Agilent Technologies N4968A User manual
Agilent N4968A Demultiplexer User Guide
http://www.manuallib.com/agilent/n4968a-demultiplexer-user-guide.html
The N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s is shipped with all the accessories required for
verification and operation.
The shipment includes:
• N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s
• AC power converter module
• AC power cord
• CD containing the N4968A user guide and N4968A data sheet
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Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012
No part of this manual may be reproduced in any
form or by any means (including electronic
storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign
language) without prior agreement and written
consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as
governed by United States and international
copyright laws.
Manual Part Number
N4968-91021
Edition
Third edition, April 2014
Agilent Technologies, Deutschland GmbH
Herrenberger Str. 130
71034 Böblingen, Germany
For Assistance and Support
http://www.agilent.com/find/assist
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects
resulting from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or
interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse,
operation outside of the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site
preparation or maintenance. No other warranty is
expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies
specifically disclaims the implied warranties of
Merchantability and Fitness for a Particular
Purpose.
Warranty
The material contained in this document is
provided “as is,” and is subject to being
changed, without notice, in future editions.
Further, to the maximum extent permitted by
applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties,
either express or implied, with regard to this
manual and any information contained herein,
including but not limited to the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for
errors or for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, use,
or performance of this document or of any
information contained herein. Should Agilent and
the user have a separate written agreement with
warranty terms covering the material in this
document that conflict with these terms, the
warranty terms in the separate agreement shall
control.
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in this
document are furnished under a license and may
be used or copied only in accordance with the
terms of such license.
Restricted Rights Legend
If software is for use in the performance of a U.S.
Government prime contract or subcontract,
Software is delivered and licensed as
“Commercial computer software” as defined in
DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a
“commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) or
as “Restricted computer software” as defined in
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agency regulation or contract clause. Use,
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Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial
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Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no
greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR
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users will receive no greater than Limited Rights
as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR
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applicable in any technical data.
Safety Notices
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until
the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
A WARNING notice denotes a hazard.
It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or
death. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and
met.
A NOTE provides important or special
information.
CAUTION
WARNING
NOTE
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Safety Summary
General Safety Precautions
The following general safety precautions
must be observed during all phases of
operation of this instrument. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with
specific warnings elsewhere in this manual
violates safety standards of design,
manufacture, and intended use of the
instrument.
Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no
liability for the customer's failure to comply
with these requirements.
Before operation, review the instrument and
manual for safety markings and instructions.
You must follow these to ensure safe
operation and to maintain the instrument in
safe condition.
Initial Inspection
Inspect the shipping container for damage. If
there is damage to the container or
cushioning, keep them until you have
checked the contents of the shipment for
completeness and verified the instrument
both mechanically and electrically. The
Performance Tests give procedures for
checking the operation of the instrument. If
the contents are incomplete, mechanical
damage or defect is apparent, or if an
instrument does not pass the operator’s
checks, notify the nearest Agilent
Technologies Sales/Service Office.
WARNING To avoid hazardous electrical
shock, do not perform electrical tests when
there are signs of shipping damage to any
portion of the outer enclosure (covers,
panels, etc.).
General
This product is a Safety Class 1 product
(provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains
plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet
provided with a protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective conductor,
inside or outside of the instrument, will
make the instrument dangerous. Intentional
interruption is prohibited.
Environment Conditions
This instrument is intended for indoor use in
an installation category II, pollution degree 2
environment per IEC 61010 Second Edition
and 664 respectively. It is designed to
operate within a temperature range of 10 to
40 °C at a maximum relative humidity of 80%
for temperatures up to 31 °C, decreasing
linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40 °C at
an altitude of 2000 meters.
This module can be stored or shipped at
temperatures between -40°C and +70°C.
Protect the module from temperature
extremes that may cause condensation
within it.
Before Applying Power
Verify that all safety precautions are taken.
The power cable inlet of the instrument
serves as a device to disconnect from the
mains in case of hazard. The instrument
must be positioned so that the operator can
easily access the power cable inlet. When
the instrument is rack mounted the rack
must be provided with an easily accessible
mains switch.
Ground the Instrument
Install the instrument so that the ON / OFF
switch is readily identifiable and is easily
reached by the operator. The ON / OFF
switch is the instrument disconnecting
device. It disconnects the mains circuits
from the mains supply before other parts of
the instrument. Or the detachable power
cord can be removed from the electrical
supply. Alternately, an externally installed
switch or circuit breaker which is readily
identifiable and is easily reached by the
operator may be used as a disconnecting
device.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive
Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the
presence of flammable gases or fumes.
Do Not Remove the Instrument
Cover
Operating personnel must not remove
instrument covers. Component replacement
and internal adjustments must be made only
by qualified personnel.
Instruments that appear damaged or
defective should be made inoperative and
secured against unintended operation until
they can be repaired by qualified service
personnel.
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Symbols on Instruments
The instruction documentation symbol. The
product is marked with this symbol when it is
necessary for the user to refer to the instruction in
the documentation.
C-Tick Conformity Mark of the Australian ACA for
EMC compliance.
Indicates that protective earthing ground is
incorporated in the power cord.
This mark indicates compliance with the Canadian
EMC regulations.
ISM 1-A
This text denotes the instrument is an Industrial
Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.
CE Marking to state compliance within the
European Community: This product is in
conformity with the relevant European Directives:
EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and Low Voltage
Directive 2006/95/EC.
This symbol indicates that internal circuits can be
damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD),
therefore, avoid applying static discharges to the
panel input connectors.
China RoHS regulations include requirements
related to packaging, and require compliance to
China standard GB18455-2001. This symbol
indicates compliance with the China RoHS
regulations for paper/fiberboard packaging.
Indicates the time period during which no
hazardous or toxic substance elements are
expected to leak or deteriorate during normal use.
Forty years is the expected useful life of the
product.
The Korean Certification (KC) mark is required for
products that are subject to legally compulsory
certification.
The KC mark includes the marking’s identifier
code that has up to 26 digits and follows this
format: KCC-VWX-YYY-ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
This symbol indicates that the instrument requires
alternating current (AC) input.
This symbol indicates that the power line switch
is in the ON position.
O
This symbol indicates that the power line switch
is in the OFF position.
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Environmental Information
This product complies with the WEEE Directive
(2002/96/EC) marketing requirements. The affixed
label indicates that you must not discard this
electrical/electronic product in domestic
household waste.
Product category: With reference to the equipment
types in the WEEE Directive Annexure I, this
product is classed as a “Monitoring and Control
instrumentation” product.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return unwanted products, contact your local
Agilent office, or see
www.agilent.com/environment/product/ for more
information.
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Contents
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 7
Contents
1Getting Started ......................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Unpacking and Installation ............................................................................ 9
1.2 Important Notes............................................................................................. 10
1.3 Performance Recommendations................................................................. 10
2N4968A Operation Overview................................................................................. 11
2.1 Features........................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Front Panel Quick Reference....................................................................... 12
2.3 Rear Panel Quick Reference........................................................................ 13
2.4 Safety and Regulatory................................................................................... 14
3Performance Specifications.................................................................................. 15
3.1 General ............................................................................................................ 15
3.2 N4968A Clock and Data Demultiplexer Specifications ........................... 16
4Operation ................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 General Information ...................................................................................... 17
4.1.1 Performance Recommendations.................................................. 18
4.1.2 Connector Care ............................................................................... 18
4.2 Block Diagram................................................................................................ 20
4.2.1 Divide Ratio Switch Settings........................................................ 21
4.3 Demux-by-4 Example with 40 Gb/s Data Input........................................ 22
4.4 Demux-by-2 Example with 20 Gb/s Data Input with Full Rate Clock... 23
5Returning the N4968A to Agilent Technologies................................................ 25
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Getting Started
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 9
1Getting Started
1.1 Unpacking and Installation
The N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s is shipped with all the
accessories required for verification and operation.
The shipment includes:
•N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s
•AC power converter module
•AC power cord
•CD containing the N4968A user guide and N4968A data sheet
If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
Before switching on this instrument, make sure the supply voltage is in the
specified range.
This instrument has auto ranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply
voltage is within the specified range.
In an ESD-safe environment, carefully remove the N4968A from the
packaging. Install on a flat surface with unobstructed air flow to the back
panel. Plug the AC power cord into the power converter module and a wall
socket, then plug the converter module into the N4968A.
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Getting Started
10 Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide
1.2 Important Notes
•
Use ESD protection at all times when using the system.
•Review min/max specifications before applying input signals.
•Use only high quality RF connectors on the RF ports.
•Use dust jackets on unused back panel connectors.
•Situate the instrument away from heat sources.
1.3 Performance Recommendations
1.
When using differential-mode connections, ensure the cables are
phase balanced.
2. Differential connectors may be used single-ended if the unused
input or output is terminated in 50 Ω.
3. Use high quality cables and connector savers (or adaptors).
4. Keep cable lengths short and minimize number of cable bends.
5. Use a 7 to 10 in-lbs torque wrench when attaching connectors.
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N4968A Operation Overview
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 11
2N4968A Operation Overview
The Agilent technologies N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s is a
small high
-performance 3.5 to 44 Gb/s clock and data demultiplexer, designed
to simplify the process of making high
-bitrate BER measurements at half- or
quarter
-rate speeds. The N4968A clock and data demultiplexer 44 Gb/s is
capable of operating in
demux-by-4 up to 44 Gb/s data rate or in demux-by-2
up to 22 Gb/s data rate
with an adjustable sub-rate clock output for triggering
BER testers, oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, or
other instruments.
The N4968A also h
as clock frequency dividers. The input clock frequency can
be divided
down to lower rates to match the de-multiplexed data and used to
drive equipment such as external error detectors when making a BER
measurement.
2.1 Features
•
Clock and data demultiplexer for lower-rate BER measurements
•3.5 to 44 Gb/s operation
•Demux-by-2 or demux-by-4
•Integrated phase shifter for high-speed clock and data alignment
•Differential or single-ended input
•Adjustable sub-rate clock output
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N4968A Operation Overview
12 Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide
2.2 Front Panel Quick Reference
Figure 1. N4968A front panel
CLK 1: CLK 1 is the clock input and must be a half rate clock for
1:4 demultiplexing or
full rate clock for 1:2 demultiplexing. This input is AC coupled.
CLK 1 Phase Adj:
The phase adjust knob aligns the clock edge to the middle of the opening in
the input data eye for error free output from the demultiplexer.
Data In: The Data In and Data In/ are differential inputs for the data. These
connectors are 1.85 mm female connectors. If the data input is used single
ended the input should be connected through a DC block and the unused
input should be terminated with a 50 Ω 1.85 mm terminator.
Demux Data Out: The demuxed data outputs are routed thru the Demux Data Out1 through
Demux Data Out4 connectors. These are 2.92 mm female connectors. They
are single ended AC coupled outputs.
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N4968A Operation Overview
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 13
2.3 Rear Panel Quick Reference
Figure 2. N4968A rear panel
Divided Output
Clocks:
Divided clock outputs can be divided into ratios to get
four output clocks. The
four output clocks can be used as four single ended clocks or two pairs of
differential clocks. The clock outputs are AC coupled.
A and F connector: The clock input is routed to these connectors.
B and D connectors:
The B and D connectors are the inputs to divider number 1.
C and G connectors:
The C and G connectors are the outputs of divider number 1.
E connector:
The E connector is the input to divider number 2, which in conjuction with
divider numbers 3 and 4 is used to pr
ovide sub-rate clock outputs for
downstream equipment.
CLK 2:
The CLK 2 connector is the input to the phase shifter/demux.
Divide ratio switch: The eight switches set the different divide ratios.
Refer to configuration diagrams for use of these connections in various
applications
.
Power switch:
The rear panel power switch applies power to the N4968A.
Aux Out:
The center conductor of this port is −5 V. Use of this port is not supported.
Label: N4968A serial number.
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N4968A Operation Overview
14 Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide
2.4 Safety and Regulatory
Th
is product has been designed and tested in accordance with accepted
industry standards, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The
documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by
the user to ensure safe operation and to maintai
n the product in a safe
condition.
Do not remove instrument covers. There are no user serviceable parts
within. Operation of the instrument in a manner not specified by Agilent
Technologies may result in personal injury or loss of life.
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect instrument from mains before
cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the
external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace fuses, and or circuit
breakers only with same type and ratings. The use of other fuses, circuit
breakers or materials is prohibited.
The Mains wiring and connectors shall be compatible with the connector
used in the premise electrical system. Failure, to ensure adequate earth
grounding by not using the correct components may cause product damage,
and serious injury.
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Performance Specifications
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 15
3Performance Specifications
Specifications describe the instrument’s warranted performance. Non-
warranted values are stated as typical. All specifications are valid in a range
from 10 °C to 40 °C ambient temperature after a 30 minute warm-up phase.
3.1 General
Table 1. General and mechanical parameters of N4968A
Operating Temperature
+10 to +40 °C
Storage Temperature
–40 to +70°C
Power Requirements
42 W External AC Adaptor (included)
•100 to 240 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz
Physical Dimensions (W x H x D) 25.4 x 6.35 x 25.4 cm (7 x 2.5 x 10 inches)
Weight 3.2 kg (7 lbs)
EMC
Complies with European EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
•IEC/EN 61326-1
•CISPR Pub 11 Group 1, class A
•AS/NZS CISPR 11
•ICES/NMB-001
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB-001 du
Canada.
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Performance Specifications
16 Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide
3.2 N4968A Clock and Data Demultiplexer Specifications
Table 2. N4968A clock and data demultiplexer specifications
Parameter Specification
Data input
Data rate
3.5 to 44 Gb/s
Data amplitude 150 to 1000 mV p-p single-ended
Maximum DC voltage ±0.5 V
Interface Differential. DC coupled, 50 Ω nominal, 1.85 mm female
connectors. Can be used single-ended if unused input is
terminated with 50 Ω load.
Data output
Data rate 0.875 to 11 Gb/s
Data amplitude > 210 mV p-p typical
Interface Single-ended outputs. AC coupled, 50 Ω nominal, 2.92 mm
female connectors.
Clock input
Type Half-rate clock for demux-by-4 mode
Full-rate clock for demux-by-2 mode
Frequency
1.75 to 22 GHz for demux-by-4 mode
1
3.5 to 22 GHz for demux-by-2 mode
2
Clock amplitude +2 to +10 dBm (0.8 to 2 V p-p)
Interface Single-ended input. AC coupled, 50 Ω nominal, 2.92 mm
female connector.
Divided clock outputs
Division ratios 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64
Clock amplitude > −5 dBm (355 mV p-p) typical
Interface Differential outputs. AC coupled, 50 Ω nominal, SMA mm
female connectors. Can be used single-ended if unused input
is terminated with 50 Ω load.
1Demux-by-4 mode data rate is 3.5 to 44 Gb/s.
2Demux-by-2 mode data rate is 3.5 to 22 Gb/s.
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Operation
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 17
4Operation
The following section provides more detailed information regarding the use of
the N4968A.
4.1 General Information
The N4968A should be used in accordance with the following:
•Read and follow operating instructions; do not exceed min/max
specifications.
•Use ESD protection at all times, but especially when handling RF
input/outputs; ground coaxial cable conductor pins before use to
remove static buildup.
•Situate the instrument away from heat sources.
•Do not allow foreign material into enclosure.
•Always use provided AC adaptor. Do not power the unit with a
different adaptor. Do not modify the power plug or wall outlet to
remove the third (ground) pin.
•Do not drop or shake the instrument; minimize vibration; handle with
care.
•There are no user-serviceable parts within. Return damaged
instruments for factory-authorized repair. Refer to instrument w
arranty
for more information.
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Operation
18 Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide
4.1.1 Performance Recommendations
Follow the following recommendations for best performance:
1. When using differential mode connections, ensure the cables are
phase balanced. If the electrical length of one cable is a significant
fraction of a unit interval longer than the other, the quality of the
differential signal will be degraded.
2. Keep cable lengths short and minimize number of cable bends.
3. When using a single port of differential output channel for single-
ended measurements, the complementary port must be terminated
with a 50 Ωtermination.
4.1.2 Connector Care
The N4968A features high-quality front and rear panel input and output
connectors. Connector damage will degrade signal fidelity.
Refer to the N4960-
90030 N495xA through N498xA Connector Care Reference
Guide at www.agilent.com/find/N4968A.
Agilent Technologies also recommends the following:
•Use a 7 to 10 in-lbs torque wrench when attaching connectors.
•
Consider using connector savers to prolong performance and minimize
damage.
•Differential connectors may be used single-ended if second end
terminated in 50 Ω.
Inspect the connectors for the following:
•Worn or damaged threads
•Scratches to mating surface
•Burrs and loose metal particles
•Dust or foreign material in the space surrounding the center pin
•Ensure that female contacts are straight and aligned
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Operation
Clock and Data Demultiplexer 44 Gb/s User Guide 19
Clean the connectors as described in the following procedure. Cleaning
connectors with alcohol shall only be done with the instruments power cord
removed, and in a well-ventilated area. Allow all residual alcohol moisture to
evaporate, and the fumes to dissipate prior to energizing the instrument.
1. Remove any dust or loose particles using a low-pressure air source.
2. Moisten a lint-free swab with isopropyl alcohol. Do not saturate the
swab.
3. Minimize the wicking of the alcohol into the connector structure.
4. Clean the mating plane surfaces and threads.
5. Allow alcohol to evaporate, and then use a low-pressure air source to
blow surfaces clean.
6. Make sure no particles or residue remains.
7. Inspect connector for damage.
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