Apogee APL-10 User manual

APL-10, APL-12, & APL-SB
SELF-POWERED CONCERT
SUBWOOFER SYSTEM MANUAL

© 2003 Apogee Sound International, LLC
Specifications subject to change without notice.
A 42-0835 / B 55-0040-01C Printed in U.S.A. 0308

2
Notice
Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this guide was complete and accurate at the time of
printing. However, information is subject to change.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNING:To Reduce The Risk of Fire Or Electric Shock, Do Not Expose This Apparatus To Rain Or
Moisture.
Always follow these basic safety precautions when installing and using the unit:
1.Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions.
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Clean only with dry cloth.
7. DO NOT block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus
(including amplifiers) that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two
blades with one wider than the other. A grounding-type plug has two blades and a third grounding
prong.The wide blade, or the third prong, are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not
fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly at plugs, convenience
receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.
11.Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.
12. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.
13. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been
damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects
have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate
normally, or has been dropped.
CAUTION: TO PREVENT THE RISK OF ELECTRIC
SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO
USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING
TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to
alert the user to the presence of important operating and mainte-
nance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the
appliance.
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral tri-
angle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated
"dangerous voltage" within the product's enclosure that may be of
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN

Table of Contents Precautions & Safety Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Concept of Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
AC Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Audio Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Signal Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Using the APL-10, -12, and -SB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Troubleshooting & Field Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Amplifier Panel Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Line Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Warranty Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IBC
3

English
• To reduce the risk of electric shock, disconnect the AC mains power cable
before installing audio cable. Reconnect the power cord only after making all
signal connections.
• Connect the loudspeaker only to a three-pole, three-wire grounding mains
receptacle. The receptacle must be connected to a fuse or circuit breaker.
Connection to any other type of receptacle poses a shock hazard and may
violate local electrical codes.
• Do not install the speaker in wet or humid locations without using weath-
er protection equipment from Apogee Sound.
• Do not allow water or any foreign object to get inside the loudspeaker. Do
not put objects containing liquid on, or near, the unit.
• To reduce the risk of overheating the loudspeaker, avoid exposing it to
direct sunlight. Do not install the unit near heat-emitting devices or appli-
ances, such as a room heater or stove.
•The loudspeaker contains potentially hazardous voltages. Do not attempt to
disassemble the unit. The unit contains no user-serviceable parts. Repairs
should be performed only by factory trained service personnel.
Francais
• Pour réduire le risqué d’électrocution, débrancher la prose principale de
l’haut-parleur, avant d’installer le cable d’interface allant à l’audio. Ne
rebrancher le bloc d’alimentation qu’après avoir effectué toutes les connec-
tions.
• Branchez l’haut-parleur dans une prise de courant à 3 dérivations (deux
pôles et la terre). Cette prose doit être munie d’une protection adéquate
(fusible ou coupe-circuit). Le branchement dans tout autre genre de prose
pourrait entraîner un risqué d’électrocution et peut constituer une infraction
à la réglementation locale concernant les installations électriques.
• Ne pas installer l’haut-parleur dans un endroit où il y a de l’eau humidité
excessive.
• Ne pas laisser de l’eau ou tout objet pénétrer dans l’haut-parleur. Ne pas
placer decipients contenant un liquide sur cet appareil, ni à proximité de
celuici.
• Pour éviter une surchauffe de l’haut-parleur, conserver-la à l’abri du soleil.
Ne pas installer à proximité d’appareils dégageant de la chaleur tells que radi-
ateurs ou appareils de chauffage.
Precautions &
Safety Notes
4

• Ce haut-parleur contient des circuits haute tension présentant un danger.
Ne jamais essayer de le démonter. Il n’y a aucun composant qui puisse être
réparé par l’utilisateur.Toutes les reparations doivent être effectuées par du
personnel qualifié et agree par le constructeur.
Deutsch
• Um die Gefahr eines slektrischen Schlages auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren,
den Lautsprecher vom Stromnetz trennen, bevor ggf. Ein Audio-
Schnittstellensignalkabel angeschlossen wird. Das Netzkabel erst nach
Herstellung aller Signalverbindungen wieder einstecken.
• Der Lautsprecher an eine geerdete zweipolige Dreiphasen-Netzsteckdose
anschließen. Die Steckdose muß mit einem geeigneten Abzweigschutz
(Sicherung oder Leistungsschalter) verbunden sein. Der Anschluß der unter-
brechungsfreien Stromversorgung an einen anderen Steckdosentyp kann zu
Stromschlägen führen und gegen die örtlichen Vorschriften verstoßen.
• Der Lautsprecher nict an einem Ort aufstellen, an dem sie mitWasser oder
übermäßig hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit in Berührung kommen könnte.
• Darauf achet, daß weder Wasser noch Fremdkörper in das Innere den
Lautsprecher eindringen. Keine Objekte, die Flüssigkeit enthalten, auf oder
neben die unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung stellen.
• Um ein Überhitzen dem Lautsprecher zu verhindern, das Gerät vor direk-
ter Sonneneinstrahlung fernhalten und nicht in der Nähe von wämeab-
strahlenden Haushaltsgeräten (z.B. Heizgerät oder Herd) aufstellen.
• Im Inneren diesem Lautsprecher herrschen potentiell gefährliche
Spannungen. Nicht versuchen, das Gerät zu öffnen. Es enthält keine vom
Benutzer reparierbaren Teile. Reparaturen dürfen nur von ausgebildetem
Kundenienstpersonal durchgeführt werden.
Español
• Para reducir el riesgo de descarga eléctrica, desconecte de la red el altopar-
lante antes de instalar el cable de señalización de interfaz de la segnale.Vuelva
a conectar el conductor flexible de alimentación solamente una vez efectu-
adas todas las interconexiones de señalizatción.
• Conecte el altoparlante a un tomacorriente bipolar y trifilar con neutro de
puesta a tierra. El tomacorriente debe estar conectado a la protección de
derivación apropiada (ya sea un fusible o un disyuntor). La conexión a
cualquier otro tipo de tomacorriente puede constituir peligro de descarga
eléctrica y violar los códigos eléctricos locales.
5

• No instale el altoparlante en lugares donde haya agua o humedad excesiva.
• No deje que en el altoparlante entre agua ni ningún objeto extraño. No
ponga objetos con líquidos encima de la unidad ni cerca de ella.
• Para reducir el riesgo de sobrecalentamiento, no exponga la inidad a los
rayos directos del sol ni la instale cerca de artefactos que emiten calor, como
estufas o cocinas.
• Este altoparlante contiene niveles de voltaje peligrosos en potencia. No
intente desarmar la unidad, pues no contiene piezas que puedan ser repar-
das por el usuario. Las reparaciones deben efectuarse únicamente por parte
del personal de mantenimiento capacitado en la fábrica.
6

The Concept
of Integration
Why a Powered Loudspeaker?
Apogee’s powered speaker systems further the company’s original concept
of processor-based loudspeakers. By combining advanced electronic signal
processing with precisely matched amplifiers and integrating this package into
the speaker enclosure itself, a number of engineering improvements result.
Some of these are:
• The internal signal processor corrects driver and enclosure anomalies, and
provides required crossovers, time-domain alignment, and protection cir-
cuits.
• The amplifier’s power output, headroom, frequency response and dynamic
range are optimized for each model of loudspeaker system.
• The gain structure of the signal processor and amplifiers are always per-
fectly matched.
Introduction Apogee Powered Loudspeaker Systems are highly-engineered products that
combine advanced-technology amplifiers, sophisticated signal processing, and
state-of-the-art drivers housed in rugged, roadworthy loudspeaker enclo-
sures. They are suitable for a wide variety of applications, ranging from
portable use for shows and events in all types of venues to permanent instal-
lations in auditoriums, churches, theaters, stadiums, meeting rooms, board-
rooms, and similar locations.
The APL-10,APL-12, and APL-SB are large format, high-powered subwoofers,
capable of providing clean,undistorted low frequency sound at very high out-
put levels.They form powerful arrays when used in multiples with like units.
The enclosures are designed for easy truck-packing and handling, and can be
safely flown from their built-in rigging points.They are designed to augment
Apogee’s full-range powered speaker family, but they are equally effective
when used with conventional, non-powered loudspeakers. The APL
-10, -12, and -SB feature extended bass down to 38 Hz, 32 Hz, and 35 Hz,
respectively, rapid transient response, and exceptionally low distortion, mak-
ing them capable of fulfilling a wide range of professional sound reinforce-
ment requirements.
Apogee powered products are exhaustively engineered and finely crafted.
They will provide years of trouble-free service if care is taken in their use and
maintenance. It is recommended that you read this manual and retain it in a
convenient location for future reference.
7

• An integrated speaker system is able to use current sensors as well as volt-
age sensors (VIProtect™) to provide information to the processor’s protec-
tion circuits.The result is more accurate control of the drivers’ mechanical
and thermal limits, and therefore better protection under abusive conditions.
• The amplifier output cables are kept to very short lengths, thereby reduc-
ing cable losses to nearly zero.
These engineering advancements result in the following benefits:
• All aspects of the loudspeaker system’s performance are maximized. Sonic
quality, power output capability, flatness of response, distortion, and behavior
under abusive conditions meet remarkably high standards.
• Reliability is increased because the internal amplifiers deliver appropriate
power levels to the drivers, without danger of over-powering or under-pow-
ering.
• Setup is quick and easy - all key circuitry is self-contained and factory-inter-
connected.There is no longer a need for the time-consuming mounting and
wiring of processors and amplifiers in outboard rack enclosures.
• Powered speakers save valuable truck and stage space previously allocated
for amplifier racks. Load-ins and load-outs are quicker and easier than with
conventional systems.
• Powered speakers weigh less than equivalent non-powered speakers and
amp racks, resulting in easier handling and reduced shipping costs.
• Powered speakers cost less and offer higher value than the equivalent non-
powered speaker, processor, amplifier, and rack combination.
8

(1)AC Power Connector and Cable
The APL-10, -12, and -SB use a PowerCon®3-pole AC mains connector for
their power inlet (see Figure #1). When joined to the mating PowerCon
connector supplied with the AC line cord, the connector pair locks in place
to prevent inadvertent disconnection. PowerCon connectors are durable,
inexpensive, and readily obtainable.
The AC PowerCon cable assembly provided with your APL-10, -12, or -SB is
equipped with an AC mains plug compatible with the power service in the
country of sale. If you need to change this plug or to construct special pur-
pose power cables, the wiring must follow the convention shown in Figure #2.
9
AC Power
Requirements
Figure 2
Figure 1
Brown - Hot
Blue - Neutral
Yellow/Green - Earth Ground

(2) Voltage Range
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are manufactured for nominal line voltages of either
120V AC or 230V AC.
NOTE:The 120V AC model is suitable for use at 100V AC with only a small
reduction in power capability.
Before applying power, carefully check the Line
Voltage Label on the rear
panel located by the AC Mains Power Input connector to insure compatibil-
ity with the local AC mains supply. If your conditions of use change, the APL-
10, -12, and -SB can be modified for alternate line voltage by a qualified serv-
ice technician.You will need to contact your Apogee dealer or distributor and
request a powered subwoofer line voltage adapter kit for each powered sub-
woofer that you wish to change.These kits are available in two versions: to
adapt a unit manufactured for 120V AC to 230V AC, or, to adapt a unit man-
ufactured for 230V AC to 120V AC.
The 120V AC version will function safely within a range of 90V to 132V.
The 230V AC version will function safely within a range of 200V to 253V.
Voltages above the rated maximum should be avoided at all times or damage
may occur!
10
Figure 3
All AC power plugs must always be of the 3-pole grounding type.
Interior of PowerCon connector showing the wiring terminal
DO NOT DEFEAT THE GROUND CONNECTION BY USING
AN AC GROUND LIFT ADAPTER, OR BY CUTTING THE
GROUND PIN OF THE AC POWER PLUG.
Hot
Neutral
Ground

Max. Continuous Amperes
APL-10 / APL-12
APL-SB
Typical Program Conditions
100 / 120V AC
19.6 ARMS
14 ARMS (OR LESS)
9.8 ARMS
7 ARMS (OR LESS)
240V AC
(3) Current Requirements
All power amplifiers require sufficient current for proper operation and the
amplifiers designed into Apogee powered loudspeakers are no exception.
Chart #1shows the required current for one APL-10, -12, or -SB at three
standard international working voltages (120, 240, & 100V AC). Because cur-
rent drain is ultimately a function of the program source, Chart #1shows
both the theoretical maximum, and what can be expected under typical high-
level program conditions:
We recommend powering no more than one APL-10 or one APL-12 from a
single 20A, 120V AC circuit, and no more than two APL-10s or APL-12s from
a single 20A, 240V AC circuit, thereby allowing a margin for line loss and/or
lower than normal voltages.
For the APL-SB, we recommend powering no more than two units from a
single 20A, 120V AC circuit, and no more than four units from a single 20A,
240V AC circuit, thereby allowing a margin for line loss and/or lower than
normal voltages.
To determine the total current requirement for a system of powered loud-
speakers, simply add their Maximum Continuous RMS Currents together,
then calculate a safety margin of 25% or greater.
If special length AC cables are required for your powered speakers, they
should be constructed of durable, high-quality portable cordage such as S,
SO, or SJO type.
Chart 2 provides the basic guidelines of The National Electric Code for four
common gauges of copper wire related to permissible load in amperes.
11
Chart 1
Max. Continuous Amperes
Typical Program Conditions
100 / 120V AC
9.8 ARMS
7 ARMS (OR LESS)
4.9 ARMS
3.5 ARMS (OR LESS)
240V AC

AWG# 86°F (30°C) 104°F (40°C)
14
12
10
8
15 A
20 A
25 A
35 A
12.3 A
16.4 A
20.5 A
28.7 A
6.9 A
8.7 A
14.5 A
20.3 A
Ambient Temperature
For safety reasons, the maximum ratings in the table below should never be
exceeded.
As you can readily see from Chart 2, the maximum permissible current rat-
ings decrease rapidly as the ambient temperature rises. Carefully consider
the ambient temperature in which the equipment will be used when deter-
mining appropriate wire gauge size.
12
122°F (50°C)
Chart 2
(4) Voltage Drop
Another important consideration in determining appropriate wire gauge is
the voltage drop that occurs across the cable’s resistance.This is a function
of the gauge and the length of the conductors, the current drawn by the load,
and the AC mains voltage. Generally speaking, the permissible voltage drop
should not exceed 2.5% of the working voltage for audio loads. Chart 3
shows voltage drop as a percentage of the nominal working voltage for typ-
ical lengths of cables in #14 AWG, #12 AWG, #10 AWG, and #8 AWG at
120V AC and 240V AC.The shaded areas show cable lengths and loads that
result in 2.5% or less of voltage drop.
(NOTE:AWG means American Wire Gauge.)
Chart 2 applies to three-conductor portable cordage of the types S, SO, SP,
SPT, SJ, and SJO, which are typically rated at a maximum operating tempera-
ture of 140°F (60° C). (NOTE: Operating temperature is the heat generated
within the cable from the voltage drop added to the ambient temperature.)
Chart 2 covers ambient temperatures of 86°F (30°C), 104°F (40°C), & 122°F
(50°C).

13
#14 AWG, 120V AC #14 AWG, 240V AC
Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A
25' 0.6% 1.2% 1.8% 2.4% 25' 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 1.2%
50' 1.2% 2.4% 3.6% 4.9% 50' 0.6% 1.2% 1.8% 2.4%
75' 1.8% 3.6% 5.5% 7.3% 75' 0.9% 1.8% 2.7% 3.6%
100' 2.4% 4.9% 7.3% 9.7% 100' 1.2% 2.4% 3.6% 4.9%
125' 3.0% 6.1% 9.1% 12.2% 125' 1.5% 3.0% 4.6% 6.1%
150' 3.6% 7.3% 10.9% 14.6% 150' 1.8% 3.6% 5.5% 7.3%
175' 4.3% 8.5% 12.8% 17.0% 175' 2.1% 4.3% 6.4% 8.5%
200' 4.9% 9.7% 14.6% 19.5% 200' 2.4% 4.9% 7.3% 9.7%
225' 5.5% 10.9% 16.4% 21.9% 225' 2.7% 5.5% 8.2% 10.9%
250' 6.1% 12.2% 18.2% 24.3% 250' 3.0% 6.1% 9.1% 12.2%
275' 6.7% 13.4% 20.1% 26.8% 275' 3.3% 6.7% 10.0% 13.4%
300' 7.3% 14.6% 21.9% 29.2% 300' 3.6% 7.3% 10.9% 14.6%
#12 AWG, 120V AC #12 AWG, 240V AC
Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A
25' 0.4% 0.8% 1.1% 1.5% 25' 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8%
50' 0.8% 1.5% 2.3% 3.1% 50' 0.4% 0.8% 1.1% 1.5%
75' 1.1% 2.3% 3.4% 4.6% 75' 0.6% 1.1% 1.7% 2.3%
100' 1.5% 3.1% 4.6% 6.1% 100' 0.8% 1.5% 2.3% 3.1%
125' 1.9% 3.8% 5.7% 7.7% 125' 1.0% 1.9% 2.9% 3.8%
150' 2.3% 4.6% 6.9% 9.2% 150' 1.1% 2.3% 3.4% 4.6%
175' 2.7% 5.4% 8.0% 10.7% 175' 1.3% 2.7% 4.0% 5.4%
200' 3.1% 6.1% 9.2% 12.3% 200' 1.5% 3.1% 4.6% 6.1%
225' 3.4% 6.9% 10.3% 13.8% 225' 1.7% 3.4% 5.2% 6.9%
250' 3.8% 7.7% 11.5% 15.3% 250' 1.9% 3.8% 5.7% 7.7%
275' 4.2% 8.4% 12.6% 16.8% 275' 2.1% 4.2% 6.3% 8.4%
300' 4.6% 9.2% 13.8% 18.4% 300' 2.3% 4.6% 6.9% 9.2%
#10 AWG, 120V AC #10 AWG, 240V AC
Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A
25' 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 1.0% 25' 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5%
50' 0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 1.9% 50' 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 1.0%
75' 0.7% 1.4% 2.2% 2.9% 75' 0.4% 0.7% 1.1% 1.4%
100' 1.0% 1.9% 2.9% 3.8% 100' 0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 1.9%
125' 1.2% 2.4% 3.6% 4.8% 125' 0.6% 1.2% 1.8% 2.4%
150' 1.4% 2.9% 4.3% 5.8% 150' 0.7% 1.4% 2.2% 2.9%
175' 1.7% 3.4% 5.0% 6.7% 175' 0.8% 1.7% 2.5% 3.4%
200' 1.9% 3.8% 5.8% 7.7% 200' 1.0% 1.9% 2.9% 3.8%
225' 2.2% 4.3% 6.5% 8.7% 225' 1.1% 2.2% 3.2% 4.3%
250' 2.4% 4.8% 7.2% 9.6% 250' 1.2% 2.4% 3.6% 4.8%
275' 2.6% 5.3% 7.9% 10.6% 275' 1.3% 2.6% 4.0% 5.3%
300' 2.9% 5.8% 8.7% 11.5% 300' 1.4% 2.9% 4.3% 5.8%
#8 AWG, 120V AC #8 AWG, 240V AC
Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A Length in Feet 5A 10A 15A 20A
25' 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6% 25' 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3%
50' 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 1.2% 50' 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6%
75' 0.5% 0.9% 1.4% 1.8% 75' 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9%
100' 0.6% 1.2% 1.8% 2.4% 100' 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 1.2%
125' 0.8% 1.5% 2.3% 3.0% 125' 0.4% 0.8% 1.1% 1.5%
150' 0.9% 1.8% 2.7% 3.6% 150' 0.5% 0.9% 1.4% 1.8%
175' 1.1% 2.1% 3.2% 4.2% 175' 0.5% 1.1% 1.6% 2.1%
200' 1.2% 2.4% 3.6% 4.8% 200' 0.6% 1.2% 1.8% 2.4%
225' 1.4% 2.7% 4.1% 5.5% 225' 0.7% 1.4% 2.0% 2.7%
250' 1.5% 3.0% 4.5% 6.1% 250' 0.8% 1.5% 2.3% 3.0%
275' 1.7% 3.3% 5.0% 6.7% 275' 0.8% 1.7% 2.5% 3.3%
300' 1.8% 3.6% 5.5% 7.3% 300' 0.9% 1.8% 2.7% 3.6%
POWER CABLE VOLTAGE DROP (IN PERCENTAGE OF NOMINAL VOLTAGE)
Chart 3

It’s useful to note the benefit of operating a powered loudspeaker system at
higher voltages (when possible). At 240V AC, current consumption is half
that of 120V AC and the resultant voltage drop for a given cable size and
length decreases by a factor of 4.This means that the cable can be four times
longer when used at 240V AC than at 120V AC. Higher voltages are
more efficient!
(1) Input Impedance and Level
The APL-10, -12, and -SB were designed to receive a balanced-line signal on
their 3-pin female XLR type connector.They are also equipped with a 3-pin
Male XLR output connector, labeled “loop-through,” intended for the pur-
pose of daisy-chaining multiple powered speakers together on a common sig-
nal feed.These input and output connectors are hard-wired in parallel; that is
to say, no active or passive buffer exists between the two connectors, they
are simply wired in parallel.This means that the loop-through connector will
always remain functional, even if AC power is interrupted to a speaker
“upstream” of other speaker(s) on the same feed circuit.
The input impedance is 10k-ohm, active balanced, and is intended to receive
a nominal +4 dBv input level (+4 dBv = full power). Because it’s common
practice to loop quite a few powered speakers together on a shared feeder
circuit, care must be taken to insure that the signal source is capable of driv-
ing the group of powered loudspeakers. For example, ten APL-12s present a
1k-ohm load to the signal source.This is well within the capability of most
line-level output drivers, but depending on the output impedance of the
source, some loss in level may occur.The formula to calculate such loss is:
For example, let’s say you’re driving ten APL-12s with a 100-ohm source
impedance.The formula to calculate loss would then be:
NOTE: It is important to be aware of the potential losses that may occur
from combining multiple powered speakers on the same feed circuit.This is
particularly important when attempting to adjust audio levels among a large
system that employs multiple feed circuits with different numbers of pow-
ered speakers on each feed.
Audio Signals
14
VS
RS
RIx VI
Voltage Loss (dB) = 20 *Log [ ]
RIx
RIx RS
+
()
Where: RS= Source Equipment Output Impedance
RIx =Combined Input Impedance of all APL Speakers
Note: VS=Unloaded Source Equipment Signal Voltage
VI= Loaded Signal Input Voltage to APL Speakers
Voltage Loss (dB) = 20 *Log [ ] = – 0.83 dB
1000+100
1000
()

(2) Input and Output Connectors
The input and output connectors are wired as follows:
XLR Pin # Function
Pin 1Earth & Chassis Ground
Pin 2 Signal + DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
Pin 3 Signal - DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
Connector Case Earth & Chassis Ground
A positive signal applied to pin 2 of the XLR will result in a positive acoustic
pressure wave (excursion) appearing at the front of the drivers in the speak-
er system. Conversely, a positive signal appearing at pin 3 of the XLR will
result in a negative acoustic pressure wave (recursion) appearing at the front
of the speaker system’s drivers.
(3) Phase Reverse Switch
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are equipped with an input polarity-reversal switch
(also called a phase reverse switch), located adjacent to its XLR input con-
nector.When this switch is in the UP position (labeled Pin 2+), the descrip-
tion in Section 2 - "Input and Output Connectors" is correct. With this
switch in the DOWN position (labeled Pin 3+), the phase relationship will be
reversed.When the switch is DOWN, a positive signal applied to pin 2 of the
XLR will result in a negative acoustic pressure wave (recursion) appearing at
the front of the drivers in the speaker system. Conversely, a positive signal
appearing at pin 3 of the XLR will result in a positive acoustic pressure wave
(excursion) appearing at the front of the speaker system. More about the
appropriate use of this switch can be found in the, "Using the APL-10, -12,
and -SB" section.
Except in highly unusual circumstances, all subwoofers used in a common
sound system should have their Phase-Reverse Switches set in identical posi-
tions.
It is important to be aware of the position of the Phase Reverse Switch when
preparing to place the speaker in a difficult-to-reach location, such as when
flown. If by chance the APL-10, -12, or -SB is placed in an inaccessible loca-
tion and the Phase Reverse Switch is in the opposite position from that
which is desired, a common phase-reverse barrel-type line adapter can be
used to swap the polarity of pin 1and pin 2, thereby achieving the same
result as changing the position of the switch.
(4) High-Pass Output
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are equipped with a 100 Hz,24 dB/octave High-Pass
Output.This output produces a signal that is identical in gain to the input sig-
15

nal (unity gain), but with a high-pass filter applied. It is intended to be
employed as a crossover, if desired, for the full-range speakers used with
Apogee’s powered subwoofer(s).The output signal is balanced and filtered to
avoid DC offset. It is designed to feed a +4 dBv (nominal) line-level input.The
line driver in the APL-10, -12, and -SB is of an advanced design (Analog
Devices SSM 2141) that can easily drive a load as low as 1000 ohms. This
means that quite a few full-range speakers can be fed from this output simul-
taneously.
If multiple subwoofers are present in a system and the full-range speakers are
to be high-passed, it is prudent to use more than one high-pass output for
the sake of redundancy. If a large portion of the system is fed by a single high-
pass output and that output ceases to function due to power interruption or
any other reason, the resultant system failure would be more extensive than
necessary.
(5) Using the High-Pass Output
The High-Pass Output is especially effective when full-range speakers, such as
APL-500s,APL-220s, or APL-800s, are positioned on or adjacent to the APL-
10, -12, or -SB. In such a case, an overlap will occur between the low fre-
quency output of the full-range speaker and the output of the subwoofer. By
using the High-Pass Output, the full-range speakers can be “crossed over,”
eliminating a low frequency peak that would otherwise occur.
Using the High-Pass output reduces the low frequency power demand on the
high-passed full-range speaker; this allows the full-range speaker to operate
more efficiently, and in most cases, be played at higher levels before protec-
tive limiting is engaged.
NOTE: When the full-range speakers are NOT positioned on or near the
APL-10, -12, or -SB but flown some height above the subwoofer(s) or oth-
erwise located some distance from the subwoofer(s), it may be better not to
use the High-Pass Output to feed the full-range speakers because doing so
could result in a ‘disjointed’ sound quality. If most of the information below
100 Hz is coming from the subwoofers on the floor and all higher frequen-
cy information is coming from the speakers flown high overhead, a loss of
acoustic integration between the systems may result. For this reason, we rec-
ommend that you listen carefully to the system with the High-Pass filter both
IN and OUT of the circuit, to see which mode provides the most desirable
results.
(6) Signal Indicator
The APL-10, 12 and SB are all equipped with a green LED Signal Indicator.
This indicator receives its signal from the VIProtect™voltage and current
sensor circuit, and is intended to be used for verification that the subwoofers
16

are working properly.The LED will illuminate only if the following three con-
ditions are met: audio is present at the input connector; the amplifier(s) are
operating properly, and the LF drivers are functioning properly.This indicator
is especially useful as an aid in visually checking large systems, where failure
of one subwoofer might otherwise go unnoticed.
(1) Overview
The internal amplification package in both the APL-10 and -12 consists of
dual, fully-independent power supplies and dual, fully-independent 1000-watt
power amplifiers.
The APL-SB includes one power supply and one 1000-watt power amplifier.
These amplifiers and power supplies use numerous, proprietary design fea-
tures that result in extremely low distortion, high reliability, and a very low
heat by-product. No fans are used or needed, eliminating the risk of a
mechanical device becoming noisy during a quiet performance due to bear-
ing wear or contamination.The absence of fans also greatly simplifies main-
tenance, by eliminating the need to regularly check and clean air intake filters.
Patented Primary Drive Control™power supplies drastically reduce the
overall size and weight of each speaker. Each 1000-watt amplifier, also patent-
ed, uses an output configured as class A/B but with the advantage of inte-
grated, continuously tracking supply rails,thereby maintaining minimal voltage
drop through the output devices regardless of amplitude. The result is effi-
ciency that rivals a switching-type amplifier, but with the sound quality of a
linear amp.
The unique design of the amplifiers also results in the ability to provide
exceptional transient response. This equates to a wider dynamic range and
more low-frequency “punch” than that of conventional amplifiers of a similar
power rating.
(2) Special Functions
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are equipped with a SLEEP mode.After initial acti-
vation, the system constantly seeks an input signal. If no signal is present for
approximately 30 minutes, the SLEEP circuitry will shut down the main
power supplies, the amplifier, and all but one section of the processor.When
in sleep mode, the yellow LED labeled SLEEP will illuminate on the rear panel.
Whenever a signal does occur, the system will rapidly “wake up,” ready for
use.The system awakens with a signal of any nature, from 20 Hz to 10 kHz,
applied at a level of -20 dBu or greater.
Amplifiers
17

SLEEP mode greatly extends the life of the components, and reduces power
consumption at idle. It makes APL-10, -12, and -SB products appropriate for
locations where it may be difficult to access the speaker for routine power-
up and power-down.
NOTE: If the system is to be left for long periods of time without use, it is
recommended that power be removed as a safety measure. In some regions,
power lines are subject to large voltage spikes from electrical storms or gen-
erator malfunction. If the power cable is removed, such occurrences cannot
damage the unit.
When installing and using the APL-10, -12, or -SB, some simple precautions
should be followed.These include:
(1) Maintain Proper Air Flow
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are radiant- and convection-cooled devices.The alu-
minum heat-exchanger mounted on the rear surfaces provides primary cool-
ing of the system. Care must be taken to locate the units away from heat reg-
isters, heat-generating appliances, lighting equipment, and any other appara-
tus that could raise the temperature of the nearby air.
The APL-10, -12, and -SB require unimpeded air circulation in order to func-
tion properly (this is especially important when multiple units are used in
stacked and/or tight-pack configurations). The APL’s rear surface should be
located at least 18" away from walls and/or ceilings. Lamps, especially of the
high intensity or theatrical type, should never be allowed to shine directly on
the heat exchanger.
(2) Ambient Temperature
The APL-10, -12, and -SB are designed to be used in ambient temperatures
ranging from 32°F - 113°F (0°C - 45°C). Higher or lower temperatures
could cause system shutdown or result in early component failure. When
used outdoors on a hot day, take precautions to avoid direct sunlight on the
rear heat exchanger. Direct, intense sunlight can raise the temperature of the
heat exchanger to a point where the amplifiers may be required to shut-
down to avoid permanent damage.
(3) More About Heating and Cooling
The APL-10, -12, and -SB have a relatively complex thermal dynamic system.
They contain several heat sources (amplifiers, power supplies, and drivers)
that generate significant heat but only when program material is being repro-
duced.They are cooled primarily through heat radiation from the rear panel
Installation
18

as well as by convection; and secondarily, by a small degree of air movement
generated by the cone drivers.
Because the heat output of the system is directly proportional to the dura-
tion and nature of the program material, the system may not reach thermal
stability for several hours after it is activated. For this reason, it is important
to test the system under actual conditions of use if questionable conditions
are present. Questionable conditions include:
(a) ambient temperature at or above the maximum rating
(b) intense sunlight or artificial light shining on the heat exchanger
(c) program material that runs for many hours without pause
(d) combinations of the above
Here’s a hypothetical example of what to look out for.An APL-12
might be set up outdoors in 85°F (29°C) temperature with sunlight shining
partially on the rear panel. Let’s assume it is tested during a 30-minute sound
check and all is well. Later that day, the ambient temperature rises to 99°F
(37°C) and the sunlight is now shining directly on the rear of the loudspeak-
er.The show starts, featuring dance tracks with no pause between song titles.
Under such extreme conditions, it is entirely possible that after a period of
service, the loudspeaker will shut off to protect itself from excessive heat.
Problems, such as the one described above, can be avoided by shading the
heat exchanger from direct sunlight.
(1) Basic Concept
The APL-10, -12, and -SB use a highly-advanced signal processor contained
entirely within the unit. The processor provides the functions of an asym-
metrical electronic crossover (36 dB/octave low-pass and 24 dB/octave high-
pass), fixed equalization to compensate for driver/enclosure anomalies, and
advanced protective limiting circuits. It also provides a low-frequency align-
ment circuit that acts synergistically with the enclosure’s ports.This serves to
extend the bass response well below that of a conventional enclosure of a
similar size. All circuits in the audio path utilize the highest quality, most up-
to-date semi-conductor technologies available today.
The processor is the key to the extraordinary sound quality of the loud-
speaker system. Unlike generic crossovers, either digital or analog, the APL
processor was carefully designed in tandem with the drivers and the
enclosure, to provide optimum performance.
(2) Driver Protection
Apogee APL-Series speakers utilize a specialized, highly-evolved Command
Signal Processing
19

Control limiting system.This system comprises three separate layers of pro-
tection triggered by an infinite variation of possible program conditions. Data
is received on four independent sensor circuits, including Apogee’s exclusive
VIProtect™current sensors, and is processed by an analog computer to pro-
hibit the drivers from over-excursion, excessive RMS levels, and excessive
instantaneous peak levels. By sensing voltage and current, the limiter circuits
can compensate for changes in voice coil temperature, ensuring that accurate
protection levels are always maintained.
All of this occurs without compromising dynamic range or otherwise unnat-
urally compressing the program material. The protection circuits only act
when the drivers would otherwise be damaged and, therefore, are excep-
tionally transparent. They are effectively “out of circuit” when below the
threshold of engagement.The result is an extremely clean sound quality, with
effective control of potential damage to the drivers from abusive conditions.
A limiter LED is located on the rear panel of theAPL-10, -12, and -SB, intend-
ed to indicate the deployment of the limiters. It is not uncommon to see this
LED illuminate regularly, such as on downbeats and crescendos.
If the LED appears to be "on" more than "off" (i.e., if it is continuously flash-
ing or glowing at a steady state), the loudspeaker system is being pushed too
hard for its size and power output capability.To correct this, reduce the drive
level to the speaker system, or install additional speakers to achieve the SPL
(Sound Pressure Level) required for the application.
(3) A Word About Limiters
Properly designed protective limiters can do wonders to help prevent driv-
er damage and extend normal driver life, but are by no means a panacea.
Apogee limiters do not exhibit “brick-wall” characteristics, as these type of
limiters seriously degrade sound quality. Apogee’s intelligently engineered
limiter circuits provide an excellent measure of protection, while maintaining
sonic purity.
These limiter circuits are capable of effectively reducing program levels that
would otherwise damage the system’s drivers.This takes place with little or
no loss of sonic quality or dynamic range, because the circuits are designed
so that they only engage when driver non-linearity or driver damage would
otherwise occur. However, when a limiter is pushed well past its threshold of
engagement to the point where it is continually “in circuit”, by nature, it
increases the duty-cycle of the program material. This happens because, as
the limiter decreases peak amplitudes, RMS values increase, causing the driv-
ers to heat beyond normal.Additional circuits could be employed to reduce
levels and “clamp” the output of the system, but such circuits would repre-
sent a high level of intervention and be very audible in their action.The prop-
er solution is for the operator to recognize that the system is being pushed
past its capabilities and either reduce operating levels or add additional
speaker systems to provide the desired Sound Pressure Level (SPL).
20