AirTegrity wireless 4000 Series User manual

Series 4000 Router
Installation Guide
Rev 4.06, 2005 March 04

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide
AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
Rev 4.06, 2005 March 04
AirTegrity Headquarters
AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
276 Kingsbury Grade, Suite 206
Stateline, Nevada, 89449-5188
USA
AirTegrity Mailing Address
AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
P.O Box 5188
Stateline, Nevada, 89449-5188
USA
Copyright© 2004, 2005 by AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book or manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the express written permission from the AirTegrity Wireless, Inc., except for the
inclusion of a brief quotation(s) used in a review.

Frontmatter
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide iii
Warning and Disclaimer
This book is designed to provide information about the Series 4000 Router Product(s). Every effort has
been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is
implied.
The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, AirTegrity Wireless, Inc., shall have neither
liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage arising from the
information contained in this book or from the use of equipment or software that might accompany it.
The opinions expressed in this book are not necessarily those of AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
Regulatory Information
Federal Communication Commission Information
FCC Statement
This device complies with Part 15 rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of a Class B digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a residential environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and radiates radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to correct the interference by one of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician.
CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Model: 4000 series with 2024-15
FCC ID: SJW-4000-2024-15
Manufacturer: AirTegrity Wireless, Inc.
276 Kingsbury Grade, Suite 206
P.O. Box 5188
Stateline NV 89449-5188, USA

Frontmatter
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide iv
Declaration of Conformity for the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC
English: This equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions
of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Deutsch: Dieses Gerät entspricht den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den weiteren
entsprecheneden Vorgaben der Richtlinie 1999/5/EU.
Français: Cet appareil est conforme aux exigencies essentialles et aux autres dispositions pertinantes
de la Directive 1999/5/EC.
CE Declaration of Conformity
We, AirTegrity Wireless Inc., of 276 Kingsbury Grade, Suite 206, Stateline Nevada, 89449-5188, USA,
declare under our sole responsibility that the model 4000 series installed with the 2024-06 radio card to
which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following standards and/or other normative
documents:
EN 300 328-1
EN 300 328-2
EN 301 489-1
EN 301 489-3
EN 301 489-17
EN 60950
We, AirTegrity Wireless Inc., hereby declare that this product is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
This product can be used in the following countries:
UK, Germany, and France.
Antennas Tested
The following antennas were tested with the 4000 installed with a 2024-15 radio:
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are known trademarks or service marks have been appropriately
capitalized. AirTegrity Wireless, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this
book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Antenna Type Manufacturer Model Number Antenna Gain
Directional Panel Til-Tek TA-2408 17 dBi
Omni HyperLink
Technologies
HG2415U-PRO 15 dBi
Yagi Poynting Group YAGI-A0005 13 dBi

Frontmatter
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide v
Readers’ Feedback
At AirTegrity Wireless, Inc., our goal is to create in-depth technical documentation of the highest
quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, involving many hours of research
and the collaboration of many members from the development teams.
Readers' feedback is actively sought to help us improve on future revisions and publications. If
there are any items that you feel are in error or areas that could be altered to better suit your needs,
you can contact us through e-mail at [e-mail]. Please be sure to include the title
and revision of the document.

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide vi
AirTegrity Limited Warranty
Limited Warranty
Hardware. AirTegrity Wireless, Inc. (“AirTegrity“), warrants that commencing from the date of
delivery to Customer (but in case of resale by an AirTegrity reseller, commencing not more than
ninety (90) days after original shipment by AirTegrity), and continuing for a period of the longer
of (a) ninety (90) days or (b) the period set forth in the Warranty Card accompanying the Product
(if any), the Hardware will be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use.
The date of shipment of a Product by AirTegrity is set forth on the packaging material in which
the Product is shipped. This limited warranty extends only to the original user of the Product.
Customer's sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of AirTegrity and its suppliers under
this limited warranty will be, at AirTegrity or its service center's option, shipment of a replacement
within the period and according to the replacement process described in the Warranty Card, or a
refund of the purchase price if the Hardware is returned to the party supplying it to Customer, if
different than AirTegrity, freight and insurance prepaid. AirTegrity replacement parts used in
Hardware repair may be new or equivalent to new. AirTegrity obligations hereunder are
conditioned upon the return of affected articles in accordance with AirTegrity or its service
center's then-current Return Material Authorization (RMA) procedures.
Software. AirTegrity warrants that commencing from the date of delivery to Customer (but in
case of resale by an AirTegrity reseller, commencing not more than ninety (90) days after original
shipment by AirTegrity), and continuing for a period of the longer of (a) ninety (90) days or (b)
the period set forth in the Warranty Card accompanying the Product (if any): (a) the media on
which the Software is furnished will be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal
use; and (b) the Software substantially conforms to its published specifications.
Except for the foregoing, the Software is provided AS IS. This limited warranty extends only to
the Customer who is the original licensee. Customer's sole and exclusive remedy and the entire
liability of AirTegrity and its suppliers under this limited warranty will be, at AirTegrity or its
service center's option, repair, replacement, or refund of the Software if reported (or, upon request,
returned) to the party supplying the Software to Customer, if different than AirTegrity. In no event
does AirTegrity warrant that the Software is error free or that Customer will be able to operate the
Software without problems or interruptions. In addition, due to the continual development of new
techniques for intruding upon and attacking networks, AirTegrity does not warrant that the
Software or any equipment, system or network on which the Software is used will be free of
vulnerability to intrusion or attack.
Restrictions. This warranty does not apply if the Product (a) has been altered, except by
AirTegrity, (b) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance with
instructions supplied by AirTegrity, (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical or electrical
stress, misuse, negligence, or accident, (d) is sold or, in the case of Software, licensed, for beta,
evaluation, testing, or demonstration purposes for which AirTegrity does not receive a payment
of purchase price or license fee, or (e) has been damaged by lightning, flood, or other Acts of God.

Frontmatter
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide vii
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY. EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED IN THIS WARRANTY, ALL
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT,
SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, LAW,
USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED TO THE EXTENT
ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW. TO THE EXTENT AN IMPLIED WARRANTY
CANNOT BE EXCLUDED, SUCH WARRANTY IS LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE
WARRANTY PERIOD. BECAUSE SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW
LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, THE ABOVE
LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC
LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM
JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION. This disclaimer and exclusion shall apply even if the
express warranty set forth above fails of its essential purpose.

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide viii
About the Manual
Configuration Warning
Please read the following before attempting the installation of your Series 4000 Routers:
• The antenna design, alignment and placement are all critical to the successful operation of
wireless networks. In the majority of cases, the network manager needs the assistance of
antenna specialists to perform these tasks.
• When installing access point Routers, the antennas are often attached to antenna towers or
other high places, which are not safely accessible to those without proper training.
Warning It is not be safe for an unqualified person to climb an antenna tower.
Documentation Conventions
This manual uses the following naming conventions:
• Router - When capitalized, Router refers to a Series 4000 Router built by AirTegrity
Wireless, Inc.
For example: “The Router supports both RIP and OSPF.”
• AOS - AOS refers to the AirTegrity Operating System.
For example: “The AirTegrity Router comes equipped with AOS, its own embedded
operating system, stored in the unit’s non-volatile flash memory.”

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide ix
Contents
Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Readers’ Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Documentation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Chapter 1:
Installation 1-1
Location of Ports and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Required Computer Equipment and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Install the Ethernet Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Ethernet Cable Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Connect the Network Administration Computer to the Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Connecting your Browser to the Series 4000 Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Connecting to the Series 4000 Router through the RS232 Serial Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Installation Caution - READ THIS SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Chapter 2:
Hardware Features 2-1
Series 4000 Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Appendix A:
Understanding Radio Frequency Transmission Power Values A-1
Required Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Hardware and Software Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
The Decibel dB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Estimating Cable Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Outdoor and Indoor Propagation and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Outdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Indoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Appendix B:
Maximum Power Levels and Permitted Channels in Regulatory Domains B-1
Maximum Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide x
Index: Index-1

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-1
1. Installation
The following sections provide section-by-section, step-by-step instructions on how to get your
Series 4000 Router up and running. Do not skip any sections or steps.
The first section begins with instructions after you have received the equipment and are ready to
begin installation:
1. Location of Ports and Connectors
2. Required Computer Equipment and Software
3. Install the RS232 Cabling
4. Install the USB Cabling
5. Connect the Network Administration Computer to the Router
6. Installation Caution - READ THIS SECTION
Note AirTegrity routers are available in a variety of models. Some models might not support all
the features and hardware options described in this manual. This document covers the installation
of the Series 4000 Router products.
Location of Ports and Connectors
Before you apply electrical power to your Series 4000 Router, the following figure shows the
locations of its various ports and connectors:

Chapter--Installation
Topic--Required Computer Equipment and Software
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-2
Figure 1-1 Back Panel of the Series 4000 Router
Required Computer Equipment and Software
You need the following computer equipment and software:
•Personal Computer (PC) with one or more Ethernet ports:
–Ethernet Port and Ethernet Cable (10BaseT 10/100 MHz Ethernet).
The Ethernet cables should be Category (CAT) 5 with 8-pin modular connectors on
both ends. See “Ethernet Cable Specifications” on page 1-3.
Note Your existing network router/switch must have an Ethernet hub or switch with
two unused Ethernet ports connecting to the current LAN.
–USB Port and USB cable
–RS232 (Serial) Port (The serial port on the Series 4000 Router is a 9-pin
subminiature D connector.)
You also need an RS232 straight-through cable that connects to your PC’s RS232 port
and the Router’s RS232 port.
•PC software:
WARNING: Before you apply
power to the AirTegrity Router, be
sure that the antenna (or a 50 ohm
dummy load) is attached to the RF
connector(s). If you have more
than one RF port, connect ALL.
Input power connector Ethernet ports. “Ethernet 0” is
far-left port.
USB and RS232 ports are
part of the front panel.

Chapter--Installation
Topic--Install the Ethernet Cabling
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-3
–Terminal Emulation Program (for example, Hyperterminal or Vicomsoft) is
recommended to allow you to access the AOS CLI commands and other CLI
administrative interfaces of the Series 4000 Router.
The WebUI provides all the functionality of AOS CLI with the exception of the unit’s
BIOS options. The BIOS options are available only to AirTegrity service agencies
from the unit’s USB or RS232 serial interface.
–Web Browser (for example, Internet Explorer and Mozilla). You must have a web
browser if you do not have or cannot run a terminal emulation program.
Although we believe the Router will run on any reasonably standard browser, we
cannot guarantee trouble-free operation with any browser other than Internet
Explorer.
Install the Ethernet Cabling
In this section the installation and selection of Ethernet cables for connection to the Series 4000
Router’s Ethernet port is described. The Ethernet port also serves as the Router’s 48V power port
in a Power Over Ethernet (POE) configuration.
Tools and Materials
You need the following tools and materials: (1) A medium flat-blade screwdriver, (2) Extra RF-45
8-pin connectors, (3) Sufficient CAT5 cable for your installation. (4) An RJ-45 crimping tool for
attaching the connectors to the cable.
For cable specifications, see “Ethernet Cable Specifications” on page 1-3.
Ethernet Cable Specifications
You must use only CAT5 (Category 5) cable for the Ethernet. The cable should meet either the
T568A or T568B specification.
Connect the Network Administration Computer to the
Router
In this section we describe how to connect your computer to the AirTegrity Series 4000 Router.
Once you have your PC talking to the Router, you will be ready to begin configuration of the
Router for your network applications.
Connecting your Browser to the Series 4000 Router
As described in the previous section, you need the following:
• PC with an Ethernet port
Table 1-1 Cat 5 Cable Wire Colors
12345678
T568A Wh/Gr Gr Wh/Or Bl Wh/Bl Or Wh/Br Br
T568B Wh/Or Or Wh/Gr Bl Wh/Bl Gr Wh/Br Br

Chapter--Installation
Topic--Settings - Control Panel
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-4
• Web browser
• Ethernet cables with the proper connectors
• Two free Ethernet ports that connect to your LAN - one for the Router and one for your PC.
Complete the following steps:
1. Connect your PC to your Ethernet LAN.
2. Connect the Series 4000 Router to your Ethernet LAN.
3. Does a DHCP server supply IP addresses to units on the Ethernet LAN? Does your PC get
its IP address from a DHCP server (or DHCP relay) on this Ethernet LAN? If the answer is
yes continue with step 4. If the answer is no, continue with step 10.
4. Verify that the DHCP server is connected to the Ethernet LAN and operating normally.
5. Power on the AirTegrity Router and the PC.
6. Wait about 1 minute for the Router to run through its boot up sequence and acquire an
address from the DHCP server.
7. Access the DHCP server’s logs or DHCP Table of leases to see the address assigned to the
Series 4000 Router.
8. Start the browser on you PC and enter the URL with the IP address assigned to the Router.
For example, if the previous step showed that the Router was given the address
192.168.1.101, then enter “http://192.168.1.101” in the location/address window of the
browser.
Note the banner that runs across the top of the screen. It displays the following from left to
right: model number (such as 4032 or 3001), serial number (typically 12 or more digits),
the number of currently connected users and the version number of the AOS image currently
running in your Router.
9. Continue with step 14.
10. Power on the AirTegrity Router and the PC.
11. Wait about 3 minutes for the Router to run through its boot up sequence and determine that
no DHCP server is available. Upon completion of bootup, the address of the Ethernet 0 port
of the Router should be 192.168.0.2 -- assuming it is still configured with its factory defaults
and that you have no DHCP server.
12. Configure your PC to have the static address 192.168.0.3.
In Windows, go the Settings - Control Panel and from there open the network management
window. In Windows 2000, the network management window is called the Network and
Dial-up Connections window.
After you have opened the network management dialog window in your PC, select the Local
Area Connection device. This is the interfaces to your LAN.
Double-click to open Local Area Connection and click the Properties button.
A list of devices should appear. Select the TCP/IP device and click the Properties button.
Choose the Use the following IP address: option and enter 192.168.0.3. Click OK and close
the dialog boxes to save your modifications to the LAN interface.
13. Start the browser on you PC and enter the URL of the Router: “http://192.168.0.2.”

Chapter--Installation
Topic--Installation Caution - READ THIS SECTION
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-5
14. After entering the URL with the IP address of the Router, you should now be seeing the
login screen of the Router’s WebUI.
Note the banner that runs across the top of the screen. It displays the following from left to
right: model number (such as 4032 or 3001), serial number (typically 12 or more digits),
the number of currently connected users and the version number of the AOS image currently
running in your Router.
15. If your browser and PC were configured with static IP addresses in step 10 through step 13,
reconfigure those static IP addresses to be compatible with other equipment on the Ethernet
LAN.
16. This concludes the procedure that connects the administrator’s computer to the Router.
Continue with the “Pole Mounting Instructions” on page -HIDDEN for mounting on
antenna towers and poles.
Continue with the AOS CLI and WebUI Reference Guide and the AirTegrity Wireless Router
Application Guide (included in the User Documentation CD) for configuration instructions.
Connecting to the Series 4000 Router through the RS232 Serial Console
Use a DB9 => DB9 straight-through cable and a terminal emulation program to connect to the
Router’s serial console port.
If you use HyperTerminal with Windows, go to: Start, Programs, Accessories, Communications,
HyperTerminal. Select the COM port you will be using along with the following parameters:
Bits per Second: 115200
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
Installation Caution - READ THIS SECTION
This section contains important information about the installation and configuration of your Series
4000 Router router.
AirTegrity products require professional installation for the following reasons:
• The products are components of a solution and do not work stand-alone; they must be
installed from a systems point of view, which an unqualified or inexperienced person would
not be familiar with or aware of.
• Operation of these products as components of the overall system requires operating
parameters be set on the products relative to the overall network, which an unqualified or
inexperienced person will not have knowledge necessary to perform.
See the AOS CLI and WebUI Reference Guide for instructions on configuring the Router’s
parameters.

Chapter--Installation
Topic--Installation Caution - READ THIS SECTION
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 1-6
• As a wireless product requiring antenna installation, the antenna alignment is critical to
operation of the unit. An unqualified or inexperienced person would not be able to perform
antenna alignment. For example, they would need to know the exact location of the Base
Station when installing a CPE device and they would experience in estimating the effect of
obstructions, distance and weather.
• When installing an AirTegrity Base Station Router, the antennas are often be attached to
antenna towers, which an inexperienced person could not and should not attempt to climb.
Warning It is not safe for an unqualified or inexperienced person to climb an antenna
tower.
• Do not attempt to install antennas or Routers on towers or other dangerous locations.
Consult with professionals licensed to perform the installation whenever there is any doubt
about the safety of the installation locations and/or antenna configurations.
Caution Do not power up the Series 4000 Router unless you have an antenna or 50 ohm dummy
load connected to the RF output. Failure to properly load the RF output will damage the router’s
RF circuitry.

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide 2-1
Hardware Features 2
The Series 4000 Router product is multi-protocol router supporting both wireless and wired
interfaces. The Router is available in a variety of models and optional plug-in modules. Some
models and plug-in configurations might not support all the features and hardware options
described in this manual.
Series 4000 Router
The Series 4000 Router has operational and status LEDs on the front panel. The functions of these
LEDs vary depending on the mode that the Series 4000 Router is operating in. The front panel also
supports the serial and USB interface and displays the activity LEDs for the Ethernet and RF
interfaces. The RF interface ports and ethernet 0 ports are found on the back panel.
The serial console port is a DB9 connector configured as a DCE device. Use a straight through
(not null-modem) cable to connect it to a terminal or PC.
Figure 2-1 Series 4000 Router Front Panel
The rear panel supports connections to power, ground, ethernet, and RF antenna.
Figure 2-2 Series 4000 Router Rear Panel
The power connector, mounted in the center of the back panel, supports international voltage and
frequency input. Input Power Specification: 12VDC, 2.0A
The four port ethernet hub/switch supports 10/100 Mb Base-T LAN connections.
The RF antenna connector is an N-type male connector. Connect this to your antenna using a
suitable RF quality cable. A minimum of LMR-400 cable should be used.

Series 4000 Router Installation Guide A-1
A. Understanding Radio Frequency
Transmission Power Values
The goal of this appendix is to familiarize the reader with basic technology concepts and terms
involved in wireless communications specific to AirTegrity products.
The topics to be covered include
• Additive and subtractive effect by system components on the overall system.
• The Decibel (dB)
• Transmitted RF power measured in milliwatts (mW)
• Receiver sensitivity measured in -dB
• Cable loss measured in -dB
• Antenna Gain measured in dBs
•Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) the measure of radiated power from an antenna.
• In addition, the reader will be introduced to the AirTegrity Path Loss Calculator, which is
an estimation tool developed to assist with the design and deployment of outdoor wireless
networks.
Required Knowledge
Readers of this document should have an understanding of the electromagnetic radiation and its
mathematical basis including the application of logarithms.
Hardware and Software Versions
The concepts discussed in this paper are applicable to all hardware or software revision levels of
AirTegrity products.
The Decibel dB
In a system employing radio frequency (RF) transmission, a large number of component circuits
contribute to the overall gain or loss and the calculation of the power ratio may become extremely
laborious. To simplify this calculation, individual power ratios are expressed in a logarithmic unit,
enabling addition to be employed in place of multiplication.
The logarithmic unit employed is the decibel (abbreviated to dB). The dB is a measure of the
power of a signal as a function of its ratio to another standardized value.
(Mathematically, the number of dB is calculated as dB = 10*log10(P 1/P 2) where P 1 and P 2are
power levels.)

Appendix--Understanding Radio Frequency Transmission Power Values
Topic--decibel
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide A-2
For example: Power (in dB) = 10 * log10 (Signal/Reference)
Where:
• Signal is the power of the signal from the RF transmitter
• (for example 50 mW)
• Reference is the reference power
• (for example 1 mw)
In the example:
Power (in dB) = 10 * log10 (50/1) = 10 * log10 (50) = 10 * 1.7 = 17 dBm
Because the measurement decibel (dB) is a ratio comparing two power levels, you can use math
equations to manipulate the dB level for designing and building networks.
Using the previous example:
Power (in dB) = 10 * log10 (5 * 10) = (10 * log10 (5)) + (10 * log10(10)) = 7 + 10 = 17 dBm
Often the power level of device is measured in dB. Further, the symbol dB is often combined with
other symbols to represent what values are being compared and sometimes numeric values to
indicate power.
For example:
• dBm where the decibel value is being compared to 1 milliwatt (mW)
• dBW where the decibel value is being compared to 1 watt (w).
The following table shows a number of commonly used general rules:
The following table shows how decibels are related to milliwatts:
Table A-1 Change in dB verses Change in Power
An increase of: A decrease of: Produces:
3dB of Tx power Doubles transmit power
3dB of Tx power Halves transmit power
10dB of Tx power 10 times the transmit power
10dB of Tx power Divides transmit power by 10
30dB of Tx power 1000 times the transmit power
30dB of Tx power Decreases transmit power 1000 times
Table A-2 Approximate dBm to mW conversion values
Approximate dBm Antenna
gain
Approximate mW transmit power at the RF interface as
presented to the coaxial cable or antenna if directly attached
0dBm 1mW
1dBm 1.25mW
2dBm 1.56mW

Appendix--Understanding Radio Frequency Transmission Power Values
Topic--decibel
Series 4000 Router Installation Guide A-3
3dBm 2.0mW
4dBm 2.5mW
5dBm 3.12mW
6dBm 4.0mW
7dBm 5.0mW
8dBm 6.25mW
9dBm 8.0mW
10dBm 10.0mW
11dBm 12.5mW
12dBm 16.0mW
13dBm 20.0mW
14dBm 25.0mW
15dBm 32.0mW
16dBm 40.0mW
17dBm 50.0mW
18dBm 64.0mW
19dBm 80.0mW
20dBm 100.0mW
21dBm 128.0mW
22dBm 160.0mW
23dBm 200.0mW
24dBm 256.0mW
25dBm 320.0mW
26dBm 400.0mW
27dBm 512.0mW
28dBm 640.0mW
29dBm 800.0mW
30dBm 1000.0mW or 1 Watt
Table A-2 Approximate dBm to mW conversion values
Approximate dBm Antenna
gain
Approximate mW transmit power at the RF interface as
presented to the coaxial cable or antenna if directly attached