
INTRODUCINGTHEH‐3000PHONOSTAGE
TheH‐3000isAllnicAudio’stopofthelinephonostage
model.LikeallAllnicAudioproducts,itusesPermalloy
(ironandnickelalloy)foritstransformercores.Allnicis
gratefultoMr.G.W.ElmenofWesternElectricfor
inventingPermalloyfortransformercoreuse,andinso
doing,providinganenormousservicetorecorded
musiclistenerseverywhere.
TheH‐3000hasthefollowingfeatures:
•LCRTYPERIAAEQUALIZATION:
RIAAequalizationisaspecificationforthecorrect
playbackofvinylrecords,establishedbythe
RecordingIndustryAssociationofAmerica.The
purposeoftheequalizationistopermitlonger
playbacktimesandimprovesoundquality.
RIAAequalizationisaformofestablishingaflat
frequencyresponsefortheplaybackofrecorded
music.Thenecessityforthisequalizationprocess
arisesfrommechanicaldifficultiesinherentin
recordproduction.Inordertopreventthecutting
needlefromover‐cuttingintothenextrecord
grooveinthebass,asarecordiscut,somebass
frequenciesareattenuated.Inthetrebleregion,in
orderforhighfrequencysoundsnottobemasked
bythenoiseinherentinmovingastylusoverand
throughamodulatedvinylsurface,sometreble
frequenciesareboosted.Withtheapplicationof
thecorrectfilteringtechniquesonplayback,the
resultisaflatfrequencyresponsewithbettersignal
tonoiseratios.
Therearefourde‐emphasismethodsthatcanbe
appliedatplayback:
A.Activefilters(Negativefeedbacktypes):
Differentquantitiesofnegativefeedbackare
applied,withdeeperfeedbacktothehigh
frequenciesandshallowertothelowfrequencies.
Thebenefitsofthismethodareimprovedsignalto
noiseratios,lowcostandconsistentoperation.
Someoftheshortfallsarelooserbassreproduction
andpossiblyapinchedandcompressedhighfrequency
playbackduetoexcessfeedbackratios.
B.Passivefilters(CRtype):
‐ ThefrequenciesarefilteredtofittheRIAAspecification
byvaryingtheamountofattenuationatdifferent
frequenciesthroughacomplexcapacitor‐resistor
network.Thistechniqueresultsinnovoltageoverload,
purerreproduction(becausethereisnofeedback),and
moreaccurateRIAAcompensation.However,thereare
problemsbecausethesystemprovidesnogain,and
insertionlossandimpedancematchingissuesarise.
C.Hybridfilters(useofbothCRandnegative
feedbacktypes):
Inthismethod,bothtypesoffiltersappliedseparately;
anactivefilterisappliedtothelowfrequenciesanda
passivefiltertothehighfrequencies.Unfortunately,
boththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachof
thesetwotypesoffilters,alreadydiscussed,affectthe
playbacksystematthesametime.
D.LCRfilters,whichareusedintheH‐3000:
Twopiecesofalinearreactor(akindofchokecoil)
comprisethemainpartofthesefilters,assistedby
preciseCRfilters,inordertolowerimpedancesand
insertionloss.
Invacuumtubecircuits,activeandpassivefiltersusually
areoperatedononehundredpluskiloohmsof
impedance.AnLCRRIAAfilter'simpedanceisaconstant
600ohms.
Furthermore,anLCRRIAAfilter'sseriesresistanceisless
than13ohms(asacomparative,somefamousonesare
31ohms).Thelowertheimpedance,themoredynamicis
thesoundreproduction,withbetterbassresponseand
speed.
ButLCRRIAAunitshavedrawbacksaswell.These
drawbacksarehighcostandthedifficultyofimpedance
matching;thelatterhasbeentheprimaryhindranceto
thecommercializationofthissuperbmethodinthe
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