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AudioQuest Niagara 5000AP User manual

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Owner’s Manual
Niagara 5000aP
Low-Z Power
|
Noise-Dissipation System
2
Niagara 5000AP Features 3
Introduction 3
Installation 5
Unpacking 5
Safety Information/Warnings 5
Servicing/Return to AudioQuest 5
Power Source 5
Placement 6
Connection to Audio/Video Components 6
AC Cable Routing 6
High Current/Low-Z Power Banks 7
Level-X Ultra-Linear Noise-Dissipation System Power Outlets 7
Suggested AC Connections 9
Operation and Continuous Use 11
Power Switch/Circuit Breaker and LED Power Indicator 11
Rear-Panel Power Correction Switch/Niagara 5000AP Current Draw 11
Extreme Voltage Indicator 12
Break-in Time/Continuous Use 12
Specications 13
Trouble-Shooting Guide 14
Warranty 17
3
Niagara 5000AP Features
¡Transient Power Correction provides power ampliers a current reservoir of over 90 amps peak
(up to 25mS)
¡Patented Ground-Noise Dissipation System yields lower distortion and greater resolution from
audio, video, and digital components with grounded AC cords/circuits
¡Level-X Ultra-Linear Noise-Dissipation Technology: More than 23 octaves dierential-mode
ltering (3kHz-1GHz in excess of 24dB reduction) and 16 octaves common-mode ltering (20kHz-
100MHz in excess of 30dB reduction) with linear response, optimized for varying line and load
impedance
¡12 Low-Z NRG Series AC Power outlets: 4 High-Current Low-Z Power; 8 Level-X Ultra-Linear
Filtered Power (source components) Outlets feature thick direct-silver plating over beryllium
copper. This assures the most ecient dissipation of induced radio frequency noise possible.
Introduction
The science of AC power is not a simple one; it demands focus, and the devil is in the details. In fact, the mammoth
increase in airborne and AC-line-transmitted radio signals, combined with overtaxed utility lines and the ever-
increasing demands from high-denition audio/video components, has rendered our utilities’ AC power an
antiquated technology.
Where Alternating Current (AC) is concerned, we’re relying on a century-old technology created for incandescent
lights and electric motors—technology that was certainly never meant to power the sophisticated analog and
digital circuits used in premium audio/video systems. To properly accommodate the promise of today’s ever
increasing bandwidth and dynamic range, we must achieve extraordinarily low noise across a wide range of
frequencies.
Further, today’s power ampliers are being taxed for instantaneous peak-current demand, even when they’re
driven at modest volumes. Although we have seen a substantial increase in both dynamics and bass content
from our audio software, the loudspeakers we employ to reproduce them are no more ecient than they were
two to four decades ago. This places great demands on an amplier’s power supply, as well as the source AC
power supplying it.
Our systems’ sensitive components need better alternating current—a fact that has resulted in a host of AC
power conditioning, isolation transformers, regeneration ampliers, and battery back-up system topologies.
Through dierential sample tests and spectrum analysis, it can be proven that up to a third of a high-resolution
(low-level) audio signal can be lost, masked, or highly distorted by the vast levels of noise riding along the AC
power lines that feed our components. This noise couples into the signal circuitry as current noise and through
AC ground, permanently distorting and/or masking the source signal.
All sincere attempts to solve this problem must be applauded since once the audio/video signal is gone, it’s gone
forever…
For AudioQuest, honoring the source is never a matter of simply using premium “audiophile-grade parts” or
relying on a proprietary technology—common approaches used within the audiophile market. For years, we
have all been witness to the same, seemingly endless audiophile debates: Valves versus transistors. Analog versus
digital. Can cables really make a dierence? The debates go on and on. While we, too, can brag about our many
unique technologies, we realize that true audio/video optimization is never a matter of any one secret or exotic
circuit.When it comes to noise dissipation for AC power, many approaches can yield meaningful results. However,
they may also impart ringing, current compression, and non-linear distortions that are worse than the disease.
The Niagara 5000AP uses both our patented AC Ground Noise-Dissipation System and the widest bandwidth-
linearized noise-dissipation circuit in the industry. Our unique passive/active Transient Power Correction Circuit
4
features an instantaneous current reservoir of over 80 amps peak, specically designed for modern current-
starved power ampliers. Most AC power products featuring “high-current outlets” merely minimize current
compression; the Niagara 5000AP corrects it.
Though it’s easy to boast, it’s quite another thing to create a solution that is consistent, holistic, functional, and
that honors veriable science. It’s not enough to reduce AC line noise and its associated distortions at just one
octave, thus leaving vulnerable the adjacent octaves and octave partials to noise, resonant peaking, or insucient
noise reduction. Consistency is key. We should never accept superior resolution in one octave, only to suer from
masking eects a half-octave away and ringing artifacts two octaves from there. This is the principal criterion for
AudioQuest’s Low-Z Power Noise-Dissipation System.
The Niagara 5000AP represents over 20 years of exhaustive research and proven AC power products designed
for audiophiles, broadcast engineers, and professional-audio applications. Every conceivable detail has been
addressed: In the Niagara 5000AP, you’ll nd optimized radio-frequency lead directionality; run-in capacitor
forming technologies developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratories and NASA; and AC inlet and outlet contacts
with heavy silver plating over extreme-purity copper, assuring the tightest grip possible.
A great system is built from a solid foundation, and that foundation starts with power. With an AudioQuest
Niagara 5000AP, you’ll experience for the rst time the clarity, dimensionality, frequency extension, dynamic
contrast, and grip your system has always been capable of delivering—if only the power had been right!
We welcome you to experience the Niagara 5000AP and hear rsthand the remarkable results of highly optimized
power management: startlingly deep silences, stunning dynamic freedom, outstanding retrieval of ambience
cues, and gorgeous delineation of instruments and musicians in space. Once you’ve experienced it, it may seem
so elegant, so logical, and so fundamental that you nd yourself wondering why it hadn’t been done before.
For a comprehensive discussion on AC power technology, including everything that makes AudioQuest’s Niagara
a more eective AC power solution, please download our“Power Demystied”whitepaper at
https://www.audioquest.com/content/aq/pdf/Power-Demystied-whitepaper-8-23-18.zip
—Garth Powell, Senior Director of Engineering, AudioQuest
5
Installation | Unpacking
Before unpacking your Niagara 5000AP, inspect the carton for any obvious damage to the boxes and internal
protective materials. If internal damage is likely, contact the carrier who delivered the unit. If shipping damage is
evident on the product, then please contact your shipping carrier. Please save all shipping and packing materials.
Should you move or otherwise need to transport your Niagara 5000AP, these packing materials will ensure the
safest transportation.
The double box set should contain the Niagara 5000AP (220-240V Edison-NEMA Duplex AC Outlets), two foam
inserts, owner’s manual, Quick-Start Guide, front-panel polishing cloth, rack-mount kit, and warranty registration
card. Registration is recommended. In the event that your original ownership documents are lost, your registration
can be used to establish whether the unit is within the warranty period.
Safety Information | Warnings
Before operating the Niagara 5000AP, please read and observe all safety and operating instructions (or, at the
very least, the quick-start sheet). Retain these instructions for future reference.
¡Do not disassemble or in any way modify the Niagara 5000AP. There are no user-serviceable parts
inside.
¡Keep away from moisture and avoid excessive humidity.
¡Do not allow liquids or foreign objects to enter the unit.
Servicing | Return to AudioQuest
Servicing of the Niagara 5000AP must be performed by AudioQuest, and is only required when:
¡The Niagara 5000AP has been exposed to rain, ooding, or extreme moisture.
¡The Niagara 5000AP does not appear to operate normally. (See“Trouble-Shooting Guide.”)
¡The Niagara 5000AP has been dropped and sustained considerable physical damage.
If sending the Niagara 5000AP to AudioQuest for servicing (or shipping it for any reason), please use the factory
approved packaging materials. If you have lost any of these (double carton, two foam inserts, one poly bag),
please contact AudioQuest for replacements. We will provide replacement packaging materials for a nominal
charge; shipping costs will be paid by the individual or company requesting the packaging material. Please do
not rely on other methods of packaging, including those provided or suggested by packaging/mailing stores.
These methods and materials could seriously damage the product, as well as its nish. Even the loss of the thick
polybag is enough to permanently damage the nish during transport. If you have lost the original packaging
material, please request replacement materials from AudioQuest.
Power Source
Ideally, the power source to which the Niagara 5000AP is connected should be adequate for use at 220-240V
single phase nominal voltage, 16 amps (current capacity RMS). However, the Niagara 5000AP will operate very
well with a 10-amp service outlet. If the maximum current capacity available is 10 amps, and the system exceeds
10 amps RMS current capacity, it is possible that there may be nuisance tripping at your electrical service panel.
This is not a safety issue; the electrical panel’s circuit breaker will trip if the maximum current capacity is exceeded.
For proper operation, the Niagara 5000AP requires a safety ground (supplied via the power utility AC wall outlet).
6
Placement
The Niagara 5000AP is manufactured with four rubber textured polymer feet for safe, secure placement on any
table, cabinet, shelf, or oor. When rack-mounting is required, these feet may be removed with a standard Phillips
screwdriver. The Niagara 5000AP’s design obviates the need for compliant or high-Q isolation feet. Although
many audio/video products benet greatly from these devices, the Niagara 5000AP does not.
Placement or proximity to other components is not critical, and, under standard use, the Niagara 5000AP does
not produce any appreciable heat. The Niagara 5000AP may be rack-mounted in a standard 19”rack by attaching
the optional Niagara Series 3-RU rack ears. To attach the optional rack ears to the Niagara 5000AP chassis, rst
remove the threeTorx athead screws from the front portion of both the left and right sides of the cover assembly.
Next, mount the rack ears ush against the back of the Niagara 5000AP’s front panel. Finally, secure the rack ears
into place by installing the rack-mount kit’s Phillips pan head SEMS screws.
When tight installations do not provide adequate room in a rack, shelf, or cabinet, the Niagara 5000AP can actually
be placed on its side. Such placement will pose no safety or performance compromises, but we recommend
placing a soft towel or carpet under the unit to prevent the chassis and front panel from being scratched or
marred in any way.
Connection to Audio/Video Components
AC Cable Routing
Once the Niagara 5000AP is placed, an appropriate 16-amp-rated high-current AC cord must be connected to the
rear-panel AC inlet (IEC-C20) connector. The AC cord must have an IEC-C19 female end connector and a grounded
male 220-240VAC UK-1, UK-2, Schuko, or China plug. We highly recommend the use of any AudioQuest 16- to
20-amp-rated Wind Series or High-Current Storm Series AC cable. Because these cables feature conductors that
have been meticulously controlled for proper low-noise directionality, they will ensure the best possible results
from the Niagara 5000AP’s Ground-Noise Dissipation Technology.
When facing the Niagara 5000AP’s rear panel, the IEC-C20 inlet is located on the unit’s lower-left side. The AC inlet
cord must be connected to an appropriate AC outlet (see “Power Source,” page 6).
Whenever possible, it is best to keep at least three inches (approximately 7cm) between AC cables and any signal
cable. When this is not possible in a practical layout of system cabling, crossing the AC cables to signal cables at 90
degrees is best to minimize induced noise.
Connecting AC cables to the Niagara 5000AP’s NRG Edison AC outlets – WARNING!
The AudioQuest NRG Edison AC outlets feature the strongest grip of any commercially available AC outlet in
history. There are many reasons this was done—lower impedance, superior transient current delivery, and vastly
reduced noise are just a few. However, there is a price to be paid for superior performance: It will take some time
and patience to both insert an AC cord into and remove an AC cord from these receptacles.
We have made every eort to exercise these receptacles during testing and nal inspection, but they will still
require slow and careful “wiggling”: When either inserting a plug into these receptacles or removing an AC cord’s
male plug from the receptacles, gently move the male AC cord’s plug from side to side while providing an even
forward or backwards pressure. If you nd it is simply too dicult to insert an AC cord’s male plug into one of
the outlets, it may be that its male prongs are slightly oversized due to either its design or generous quantities of
plating material.
7
This is not a reason to return the Niagara 5000AP or abandon the use of such an AC plug! Typically, the outlet
in question can be slightly opened up by gradually exercising it with an AC plug. For this, we actually do not
recommend an AudioQuest or any other premium brand of AC cord or male plug. For exercising the outlet, obtain
from an electrical supply house or hardware store a generic three-prong 15-amp-rated AC cord or plug that aords
a generous and secure area to handle. Any will work, but the best will be those with three brass (un-plated) prongs
so that if multiple insertions are required, no nickel plating from the generic AC plug will nd its way into the
AudioQuest NRG Edison outlet.
High-Current | Low-Z Power Banks
There are two High-Current/Low-Z Power outlets (labeled“1” and “2”). These outlets feature our Transient Power
Correction Technology (90 amps peak - up to 25 mS duration) and are designed to enhance the performance
of power ampliers via our circuit’s low-impedance transient current reservoir. Power ampliers, monoblock
ampliers, integrated ampliers, powered receivers, or powered subwoofers should be connected to these
four outlets. The primary mono, stereo, or multi-channel power amplier(s) should be connected to Bank 1.
This enables the standby sense circuit, which requires the current draw of a power amplier connected to (and
only to) outlet Bank 1. In terms of sonic performance, there is no dierence between outlet Banks 1 and 2. If the
standby sense circuit is not utilized, and the sense circuit bypass switch is set to“Enabled,” any outlet on the two
banks may be utilized.
For systems with only one or two power ampliers, the two uppermost outlets of Banks 1 and 2 will provide
slightly superior performance due to their closer proximity to the AC outlets’ radio frequency noise-dissipation
circuit. However, the outlets located directly below will certainly aord exemplary performance!
Regardless of class of operation or circuit topology (valve, solid-state, digital, or otherwise), the Transient Power
Correction Circuit will not compress the current of any power amplier. Quite to the contrary, it will improve the
amplier’s performance by supplying the low-impedance current source that the amplier’s power supply so
desperately needs.
However, the other four AC outlet banks (Level-X Ultra-Linear Noise-Dissipation System), are not appropriate
for power ampliers. They have been optimized for line-level audio preampliers, DACs, universal players,
turntables, and video products that utilize constant current voltage amplier circuits. These circuits never suer
from current compression, but their lower input level and higher gain require a more robust means of noise
dissipation. This is key to the Niagara 5000AP’s discrete AC power banks, in that not every circuit is treated the
same, but rather isolated bank by bank and optimized for best performance.
Level-X Ultra-Linear Noise-Dissipation System Power Outlets
There are four banks that utilize this technology within the Niagara 5000AP. All four of these are in turn isolated
from the High-Current/Low-Z banks 1 and 2. This oers a great advantage in controlling the complex interactions
of RF (radio frequency) and other induced noises present in the AC power supplied from your utility, the noise
that will be present on and in every AC cord, and the noise that is produced within your system’s components
and that “backwashes” into the Niagara 5000AP’s output circuits.
Though it would be simple to recommend putting the digital or video components into banks 3 and 4, and
the line-level audio components and turntables into banks 5 and 6, the quest for optimal performance is more
complex. This scenario will work, and likely work well, but a certain amount of experimentation is best given
the fact that no lter can eliminate 100% of all noise. The size of many of these RF-induced waveforms possess
sinewaves as small as the edge of a piece of paper, and the interactions are complex. So long as the power
ampliers are in their appropriate banks (Outlets 1-4), and the other components are in the remaining four outlet
banks (Outlets 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12), you should experience exemplary performance. Still, for the audiophile with
patience, the reward will be system performance with the highest possible resolution and lowest possible noise.
8
To achieve that optimal performance, we recommend the following guidelines. For systems that utilize very few
components, bear in mind that it is advantageous to use the uppermost outlets in Banks 1 and 2, as they have a
closer proximity to the nal stage noise-dissipation circuits. Again, because each bank is isolated from the next,
placing a DAC and/or universal player in one isolated group, and a preamplier and turntable in another, would
be an excellent way to start. For systems that are much larger and require more outlets, try starting with the most
basic setup, then adding one component at a time. The combination that sounds best (yielding the greatest
resolution) is the best one for your system!
9
Suggested AC Connections
220-240 VAC 50Hz
16 AMPS MAXIMUM
POWER CORRECTION
123456
STANDBY
ENGAGED
HIGH CURRENT |LOW-Z POWER CORRECTION
16 AMPS RMS MAXIMUM OUTPUT
NIAGARA-5000 DESIGNED AND TESTED IN U.S.A.
16 AMPS RMS MAXIMUM OUTPUT
ULTRA-LINEAR NOISE-DISSIPATION SYSTEM
1
“Engaged”
position must be
default setting.
15-20 Amp
Rated
AC Cord
(IEC C-19)
Note: Banks 3 through 6 are subject to many variables and circuit conditions, so experimentation for
best results is encouraged. Power ampliers must be connected to Banks 1 or 2.
Stereo
Amplier
Powered
Loud-
Speaker
Powered
Loud-
Speaker
Line-Level
Preamp
Phono
Pre-
amplier
Turntable
Flat Screen
Monitor /
Projector
Cable /
Satellite
Box
Universal /
CD Player
DAC
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
10
220-240 VAC 50Hz
16 AMPS MAXIMUM
POWER CORRECTION
123456
STANDBY
ENGAGED
HIGH CURRENT |LOW-Z POWER CORRECTION
16 AMPS RMS MAXIMUM OUTPUT
NIAGARA-5000 DESIGNED AND TESTED IN U.S.A.
16 AMPS RMS MAXIMUM OUTPUT
ULTRA-LINEAR NOISE-DISSIPATION SYSTEM
2
“Engaged”
position must be
default setting.
15-20 Amp
Rated
AC Cord
(IEC C-19)
Note: Banks 3 through 6 are subject to many variables and circuit conditions, so experimentation for
best results is encouraged. Power ampliers must be connected to Banks 1 or 2.
Monoblock
Monoblock
Subwoofer
Subwoofer
Line-Level
Preamp
Phono
Pre-
amplier
Turntable Streamer
Universal /
CD Player DAC
Computer
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block
Phono Amp
Cable / Sat Box DAC
Line-Level Pre Amp
Mono Block