLE CHIP RDA1846
TR A N S C EI V ER F O R
WALKIE TALKIE
SCT3258TD
IP data port
AD/DA swi tch
Fr am e En c odi n g
Fr a m e D e c o di n g
Mo du l a ti o n
Fr am e
Demodul ati on
Header/Vaild
Da t e
TLV3 20 AIC 32 04
Audio
Codec
Chart 1 Analo
g
Circuit Structure
5.2 Receiving part
Front-end radio-frequency amplifier
The signal received by antenna comes into low pass filter and receiving/transmission switching diode (D5 and
D6 are disconnected), the unwanted signal is filtered out by L11.C60 band-pass filter, then comes into
radio-frequency amplifier Q6 for amplification; after the signal is amplified by Q6, then the unwanted signal is
filtered out by L15 and C57, and the useful signal comes into U9 (RFIN). (Refer to figure 2)
5.3 Transmission part
（1） Radio frequency power amplifier
The radio frequency signal produced by U9 is amplified by pre-amplifier Q8, then the amplified signal is
amplified by driving amplifier Q4, after that, it is transmitted to final power amplifier Q3 to output 4.5W (when two
way radio is set on high power, the radio frequency power amplifier can output 4.5W radio frequency; When two way
radio is set on low power, the radio frequency power amplifier can output 1W radio frequency)
ANT
LPF
ANT SW
RFAMP
D5 , D6
HS C2 77
Q6
AT32011
RDA1 84 6 S
5R
U9
LNA
RFIN
Chart 2 Receiving Circuit
L15
C57
L11 C60

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（2） Antenna change over switch and LPF
Before the radio frequency signal reaches antenna terminal, the radio frequency signal outputs signal by D1，D3，
D5 and D6 transmission/receiving switching circuit; harmonic is filtered by L28，L29 and L30 low pass, and fed to
antenna. D1，D3，D5 and D6 are enabled (break over) in transmission mode, and closed(isolated) in receiving mode
（3） Power control
Power control circuit can stabilize the transmission output power through detecting drain current of final
amplifier field-effect tube. Voltage comparing circuit, U8（2/2）use the reference voltage configured by microprocessor
to compare with the voltage obtained from the last current. The different value of power control voltage and U8（1/2）
output automatic detection voltage and reference voltage is in direct proportion. The output voltage can control the
power amplifier of field-effect tube, and maintain the constant of output power of transmission part. The output power
of transmission part can be changed by microprocessor, and the reference voltage can be changed by microprocessor
to control output power.
（4） Temperature protection circuit
When the temperature of thermistor（TH1）reaches 80℃, the protection circuit will enable Q9 to protect final
amplifier(Q3) to avoid overheating.(Refer to figure 3)
ANT
LPF
ANT SW FINAL AMP DRI VE AMP
D1 . D3 Q3 Q4 Q8
RFAMP
BAP65-03 RFM07 RFM01 2SC3356
APC ST
U8
NJ M2904V
SW
Q7
UMC4 N
APC
5T
THERMAL
PROT ECT I ON
DC7 . 5 V
5T
5T
Q9
DTC1 14 TE
SW
RFOUT
TH1
ANT SW D5 . D6
HS C2 7 7
Chart 3 Auto Power Control
RD1 8 46 S
VCO
PA_dr vi er
U9
L28
L29
L30
5.4 Frequency synthesizer/base band processor
The internal of U9 processing chip includes phase lock, voltage-controlled oscillator, mixer, intermediate
frequency and baseband processor.(refer to figure 4)

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VCO
LDO
0/90
SQL
VOX
CLK
SDIO
PDN
SC
C T/ DCSS DE CODE
Synthesizer
LNA
Q
ADC
Q
PGA
I
ADC
I
PGA
DSP
Co re
Audio fi lt er
Sub CHfilter
FM mo dem
AFC l o o p
RSSI
ADC
DAC
GPIO
Interface
Bus
3V3
3V3
RFOUT PA_ d r vi er
RFIN
APC_SW
CTC MOD
12.8MHZ
MIC
AFOUT
Chart 4 RD1846S
（1） Phase lock
The step frequency of phase lock is 5 or 6.25 KHz. 12.8MHz reference oscillator signal is scaled down by
phase-locked loop U9 and generates 5 or 6.25 KHz of reference frequency by a mixed counter.
（2） Noise suppression
Use U9 to detect whether the noise is above or below the default, and produce high/low level to enter the SOL
port of microprocessor U300. microprocessor U300 can decide whether the speaker outputs voice by detecting the
input high/low level(to output the voice, the microprocessor U300 sends a high level signal to FM MUTE control wire
by Q302 and enable the audio power amplifier U306.
（3） QT/DQT code
The received carrier frequency is demodulated to be audio signal by U302，and that audio signal is filtered by
filter to remove the unwanted signal, then the signal is changed into plus signal by U302 analog-digital converter, then
the plus signal enter the microprocessor U300（CTC/CDCSS DECODE). The microprocessor U300 can determine
whether QT or DQT matches the value set, and according with the result of noise suppression circuit control the FM
MUTE and speaker to output voice.
（4） Audio amplifier
The audio signal demodulated by U302, through VR1 volume control circuit, then through the amplification of
audio power amplifier U306, can drive the speaker.
（5） Audio transmission
The voice signal is produced by internal microphone (M1) or external microphone, and the signal is conducted

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with the maximum frequency deviation by audio processor U301, and it is modulated by U302.
（6） Wide/narrow band conversion
We can use programming software to enable wide/narrow band to set that of various channels, and the
wide/narrow is converted by U302 SCT3258TD baseband processor.
（7） QT/DQT code
QT data is produced by audio baseband processor U302; the waveform of signal is optimized by CR low pass,
then it enters U301 for modulation; QT frequency deviation is adjusted by (U301) chip.
DQT data is produced by audio baseband processor U302; the waveform of signal is optimized by CR low pass,
then it enters X2 clock crystal for modulation; DQT frequency deviation is adjusted by audio baseband processor
U302.
（8） VOX
Microphone (M1) produces signal, and U307 signal level will determine whether it is above or below the default,
then the produced high/low level enter the VOX DET port of microprocessor U300. The microprocessor U300 can
determine whether to enable transmission by detecting the input high /low level. (Refer to figure 5)
SP
IF AMP
DE T
DET
LPF
U9 RD1846S FM IF
LPFHP F TDA2822
U306
Q302
Power SW
QT /DQT
U300
CPU
BUSY
FM_MUTE
AFCO
TI
Chart 5 AF Amplifier and Squelch
W/N
De_emphasis
U302
SCT3258TD
U9 RD1846S FM IF
VCO
U307
MIC
NJM2904V
M1
（9） Voice prompt
Chinese/English voice broadcast signal can be produced by U316, and the signal through VR1 volume control
circuit, then being amplified through audio power amplification U306 can drive speaker.(Chinese/English voice
broadcast signal includes broadcast of battery level, alarm sound, broadcast of power channel)
5.5 Power
VCC7.5V enters through J1; 5V outputs constant voltage by U313, then it outputs A3V3 through U309 to give
U300.CPU and power supply, and U310 outputs constant voltage RF3V3, which is a power supply for U9 RD1846S.
When two way radio works in transmission mode, the microprocessor is U300/TX_CTL. It controls U315 to output
5T to supply power for transmission circuit. When it works in receiving mode, the microprocessor U300/RX_CTL
will output high level to control U314（5R）to supply power for receiving circuit.(Refer to figure 6)

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5.6 Control system
Microprocessor:
When two way radio is enabled, the microprocessor (CPU U300) will read data from storage U317, and
meanwhile monitor function key (K2 K3 K4), PTT key (K1), and other input signal as squelch detection. then when
channel coding S1 is changed, the microprocessor transmits right frequency by 51，52，54，56 feet to U9 RD1846S for
controlling frequency output, and the clock of microprocessor adopts C394,C409,R336,R337,R339 and X300 to
contribute the coming out of 12.228MHz oscillator.(Refer to figure 7)
RESET
EEPROM
12.228MHz
X300
XOUT
XIN
SDA
SCL
WP
24C512
U318 S-80122ANMC
U317
RESET
STM32F103VBT6
U300
PTT
MONI
PTT
MONI
K1
K2
Chart 7 CPU
FUNC
ALARM
K3
K4 FUNC
ALARM
U3 1 4
XC6204B502MR
5V 5R
RX_ CTL
DC-SW
U3 1 3
LM2734XMK
Vc c 7. 5 V
DC-DC
U3 0 9
U3 1 0
XC6219B332
XC6219B332
5V A3 V3
REG
REG
RF3V3
U3 0 9
U3 1 0
XC6219B122
XC6219B332
DSP3V3
REG
REG
D1 V2
U3 1 5
XC6 2 04 B 5 0 2MR
5V 5T
TX_CTL
DC-SW
U3 0 8
XC6204B502MR
5V DC5 V
DC-SW
Chart 6 DC-SW