Alsim al250 Technical specifications

al250
TWIN ENGINED PISTON
AIRCRAFT
FLIGHT MANUAL

AL250 Flight Manual
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Table of Contents
0 General 0-1
0-1 INTRODUCTION ............................. 0-3
0-2 REVISIONS LOG ............................. 0-4
0-3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ........................ 0-5
0-4 EMERGENCY STOP ........................... 0-6
0-5 USING THIS MANUAL .......................... 0-7
0-6 GLOSSARY ................................ 0-8
0-7 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ....................... 0-13
0-7-1 Speed ............................... 0-13
0-7-2 Distance .............................. 0-13
0-7-3 Mass ................................ 0-13
0-7-4 Volume ............................... 0-13
0-7-5 Volume/Mass Relation ...................... 0-13
0-7-6 Pressure .............................. 0-14
0-7-7 Temperature ............................ 0-14
1 Limitations 1-1
1-1 GENERAL ................................. 1-2
1-2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION (IAS) ....... 1-2
1-2-1 TWO ENGINES OPERATING .................. 1-2
1-2-2 ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE .................. 1-2
1-3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKERS ................... 1-3
1-4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS ..................... 1-3
1-5 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS .............. 1-5
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AL250 Flight Manual
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1-6 FUEL LIMITATIONS ........................... 1-6
1-7 WEIGHT LIMITS ............................. 1-6
1-8 CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS ..................... 1-6
1-9 MANOEUVRE LIMITS .......................... 1-6
1-10 GYRO SUCTION LIMITS ........................ 1-6
1-11 AUTOMATIC PILOT ........................... 1-7
1-12 COMMUNICATION ............................ 1-7
2 Normal Procedures 2-1
2-1 GENERAL ................................. 2-2
2-2 CABIN INSPECTION ........................... 2-3
2-3 BEFORE START UP ........................... 2-3
2-4 ENGINE START UP ........................... 2-4
2-5 AFTER START UP ............................ 2-4
2-6 TAXI .................................... 2-5
2-7 ENGINE CHECK ............................. 2-5
2-8 BEFORE LINE UP ............................ 2-5
2-9 AFTER TAKE OFF ............................ 2-6
2-10 CRUISE .................................. 2-6
2-11 BEFORE DESCENT ........................... 2-6
2-12 INITIAL APPROCH ............................ 2-6
2-13 APPROACH OR DOWNWIND ...................... 2-7
2-14 BEFORE LANDING ............................ 2-7
2-15 RUNWAY VACATED ........................... 2-7
2-16 SHUTDOWN AND APRON ....................... 2-8
3 Abnormal and Emergency Procedures 3-1
3-1 GENERAL ................................. 3-2
3-2 ENGINES ................................. 3-3
3-2-1 DETECTING DEAD ENGINE .................. 3-3
3-2-2 ENGINE FAILURE / FIRE BEFORE V1 ............. 3-3
3-2-3 ENGINE FAILURE / FIRE AFTER V1 .............. 3-3
3-2-4 ENGINE SECURING (FEATHERING) .............. 3-4
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AL250 Flight Manual
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3-2-5 ENGINE FAILURE / FIRE IN FLIGHT .............. 3-5
3-2-6 PRECAUTIONARY ENGINE SHUTDOWN ........... 3-6
3-2-7 PROPELLER OVERSPEED .................... 3-6
3-2-8 UNFEATHERING AND RESTARTING ENGINE ......... 3-7
3-2-9 LOW OIL PRESSURE ....................... 3-7
3-2-10 HIGH OIL PRESSURE ...................... 3-7
3-2-11 HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE ................... 3-8
3-2-12 LOW OIL TEMPERATURE .................... 3-8
3-2-13 BOTH ALTERNATORS FAILED ................. 3-9
3-2-14 ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE APPROACH ........... 3-10
3-2-15 STARTING ENGINE WITH EXTERNAL POWER ........ 3-11
3-3 FIRE .................................... 3-12
3-3-1 ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND ................... 3-12
3-3-2 ELECTRICAL FIRE ON GROUND ................ 3-12
3-3-3 ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT ................. 3-12
3-4 LANDING GEAR ............................. 3-13
3-4-1 LANDING GEAR UNSAFE WARNING .............. 3-13
3-4-2 MANUAL LANDING GEAR EXTENSION ............ 3-13
3-5 EMERGENCY LANDING ......................... 3-14
3-6 INOPERATIVE FLAPS LANDING .................... 3-14
3-7 SPIN RECOVERY ............................. 3-14
3-8 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ......................... 3-15
3-8-1 VACUUM PUMP FAILURE .................... 3-15
4 Performance 4-1
5 Cockpit Overview 5-1
5-1 COCKPIT FITTINGS ........................... 5-2
5-1-1 LIGHTING ............................. 5-2
5-1-2 SEATS ............................... 5-4
5-1-3 HEADSETS ............................ 5-5
5-2 FLIGHT DECK .............................. 5-5
5-2-1 PILOT’S FLIGHT DECK ..................... 5-6
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AL250 Flight Manual
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5-2-2 CENTRAL FLIGHT DECK .................... 5-7
5-2-3 PEDESTAL ............................ 5-8
6 Aircraft Systems 6-1
6-1 FLIGHT CONTROLS ........................... 6-4
6-1-1 PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROLS ................. 6-4
6-1-2 SECONDARY FLIGHT CONTROLS ............... 6-6
6-2 POWER PLANT ............................. 6-10
6-2-1 ENGINE AND PROPELLER CONTROLS ............ 6-10
6-2-2 ENGINE COOLING AND HEATING CONTROLS ........ 6-12
6-2-3 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS ..................... 6-15
6-3 STARTER ................................. 6-19
6-4 LANDING GEAR ............................. 6-20
6-4-1 NORMAL OPERATION ...................... 6-20
6-4-2 EMERGENCY LANDING GEAR OPERATION .......... 6-22
6-4-3 WHEEL BRAKES ......................... 6-23
6-5 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ......................... 6-24
6-5-1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR ..................... 6-24
6-5-2 VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR ................. 6-25
6-5-3 TURN AND BANK INDICATOR ................. 6-25
6-5-4 ALTIMETER ............................ 6-26
6-5-5 ATTITUDE INDICATOR ..................... 6-27
6-5-6 VACUUM GAUGE ......................... 6-28
6-5-7 WARNING LIGHTS ........................ 6-29
6-6 NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS ...................... 6-30
6-6-1 RMI ................................ 6-30
6-6-2 EHSI ................................ 6-31
6-6-3 GYRO SYSTEM .......................... 6-33
6-6-4 MAGNETIC COMPASS ...................... 6-34
6-6-5 OBI ................................ 6-34
6-7 AVIONICS ................................. 6-36
6-7-1 EFIS ................................ 6-37
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AL250 Flight Manual
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6-7-2 ALSIM ALA-500 .......................... 6-38
6-7-3 GARMIN GTN 650 ........................ 6-39
6-7-4 ADF ................................ 6-40
6-7-5 NAV/COM 2 ............................ 6-41
6-7-6 MARKER ANNUNCIATORS ................... 6-42
6-7-7 HEADSET CONNECTION .................... 6-44
6-7-8 AUDIO CONTROL ........................ 6-45
6-8 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ......................... 6-47
6-8-1 OVERVIEW ............................ 6-47
6-8-2 BATTERY ............................. 6-48
6-8-3 ALTERNATOR AND AMMETER ................ 6-48
6-8-4 BREAKERS ............................ 6-49
6-9 FUEL SYSTEM .............................. 6-51
6-9-1 FUEL QUANTITY INDICATOR ................. 6-51
6-9-2 FUEL SELECTORS ........................ 6-52
6-9-3 ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPS .................... 6-52
6-9-4 PRIMER BUTTONS ....................... 6-52
6-10 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT .......................... 6-53
6-10-1 FLIGHT DIRECTOR ....................... 6-53
6-10-2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR AND AUTOPILOT PANEL ........ 6-54
6-10-3 AUTOPILOT MODES ...................... 6-60
6-11 ICE PROTECTION ............................ 6-64
6-11-1 ALTERNATE STATIC VALVE .................. 6-65
6-12 LIGHTS .................................. 6-65
6-13 MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS ................... 6-66
6-13-1 CLOCK AND STOPWATCH ................... 6-66
6-13-2 THERMOMETER ......................... 6-67
6-13-3 REGISTRATION PLATE ..................... 6-68
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AL250 Flight Manual
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General AL250 Flight Manual
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0 General
0-1 INTRODUCTION ......................... 0-3
0-2 REVISIONS LOG ......................... 0-4
0-3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................... 0-5
0-4 EMERGENCY STOP ....................... 0-6
0-5 USING THIS MANUAL ...................... 0-7
0-6 GLOSSARY ............................ 0-8
0-7 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ................... 0-13
0-7-1 Speed ........................... 0-13
0-7-2 Distance .......................... 0-13
0-7-3 Mass ............................ 0-13
0-7-4 Volume ........................... 0-13
0-7-5 Volume/Mass Relation .................. 0-13
0-7-6 Pressure .......................... 0-14
0-7-7 Temperature ........................ 0-14
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-1

General AL250 Flight Manual
MEP
©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved
Disclosure of this information is restricted
This document is the sole property of ALSIM customers. You shall agree not to disclose,
reproduce or transfer this document in whole or in part, without the express written consent
of ALSIM.
All product names mentioned in this manual may be registered trademarks and are recognized
as such, even if not expressly marked.
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-2

General
INTRODUCTION
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-1 INTRODUCTION
This is the flight manual for the ALSIM Flight Training Device model AL250.
The flight modelling software represents a generic twin piston engined flight model with classic
instrumentation.
This manual contains the information needed by the pilot to operate the trainer. The proce-
dures presented are the result of ALSIM’s knowledge and experience up to the date of issue
of the manual or its latest revision. The manual is not intended to be a guide for basic flight
instruction or a training manual.
For information on the Instructor Station, please refer to the Instructor’s Manual, for main-
tenance information to the Maintenance Manual.
Please address all comments, questions or suggestions to
ALSIM
66 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie
44430 Le Loroux Bottereau
FRANCE
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-3

General
REVISIONS LOG
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-2 REVISIONS LOG
Rev. No. Description Issue Date Page(s) Affected
1.1 Performance Pitch Values Revised 09/11/2017 4-1
1.1 Service Ceiling Added 09/11/2017 4-1
1.1 Added Vacuum Pump Failure procedure 09/11/2017 3-15
1.2 Minor Updates to Normal Procedures Chapter 19/04/2018 2-1
1.3 Updated Performance Table 08/08/2018 4-1
1.3 Added ALSIM ALA-500 section 08/08/2018 6-38
1.3 Updated EHSI section 08/08/2018 6-31
1.4 Added manual landing gear note 06/09/2018 3-13
1.5 Updated Emergency Landing Gear section 15/01/2019 6-22
1.6 Updated Electrical System diagram 06/06/2019 6-47
1.7 Added DME information to EHSI section 02/02/2021 6-31
1.8 Added Alternate Air information 12/02/2021 6-12
1.8 Added Alternate Static Valve information 12/02/2021 6-65
Table 1: Document Revisions Log
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-4

General
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-3 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
This Synthetic Training Device has been designed
for professional flight training. Whenever some-
body is "flying" it, an instructor trained to its use
must be present!
Assuming the trainer is installed correctly and in proper working order, there is only a minimum
of rules to follow:
CAUTION
Do not smoke, eat or drink in the cockpit or at the
Instructor Station!
As a user, do not open the hood covering the trainer mechanical parts! Or, if it is open, do
not close it (and don’t touch anything inside).
For further safety information, on topics such as installation, moving or cleaning of the trainer,
please see the Maintenance Manual.
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General
EMERGENCY STOP
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-4 EMERGENCY STOP
In case of an emergency (and only in this case!), use one of the emergency buttons to stop
the trainer.
There are two emergency stop buttons: One on the start/stop panel in the Instructor Station;
the second one is connected to the panel by means of a cable and can be used either inside
or outside the cockpit.
E
M
E
R
G
E
N
C
Y
S
T
O
P
Emergency
stop :
PUSH TO STOP -
POWER OFF LOCKED
TURN & PULL BEFORE
START
Figure 1: Emergency Stop
In the case of an emergency, hit the button - the electrical power supply to the trainer will
be cut.
Have the problem solved before restarting the trainer.
To restart the trainer after having pushed the emergency button, release the emergency stop
by turning it clockwise. This will make it jump out again. Then follow the start procedure.
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-6

General
USING THIS MANUAL
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-5 USING THIS MANUAL
DEFINITIONS OF WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES
WARNING
An operating procedure, technique, etc. that may
result in personal injury or loss of life if not fol-
lowed.
CAUTION
An operating procedure, technique, etc. that may
result in damage to equipment if not followed.
NOTE
An operating procedure, technique, etc. considered
essential to emphasize. Information contained in
notes may also be safety related.
Rev. 1.8 ©2021 ALSIM - All Rights Reserved 0-7

General
GLOSSARY
AL250 Flight Manual
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0-6 GLOSSARY
This is not intended as a complete list of aeronautical terminology, but is an explanation of
some of the terms used in this manual.
AC: Alternating current
ADC: Air data computer
ADF: Automatic direction finding
ADI: Attitude and direction indicator
AHRS: Attitude heading reference system
ALS: Approach Light System
AOA: Angle Of Attack (degrees)
AP: Autopilot
ATC: Air traffic control
BITD: Basic Instrument Training Device
BOW: Basic Operating Weight
BRG: Bearing
CAS: Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated speed of an aircraft, corrected for position and
instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere
at sea level.
CAT: Clear Air Turbulence
CAT I: ILS Category I approach procedure which provides for an approach to a decision
height not lower than 200 feet (60m) and a visibility not less than 2,400 feet (800m)
or a Runway Visual Range not less than 1,800 feet (550m).
CAT II: (Special authorization required) ILS Category II approach procedure which provides
for an approach to a decision height lower than 200 feet (60m) but not lower than 100
feet (30m) and a Runway Visual Range not less than 1,200 feet (350m).
CAT III: (Special authorization required) ILS Category III approach procedure which provides
for an approach with either a decision height lower than 100 feet (30m) or with no
decision height and with a Runway Visual Range not less than 700 feet (200m).
C/B: Circuit breaker
CDI: Course Deviation Indicator
DC: Direct current
DME: Distance measuring equipment
EAT: Entering Air Temperature
ECU: Engine Control Unit. Computer that measures all the necessary parameters for FADEC
calculations.
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General
GLOSSARY
AL250 Flight Manual
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EFIS: Electronic Flight Instrument System
EGT: Exhaust gas temperature
EID: Engine Instrument Display
ESI: Electronic Standby Instrument
ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
FADEC: Fully Automated Digital Engine Control. Computer that calculates the best engine
parameters according to pilot input and ECU measurements.
FCP: Flight Control Panel
FD: Flight director
FDU: Fire Detection Unit
Feathered propeller: Propeller blade at an angle which offers minimum drag and propeller
rotation is at or near zero.
FF: Fuel Flow
FMA: Flight Mode Annunciator
FNPT: Flight Navigation and Procedures Trainer (ground-based training device which repre-
sents the flight deck environment of a class of aeroplanes) - for details see the JAR-STD
3A.
FOB: Fuel on Board
g: Acceleration due to gravity
GNS: Global Navigation System
GPWS: Ground Proximity Warning System
GS: Ground Speed
G/S: Glideslope
HDG: Heading
HSI: Horizontal situation indicator
IAS: Indicated Airspeed, the speed of an aircraft as shown on the airspeed indicator.
IATA: International Airline Transport Association
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization
IDG: Integrated Drive Generator
IFR: Instrument flight rules
ILS: Instrument landing system
ILS Category IIIB (ICAO): (Special authorization required) An ILS approach procedure
which provides for an approach with either a decision height lower than 50 feet (15m)
or with no decision height and with a Runway Visual Range not less than 700 feet
(200m) but not less than 150 feet (50m).
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General
GLOSSARY
AL250 Flight Manual
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ILS Category IIIC (ICAO): (Special authorization required) An ILS approach procedure
which provides for an approach with no decision height and no Runway Visual Range
limitations.
IOS: Instructor Operating Station
IQTG: International Qualification Test Guide (RAeS Document)
ISA: International Standard Atmosphere: 15°C and 1013.2 hPa at MSL (mean sea level),
with a decrease of 6.5°C per 1000 m of altitude from MSL to 11000 m.
ITT: Interturbine temperature
JAA: Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR: Joint Aviation Requirements
JAR STD 3A: Joint Aviation Requirements regarding Aeroplane Flight & Navigation Pro-
cedures Trainers
KCAS: Calibrated airspeed in knots
KIAS: Indicated airspeed in knots
LGCUI: Landing Gear control and Interface Unit
LSK: Line Select Key
M: Mach Number
MAA: Maximum Authorized IFR Altitude
MAC: Mean Aerodynamic Chord
mb: millibar - unit for pressure (see below under ‘units’)
MALS: Medium intensity Approach Light System
MALSR: Medium intensity Approach Light System with Runway alignment indicator lights
MCC: Multi-Crew Co-operation
MCDU: Multi-function Control and Display Unit
MDA: Minimum Descent Altitude
MEA: Minimum En route IFR Altitude
MFD: Multi-Function Display
MM: Middle Marker
MOCA: Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
MQTG: Master Qualification Test Guide
MSD: Multi-System Display
MSL: Mean sea level
N1: Engine low pressure rotor revolutions per minute
N2: Engine high pressure rotor revolutions per minute
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General
GLOSSARY
AL250 Flight Manual
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NDB: Non-Directional Beacon
NWA: Nose Wheel Angle (degrees)
OAT: Outside air temperature
OBI: Omni-bearing indicator
OBS: Omni-bearing selector
OM: Outer Marker
OVRD: Override
PAPI: Precision Approach Path Indicator System
PAR: Precision Approach Radar
PAX: Passenger
PFD: Primary Function Display
Pressure altitude: Altitude measured from standard sea level pressure (1013.2 hPa) by
means of a pressure (barometric) altimeter.
psi: Pounds per square inch - unit for pressure (see below under ‘units’)
PSIG: Pounds per Square Inch Gauge
QTG: Qualification Test Guide
RA: Resolution Advisory
RMI: Radio magnetic indicator
RPM: Revolutions per minute - unless otherwise indicated, in this manual the term refers to
the propeller revolutions.
RVR: Runway Visual Range as measured in the touchdown zone area (meters or feet)
SAT: Static Air Temperature
SOC: Statement Of Compliance
SSALS: Simplified Short Approach Light System
SSALSR: Simplified Short Approach Light System with Runway alignment indicator lights
STD: Synthetic Training Device
T/O: TakeOff
TA: Traffic Advisory
TACAN: Ultra-high frequency Tactical Air Navigational aid
TAS: True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undisturbed air which is the
CAS corrected for altitude, temperature and compressiblility.
TAT: Total Air Temperature
TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System
TGFD: Trim, Gear and Flaps Display.
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General
GLOSSARY
AL250 Flight Manual
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TGT: Target
Unusable fuel: Fuel that is not available to the engine (due to tank configuration etc.)
Usable fuel: Fuel available for flight planning
VA:Maneuvering speed: Maximum speed at which application of full available aerodynamic
control will not overstress the airplane
VFE:Maximum flaps extended speed: Maximum speed with wing flaps in extended position
VFO:Maximum flaps operation speed: Maximum speed at which flaps may be extended or
retracted
VHF: Very High Frequency
VFR: Visual flight rules
VLE:Maximum landing gear extended speed: Maximum speed with landing gear extended
VLO:Maximum landing gear operating speed: Maximum speed at which the landing gear
may be extended or retracted
VMCA:Minimum control speed in flight (not applicable to single-engine aircraft): Minimum
speed at which the airplane is controllable with one engine inoperative, the other engine
at take-offpower and a bank angle of not more than 5°into the operative engine.
VMO:Maximum operating speed: Speed that may not be exceeded in normal flight operation
VNE:Never exceed speed: Speed that may never be exceeded under any circumstances
VOR: Very high frequency omni-directional range
VX:Best angle-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible
horizontal distance.
VY:Best rate-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible
time.
VYSE :Best single-engine rate-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the
shortest possible time with one engine inoperative.
SBAS: Satellite Based Augmentation System. Where available, enables aircraft to rely on
GPS for all phases of flight, including precision approaches to any airport within its
coverage area.
WAT: Weight, Altitude, Temperature
WAL: Warning and Advisory List
Windmilling propeller: Propeller rotating from airstream inputs
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