Cadillac 1931 V-12 User manual

CADILLAC
OPERATOR'S
MANUAL
FILE COPY
DO mr REMOVE
&
^
liMTlONNO.370-1
lit mitring </duplicate »/this Mtinmil, specif} the
above number or the engine number oj the c?r.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER \--Cadillac Service '
Cadillac-LaSalleServiceStations—Servicecard—Servicecontract-
Servicecharges—Repairparts—Theowner'sobligation-Lubrication—
Inspection.
CiiAFrER II—Operation 8 1
Locks—Ignitionswitchlock—Gasolinegauge—Throttlecontrol - '
Carburetorchokecontrol—Sparkcontrol—Starterpedal- Oil pressure
gauge—Ammetei—Clutchpedal—Transmissioncontrol-Coasting
Brakes—Lightingswitch--Danger of runningengine in closedgarage.
CHAPTER 311—Equipment21
Windshield and ventilation-WindshieldcleanerAdjustableseats
Cigarlighters—Tools—TIKES—Inllationpressure-Sparewheelcarrier
—Sparetirecarrier—Use of jack in changingtires—Changingtires -
Tirebalancingmarks.
CHAPTER IV—Lubrication29
Lubricationschedule—LubricationNotice—Lubricationchart- LU-
BRICANTS—Engineoil — Gearlubricant — Chassisgrease—Wheel
bearinggrease—Waterpumpgrease—ENGINELUBRICATION—Oil I
level—Crankcaseventilatingsystemandoilfilter—Replacing engineoil. ,
CHAPTER V—Cold Weather Operation 36S
PREPARING FOR COLDWEATHER—Anti-freezingsolutions j
Capacity ol coolingsystem—Winterlubrication-Storagebattery-
Gasolinesystem—STARTING THE ENGINE—Chokebutton -
Priming the carburetor—Position of throttlehandlever—Positionof
sparkcontrol—Use of starter—Use of acceleratorbeforeengineiswarm.
CHAPTER VI— General Care 43
Storagebattery—Coolingsystem—Gasolinefilter—Temporary brake
adjustment—BODY—Care of finish—Care ofthe top—Cleaning up-
holstery—Doorhardware.
CHAPTER VII—StoringCar 49j
Engine—Storagebattery—Tires—Body and top—Taking caroutof,
storage. [
CHAPTER VIII—Specifications and License Data . . • ^ i
W
CHAPTER lbQm,t-£.
CADILLAC SERVICE
HPHE owner ofa Cadillac carhas purchased not simply a line
1 piece of machinery,ingeniouslydesigned and carefully
built—he has purchased a pleasant and dependablemode of
transportation. The car itself is only one factor in securingthis
transportation—the otherfactor is CadillacService,which is
built upon a standard policy, clearly defined to the car owner and
guaranteeing him efficient service everywhere at standard prices under
factory regulation.
Cadillac-La SalleServiceStations
Cadillac ServiceextendswhereverCadillac and LaSallecars
are sold.Servicestations
conducted by Cadillacdistrib-
utors and dealers are designa-
ted as "AuthorizedCadillac-
La SalleServiceStations" and
are identified bythe exclusive
sign illustrated on thispage.
Wherever thissignisdisplayed,
the ownerwillfind an organ-
ization prepared to service
Cadillac cars.Thismeansprop-
er equipment,factorytrained
personnel, a stock of genuine
replacement parts and stand-
ardized policies and methods.
c-, , k • ,^,„, o ,.
1
rig. 1. AuthorizedCadillac-LaSalle
The car owner'sfirst and
sfrvicc
.statibnsdisplaythissign
at
iiic t,di uwnci » nisi aimthe serviceentrance.
most frequentcontactwith
Cadillac Servicewillnaturally beinthe servicestation ofthe
distributor or dealer who sold himthecarandwho therefore
has the greatestinterest at stake in assuring him satisfaction.
[3]

CADILLACSERVICECARD
Th4*i.te«.r<lfythat
Mr.JosephBrow
Nevertheless, he may feelperfectlyfree to use hiscarfor ex-
tendedtravelwithoutdeprivinghimself of the servicebenefits
towhich heis entitled at his localservicestation. He willfind
otherAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleServiceStationsable and
willing to render the sameservice.
ServiceCard
As a means of introduction at otherAuthorizedCadillac-
LaSalleServiceStations,everypurchaser ofa Cadillac car is
givencredentials in the form ofa ServiceCard.Thiscard is
mailed to him bythe Cadillacfactoryimmediatelyafter the
delivery ofthecaris reported bythe distributor or dealer. Itis
supplied ina celluloidcase, and is intended to be carried ina
holder onthecar.
Uponpresentation of this
ServiceCard toanyAu-
thorizedCadillac - La Salle
ServiceStation, thecar
owner is entitled to uni-
formstandardservice in
accordancewith the Cad-
illacOwnerServicePolicy.
ThisPolicy is explained
indetail ina certificate
issued to eachowner and
mailed tohim with his
ServiceCard.Briefly, it
entitles the owner to:
1. All adjustments,free ofall charges,that may be required
within 90 daysafter the originaldeliverydate (as shown on
thecard),provided the mileage of thecar does not exceed3000
and the adjustments arenot madenecessary by accident,abuse
orneglect.Thisincludeseverythingexceptlubrication,washing
andstoring.
2. Fieereplacement of any partwhich has proved tothe
CadillacMotor Car Company'ssatisfaction tobe defective in
[41
ta*fc Mwy id Cadillac «ar, EntlMNo.__300jQQQ ...
i~_.CedlUaarLA_SaHe.Sales Co-*
..Mortonville, N. Y.
sfe»i,Altl«1.XQfSQ _ andiaaniiikdtarantna
iff*OMPT7TmCli:Nf
and
COURTfOUS«r.i«(tornANV
JVAOTHORUEDCAOtLLACSeUVKtSTATIOft.VnMpr.i~.i-
9TPtte>aftfctacardha••••»•milledtoracainrank*it.ward-
«1aixa-Ilkth* I*TH» "IitwStandardCadillacSw.i» FBIM* aa
*' ' - 1 antha fcack «(thUcard.
CADILLACMOTORCARCOMPANY,Onraii.Mid..
ML
Fig. 2. TlicServiceCard,whenproperly
signed,identifies a Cadillacowner at any
authorizedCadillac-LaSalleservicestation.
material or workmanshipwithin one yearafter the delivery
date, provided the mileage of thecar does not exceed12,000 and
that the replacement wasnot madenecessary by accident,abuse
orneglect.Thisincludesmaterial and labor.
TheServiceCard is not transferable, andthe no-chargeservice
setforthabove is effectiveonlywhile thecar isin the hands of
itsoriginalowner.
StandardServiceContract
Owners may be assured of continuoussatisfactoryoperation
andmaintenance of theircars at a predetermined,economicalcost
bypurchasing a StandardServiceContract. Two contracts are
availablecoveringcompletelubrication and all adjustments and
repairsmadenecessary by normalwear. The firstContractcovers
thefirst 12 months or 12,000miles andthe secondcovers the
second 12 months or second12,000miles.
TheStandardServiceContract is based on Cadillac'sprinciple
ofpreventiveservice and insures the owner the greatestamount
ofsatisfactionwith rhe fewestpossibleinterruptions.This is
accomplished by completelubrication on schedule and regular
inspection to anticipate the need of adjustment and repair,
eliminating the necessity of servicebetweeninspections.
TheContract is recognized byall authorizedCadillac-LaSalle
servicestations inthe UnitedStates and Canadaregardless of
where the Contract was purchased. The owner is thusassured of
allContractservice duehim withoutadditionalchargewherever
he may travel, the same asif the work was performed bythe
ServiceStationfromwhich the Contract was purchased.
TheseContracts are available atall Cadillacsalesrooms and
authorizedservicestations.Owners are urged to purchase
StandardServiceContracts at the time of delivery of thenewcar.
ServiceCharges
Serviceworkotherthanthatdescribedabove is performed by
AuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleServiceStations on a flat-ratebasis.
When a car enters the servicestation, it is promptlyinspected by
atester, who thenquotes the owner an exactprice forthe work
hefinds necessary. The ownerauthorizes the work at this
price, and when he receives his bill,this isthe price he pays.
[5]

ChargesprevailingatAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleService
,.»Sta£jrpn$arebasedonstandardschedulesfurnishedbytheCadillac
S'^y« MotorCarCompany.Theseschedulescallformethodsand
toolsapprovedbythesameengineerswhodesignedandbuilt
thecar,assuringthehighestqualityofworkatthelowest
possibleprice.StandardPriceSchedulesareopentoinspection
byownersatanyAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleServiceStation.
RepairParts
GenuineCadillacparts,manufacturedtothesamerigid
specificationsasthepartsenteringintotheoriginalassemblyof
thecar,arecarriedinstockbyAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalle
ServiceStations.Theyaresoldatuniformpricesthroughout
theUnitedStates,andarenotsubjecttotheadditionofhand-
ling,exciseorothersupplementarycharges.Printedpricelists,
publishedbytheCadillacMotorCarCompany,areopento
inspectionbyownersatanyauthorizedCadillacdistributor's
ordealer'sestablishment.
TheOwner'sObligation
Alloftheseservicefacilitiesareplacedatthedisposalofthe
Cadillacowner,inorderthathiscarmaybea continuoussource
ofsatisfactionandutility.Thisresultcannotbeguaranteed,
however,unlesstheownerfulfillscertaindefiniteobligations
himself, asfollows:
1. Todrivethecaratmoderatespeedsforthefirst500miles.
2. Tooperatethecarinaccordancewiththeinstructions
containedinthismanual.
3. Tochecktheengineoillevelevery100to150miles,and
addoilasoftenasnecessarytokeeptheindicatorat"full."
4. Tocheckthetirepressureatleasteveryweek,andkeep
ituptotherecommendedpressure—40poundsinfrontandrear-
oncarsdrivenathighspeeds,45poundsinfront.
5. Toadddistilledwatertothestoragebatteryevery1000
[6]
miles, andinwarmweatherevery500miles,oratleastevery
twoweeks.
6.Tohavethecarlubricatedevery1000miles,oroncea
vmonth,inaccordancewiththelubricationscheduleonpage28.
I7.TotakethecartoanAuthorizedServiceStationfor
inspectionevery1000miles,oratleastoncea month.
Lubrication
<
IThefirstfiveitemsabovearedetailswhichdonotnecessarily
)warranta visittotheservicestation.Forlubrication,however,
theownerisurgedtopatronizeAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalle
IServiceStations,becausetheyarepreparedtofurnishthisservice
•ina mannerthatcannotbeduplicatedelsewhere.Onlyapproved
lubricantsareused,thespecificationsofwhichhavebeenworked
joutbyCadillacengineerstogivethebestpossibleresults.
WorkmenwhospecializeonCadillaccarsknowexactlywhere
lubricationpointsarelocatedandhowmuchlubricanttoapply.
Thechargeforthislubricationserviceisonlyabouthalfa cent
amile,whichincludesthecostofthelubricants.
Inspection
Preventiveserviceisa fundamentalprincipleofCadillac
'Service."Preventiveservice"isthepracticeofinspectingthe
caratregularintervalsandmakingthoseadjustmentsthatneed
attentionbeforetheneedbecomesanemergency.Inspections
shouldbemadeevery1000miles,inordertoinsuretransporta-
tionsatisfaction.AuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleServiceStations
(willmakesuchinspectionswithoutcharge,providednodis-
Imantlingofunitsisnecessary.
|TheCadillacownerisurgedtotakefulladvantageofthis,
notonlywhilethecarisnew,butthroughoutitsentirelife.
iPreventiveservicerenderedevery1,000milesoronce
iamonthbyanAuthorizedCadillac-LaSalleService
|Station,isthesurestguaranteeoflonglifeandcom-
'pletemotoringsatisfactionattheleastpossible
expense.
W

CHAPTERII
OPERATION
O
NE ofthefirstthingsthedriverofa newcarshoulddois
tofamiliarizehimselfwiththevariouscontrolsdescribed
inthefollowingchapter.
Locks
Eachcarisequippedwithtwoeachoftwodifferentkeys.
Thehandlesofonesetofkeysarehexagonalinshape:these
keysunlockthecombinationignitionswitchandtransmission
lock,thelockonthefrontdoor,thesparewheelcarrierandthfe
batterybox.Thekeysintheothersethaveovalhandles:these
keysunlocktherear doorsofchauffeurdrivencars,thereardecks
ofroadstersandcoupes,andthevariouspackagecompartments.
Thelocknumberisstampedoneachkey,butnotuponthe
faceofthelock.Theownershouldmakea recordofthekey
numbersassoonashetakesdeliveryofhiscar,sothatinthe
eventbothkeysarelost,a duplicatekeycaneasilybeobtained
froma Cadillacdistributorordealer.
Therightfrontdoorcanbelockedfromtheinsidetoprevent
intrudersfromforcingtheirwayintothecar.Thiscanbe
accomplishedsimplybyturningthekeytothelockedposition
ontheoutsidebeforeenteringthecar.Thedoorwillthenbe
lockedfromtheoutside,althoughitcanbeopenedfromthe
insideintheusualmanner.
IgnitionSwitch Lock
Thelock inthecenteroftheinstrumentpanelcontrolsboth
theignitionswitchandthetransmissionlock.Whenthekey
isturned,thecylinderofthelockwillslideoutabouthalfan
[8]
inch,turningontheignitionandunlockingthetransmission
bymeansofa cableconnectiontotheshiftershafts.Toshut
offtheignitionandlockthetransmission,turnthekeytothe
lockedpositionandpushthelockcylinderallthewayin.The
carcanbelockedwhenthetransmissionisinneutralorinreverse.
Donotattempttoshutoff"theignitionwhenthetransmissionis
inanyforwardgear.Besuretoremovethekeybeforeleaving
thecar.
Gasoline Gauge
Thegasolinegauge,marked"Fuel,"isthesmalldialonthe
extremeleft.Thisgaugeindicatesingallonsthequantityof
fuelinthetankatthe
rearofthecar,andis
operatedelectricallyby
currenttakenfromthe
ignitioncircuit.To
readfromthegauge
thequantityoffuel
inthetank,the
ignitionmustbe
turned on.
Throttle Control
Thethrottlesofthe
twocarburetorsare
controlledbya hand•
leveranda foot pedaloraccelerator.Thenormalpositionof
thehandleverfordrivingthecarisallthewayup,to"CLOSE".
Inthispositionthethrottlesofthecarburetorsareopenjust
enoughtopermittheenginetorunatidlingspeedafteritis
warm.Forstarting,however,thelevershouldbemovedapprox-
imatelyone-fourththewaydown,andshouldbeleftinthis
positionuntiltheengineiswarmenoughtopermittheleverto
bereturned totheidlingpositionwithoutstallingtheengine.
(AlsoseeChapteron"ColdWeatherOperation.")
^iw>iminhi
Turnoni«nirion
tore;ul"au^e
/7¾. 3.Thegasolinegaugeisoperatedelec-
tricallybycurrentiron)theignitioncircuit.
M

CarburetorChokeControl
Correctuseofthechokecontrolisessentialnotonlytoquick
startingoftheengine,butalsotothelifeoftheengine.The
buttonmustbepulledourfarenoughinstartingtoprovidean
explosivemixturequicklysothatthebatteryisnotunneces-
sarilydischargedbyuselesscranking.Thebuttonmustalsobe
leftoutfarenoughduringthewarming-upperiodsothatthe
enginewillrunwithoutmissingand"poppingback."
Ontheotherhand,itshouldnotbepulledoutanyfurtheror
leftoutanylongerthanisnecessarytoaccomplishtheseresults,
becausesomeoftheexcessliquidgasolineintheenrichedmixture
doesnotburnandmaywashofftheoilonthecylinderwalls,
interferingwithproperlubrica-
tionofthepistons.Pushthebut-
tonallthewayinassoonasthis
canbedonewithoutcausing
"poppingback."
Iftheenginestillretainsheat
frompreviousrunning,thechoke
controlshouldnotbeusedwith-
Fig. 4. Thechokebuttonoutfirstattemptingtostartthe
mustbeheldoutwhilethe. , .
starteriscrankingtheengine.engmeonthenormalmixture.
Ifthechokebuttonispulledout
forstartinga hotenginethemixturemaybemadesorichthat
startingwillbeimpossible.
Thechokebuttonisnota primingdevice.Ithasnoeffect
whateveronthefuelorthefuelmixtureunlesstheengineis
beingcrankedorisrunningunderitsownpower.Tohave
anyeffect,thebuttonmustbepulledoutandkeptpartlyout
duringthecrankingoperation.
[10]
SparkControl
Correcttimingoftheignitioninrelationtothepositionsof
thepistonsiscontrolledautomaticallybythetimer-distributor,
whichprovidesforallordinaryadvancingandretardingofthe
spark.
Ahandcontrolisalsoprovided.Thisisthebuttonattheleft
ontheinstrumentpanel.Thisbuttonshouldbepushedallthe
wayin(fulladvance)forstartingandforallordinarydriving.
Thebuttoncanbepulledpartlyouttoretardthesparkincase
of"ping"causedbycarbon,heavypulling,theuseofregular
(notanti-knock)gasoline,orincasethereshouldeverbeoccasion
tocranktheenginebyhand.
TheCadillacV-12engineisa highcompressionengineandit
willperformmostsatisfactorilywhenananti-knockfuelisused.
Regulargasolinecanbeused,althoughthismaynecessitate
drivingwiththesparkslightly
retardedtoavoid"ping."The-v,/
sparkshouldberetardedjusti '•• __^\
tothepointwheretheengine
"'pings" slightlyonrapidaccel-
eration.Thisslightamountof
sparkknockisabsolutelyharm-
lesstotheengineandisanindica-
tiontothedriverthatthesparkisF>g y Drjvewjthsparkcon.
setatthepointthatwillgivetrolasfaradvancedaspossible.
maximumpowerandeconomy.:
Carbondeposit,whichaccumulateswithuseinallengines,
alsocausessparkknockandintimemayrequireretardingthe
spark.Regardlessofthekindoffuelorthepresenceofcarbon,
thecorrectsettingofthesparkcontrolatanytimeisatthepoint
wheretheengine"pings"slightlyonrapidacceleration.
["I

StarterPedal
Thestarterpedalisattherightoftheaccelerator.Pushing
thispedalforwardbringsintoactiontheelectricmotorthat
crankstheengineforstarting.Donotpushthestarterpedal
whentheengineisrunning.
Thestarterpedalisonlyoneofthecontrolsthatmustbema-
nipulatedtostarttheengine.Unlessthereisanexplosivemix-
tureinthecylindersanda sparktoigniteit,itisuselessto
cranktheengine.Thestarterpedalshouldnotbeoperated,
therefore,untilthenecessarypreliminarystepshavebeentaken.
Thefollowing,intheirproperorder,arethevariousstepsthat
mustbeperformedwhenstartingtheengine:
1. Placethethrottlelever
aboutone- fourththeway
downfromthe"CLOSE"posi-
tion.
2. Seethatthesparkcon-
trolbuttonisallthewayin.
3. Makesurethatthetrans-
missioncontrolleverisin
neutral.
4. Turnontheignition.
F/£.«.Thestarterpedalisonlyone5 UnlesstheengineisStill
ofthecontrolsthatmustbeusedto°
starttheengine.warm,pulloutthechoke
button.Iftheengineisstill
warm,donotpulloutthechokebuttonunlesstheenginefails
tostartonthenormalmixture.
6.Tostarttheengine,pushthestarterpedalforward,
releasingitassoonastheenginestarts.Iftheenginedoesnot
startreadily,donotrunthebatterydownbycontinuingto
cranktheengine,butlookforthetroubleandcorrectit.(See
belowforprobablecausesfortheenginefailingtostart.)
7. Pushthechokebuttoninpartwayassoonastheengine
[12]
stairs, andallthewav111assoonastheengineiswarmenough
topermitit.
8.Notewhetherpressureisindicatedontheoilpressure
gaugeamistoptheengineatonceifnopressureisindicated.
9.Movethethrottleleveruptothe"CLOSE"positionas
soonastheengineiswarmenoughtopermitit.
Incoldweather,disengagetheclutchduringthecranking
;operation.Thisrelievesthestarterofthenecessityofturning
Ithetransmissiongears,whichareimmersedinlubricant.The
Jadditionalloadissmallinwarmweatherwhenthelubricantis
jthin,butincoldweatherthepowerrequiredtoturnthegears
jthroughthethickenedlubricantaddsunnecessarilytothe
jloadonthestarterandthebattery.
WhatToDoIfTheEngineFailsToStart
Iftheenginedoesnotstartreadily,releasethestarterpedal
andlookforthecause.
1
i
'Theignitionmaynotbeturnedon.
Theremaybenogasolineinthetankintherearofthecar.
Theremaybenogasolineinthevacuumtankonthedash.
Ifthefuelsupplyshouldgiveoutontheroad,sothatthevacuum
tankonthedashbecomesempty,itwillbenecessaryafter
refillingthetanktoaddgasolinetothevacuumtank.
Thecarburetorsmaybeflooded byunnecessaryuseofthe
chokewhentheengineiswarm.Togetridofthesurplusgaso-
lineinthecylindersopenthethrottlewide,and,withthe
ignitionturnedoff,holdthestarterpedaldownfor10to15
>seconds.Thenreturnthethrottlelevertotheusualposition
Iforstarting,turnontheignitionandtryoncemoretostartthe
Iengine.
[13]

OilPressureGauge
Thesmalldialattheleftofthe
clockistheoilpressuregauge.
Thisgaugedoesnot indicatethe
quantity ofoilintheengine.It
indicatesonlythe pressure under
whichtheoilisforcedtothe
enginebearings. Fig.7. Theoilgaugedoesnot
indicateijuantity;itonlyshows
thepressureunderwhichoilis
forcedtotheenginebearings.
I
Whentheengineisnotrunning,
thepointerontheoilpressure
gaugeshouldremainatzero,but
assoonastheengineisstartedandaslongasitruns,thegauge
shouldshowpressure.Ifnopressureisindicatedwhenthe
engineisrunning,stoptheengineatonceanddeterminethe1
cause.Seriousdamagemaybedoneiftheengineisrunwithout
oilpressure.
Ammeter
Theammetershowshowmuchcurrentthegeneratorisfur-
nishingthebatterywhenthemotorisrunningandhowmuchthe
lightsandignitionaredrawingfromthebatterywhenthegen-
eratorisnotcharging.Itdoesnotregisterthecurrentdrawnby
thestartingmotorwhenstartingtheenginenorthetotaloutput
ofthegeneratorwhenthelights
areon.
Theammetershouldindicate,
onthe"Charge"sidemostof'
thetime,otherwise,morecurrent
willbetakenoutofthebattery
thanisputintoitandthebattery
willeventuallybecomefullydis-
charged,j
Fi%. S. Theammeterindicates
theamountofelectricalcurrent
flowing toorfromthebattery.
areinuse,theammetershouldshow"Charge"assoonasthe
carisrunningtenortwelvemilesperhourinhighgear.If
theammetershouldshow"Discharge"withalllightsoff,
eitherwhentheengineisnotrunningorwhenthecarisrunning
morethantwelvemilesperhour,thecauseshouldbeinvest-
igated.
ClutchPedal
Theclutchhastwouses:First,toenablethecartobestarted
graduallyandwithoutjerkorjar;second,topermitshiftingof
thetransmissiongears.Theoperationoftheclutchisdiscussed
belowinconnectionwiththetransmissioncontrol.Further
commentisunnecessaryatthispoint,exceptthefollowingsug-
gestionstothedriver:
Donotdrivewiththefootrestingontheclutchpedal.The
Cadillacclutchoperatessoeasilythateventheweightofthe
driver'sfootmayunintentionallycausetheclutchtoslip.
Donotformthepracticeofdisengagingtheclutchwhenever
thebrakesareapplied.Mostoccasionsforuseofthebrakes
requireonlyslowingdownwithoutstoppingorevenshifting
gears. A skilleddriverwillnottouchtheclutchpedaluntilthe
carisjustabouttostopor
untilheisabouttoshifttoa
lowergear.Itisa mistaken
ideathatapplyingthebrakes
withtheclutchengagedis
more severeonthebrakelining.
Theoppositeisactuallythe
case, proofofwhichisinthe
factthatincoastingdown
grades,theresistanceofthe
engineisusedtoassistthe
brakesincontrollingthecar
speed.
Ordinarily,whennolights
[H]
Itwillbeobservedinoper-Fig.9. A gooddriverusestheclutch
pedalonlywhenshiftinggearsorabout
tostop.
[15]
m
'e?8
&l>i
tm
U3
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1<t-
ia,

atingtheclutchpedalthatthepedaloilersalmostnoresist-
anceuntilithasbeenmovedaboutoneinch.Itisatthis>
pointthatitactuallybeginstodisengagetheclutch.ItisJ
importantthatthepedalhavethis"lostmotion."Ifthe-
fullpressureoftheclutchspringsisfeltjustassoonas
thecontrolpedalismoved,thecontrolrodshouldberead-
justed.Failuretomakethisadjustmentwillresultinthe
clutchslipping.
TransmissionControl
TheoperationoftheCadillacSyncro-meshtransmissionis,
ingeneral,thesameastheoperationoftheconventionalselec-
tivesliding-geartypeoftransmission.Thepositionsofthei
controlleverforthevariousspeedcombinationsarethesamet
andthedirectionsinwhichthecontrolleverismovedarethe|
same.Itisalsonecessarytodisengagetheclutchbeforemoving
thecontrollever,thesameaswiththeconventionaltransmission.
Theonlydifferenceisinthemannerofmovingthecontrol
lever.Withtheconventionaltransmission,itiscustomarywhen•
shiftingtoa highergeartohesitatemomentarilyinneutralandI
thenmovetheleverquicklytoitsnewposition.WiththeI
CadillacSyncro-meshj
transmissionthereisno
necessityeitherforthej
hesitationinneutralor
fortherapidmovement?
oftheleverduringthe
latterpartoftheshift.
Instead,themovement of
thecontrollevershould,
Fig. 10. Thecontrolleverpositionsarebeonesmooth,Continu-|
thesameasfortheconventionaltypeof
transmission.. ousmovement.I
[161
Thesynchronizingprincipleappliestoallshiftsintointer-
mediateor high; inotherwords,tothefollowingshifts:
Lowtointermediate
Intermediatetohigh
Hightointermediate
Thereisnosynchronizingmechanismforloworreverse
gearsbecauseshiftsintothesegearsareusuallymadewhenthe
carisstandingstill.Whenshiftingfromneutraltolowor
reverse,therefore,itmaybenecessarytoawaitaninstantafter
disengagingtheclutch,togivethegearsa chancetostop
"spinning."Donotattempttoshiftfromintermediatetolow
unlessthecarisstandingstillormovingvery slowly.
If,whendescendinga gradeathighspeed,itbecomesdesir-
abletoshiftfromhightointermediateinordertousetheengine
asa brake,re-engagetheclutchslowlyaftermakingtheshift.
Thiswillbringtheengineuptospeedgraduallyandavoidthe
suddenloadthatwouldotherwisebeimposedupontheclutch.
Coasting
Incoastingdowngrades,itisrecommendedthatthetrans-
missionbeleftingearandtheclutchengaged.Withthethrottle
intheidlingposition,thecaristhusmadetodrivetheengine,
theresistanceofwhichassiststhebrakesandsaveswearonthe
brakelining.Itmustberememberedthatthebrakesaresub-
jectedtomuchmoresevereuseongradesthanonthelevel,
becausegravityactscontinuously,whereasonthelevel,the
brakesneedabsorbonlythemomentumofthecar.
Ordinarily,theresistanceofferedbytheengine,whenthe
transmissionisinhigh,supplementedbymoderateuseofthe
brakes,issufficienttocontrolthespeedofthecar.Onsteep
grades,however,thetransmissioncontrolshouldbeshiftedto
intermediate.
[17]

Donotturnoiltheignitionwhencoastingwiththecar
drivingtheengine.Contrarytoa commonimpression, this
doesnotappreciablyincreasetheresistance,andislikelyto
causedamagetotheengine.Evenwiththethrottleclosed,
somefuelisadmittedtothecylinders,andifthisisnotburned,
itcondensesonthecylinderwallsandwashesawaytheoil
whichlubricatesthepistons.
Brakes
Thefoot brakesareinternalbrakesoftheshoetype,applied
onallfourwheelsthrougha mechanicallinkage.
Whenapplyingthebrakeswhiledrivingonwetasphaltstreets
orslipperyroadsmorecareshouldbeexercisedandmoretime
shouldbeallowedforstoppingthecarthanisnecessaryondry
pavements.Thebrakesshouldbeappliedgentlywhilethe
clutch is still engaged. Theclutchshouldnotbereleaseduntil
thecarhasalmoststopped.
Donotattemptsuddenstops.Cadillacfour-wheelbrakes
minimizethepossibilityofskiddingunderslipperyconditions,
buttheireffectivenessshouldnotinduceanyonetodriveless
carefully.
Asthebrakeliningwears,thepedalmustbepushedfarther
downtoapplythebrakes.Donotwaituntilthepedalgoesall
thewaytothefloorboardbeforehavingthebrakesreadjusted.
Readjustmentisrecommendedassoonasthepedalmustbe
pusheddowntowithinoneinchofthefloorboard.A temporary
adjustmentofthebrakesisexplainedonpage46.
Forparking,thebrakesareoperatedbythehandleveratthe
rightofthetransmissioncontrollever.
LightingSwitch
Thelightingswitchcontrolisattheupperendofthesteering
columninthecenterofthesteeringwheel.Theleverhasfour
[18]
positions,-PARKING,""OFF,""DOWN"and"UP."Turn-
ingtheleverto"PARKING"turnsonthefrontparkinglamps
andthetworearlamps.Turn-
ingtheleverto"DOWN"
turnsontheheadlamplower
beamsandthetworear lamps,
whileturningtheleverto"UP"
turnsontheheadlampupper
beamsandthetworear lamps.
Theinstrumentlampsare
controlledbytheupperbutton
_.,,_.,...• , i attheextremeleftoftheinstru-
Fig. )1. Thelightingswitchcontrol
isatthehubofthesteeringwheel.mentpanel.
Thelampbulbswhichareusedareasfollows:
Lamp
Headlamps
RearLamps
StopLight
TailLight
Parkinglamps
Instrumentlamps
Closedcarlamps
Steplight
Voltage
u
6-8
6-a\
68/
6-8V
6-81
6-8/
Candle-Power
21(TwoFilament)
MazdaNo.1110
15MazdaNo.87
3MazdaNo.63
DangerofRunningEngineinClosedGarage
Everypersonhavingtodowiththeoperationorcareofa
motorcarshouldbewarnedofthedangerthatattendsrunning
theenginewhilethecarisina smallclosedgarage.
Carbonmonoxide,a deadlypoisonousgas,ispresentinthe
exhaustofallinternalcombustionengines.Mostpeopleare
alreadyfamiliarwithcarbonmonoxideintheformofillumin-
atinggas,orinthegasproducedbyfurnacesandstoveswhen
insufficientairissuppliedtogivecompletecombustion.But
[19]

illuminatinggasandcoalgashaveanunpleasantodor,which
servesasa warning,whereascarbonmonoxide,asproducedin
theinternalcombustionengine,iscolorless,tastelessandalmost
odorless,sothatthevictimmaybeovercomebeforeheisaware
ofthe.danger.Whentheengineexhaustsintotheopenair,
thecarbonmonoxideissodilutedthatithasnoeffect.Itis
whentheengineisrunfora timeina closedroomthatthepro-
portionofcarbonmonoxideintheairmayincreasetothepoint
atwhichcontinuedbreathingofitwouldbefatal.TheUnited
StatesPublicHealthServiceadvisesthattheaverageautomobile
enginewarmingupina singlecargaragewillgiveoffenough
carbonmonoxideinthreeminutestoendangerlife.
Properprecautionmustbetakenincoldweatherwhenthe
naturaltendencyistokeepthegaragedoorsandwindows
closed.Thepracticeoflettingtheenginewarmupina closed
garagebeforeopeningthedoorsisunsafe.Theriskismade
greaterBythefactthattheenrichingofthemixturebymanipu-
lationofthecarburetorchokeincreasestheamountofcarbon
monoxideformed.
[201
CHAPTERIII
EQUIPMENT
I
N additiontothecontrolsandinstrumentsusedindriving,
thecarisequippedwithvariousdeviceswhichareforthe
convenienceandcomfortoftheoccupants,andareusedonlyas
occasiondemands.Itissuggestedthatthedriveranticipatehis
useofsuchequipmentbybecomingfamiliaratoncewiththe
directionscontainedinthischapter.
WindshieldandVentilation
Cadillacclosedcarsareequippedwitha one-pieceslanting
windshieldthatcanbemovedupanddownbymeansofthe
handlejustabovethewindshield(Fig.12).Fortheventilation
underthecowl,thewindshieldshouldberaisednotmorethan
oneinch,sothatthelower
edgeoftheglassisstill
belowtheledgeoverthein-
strumentboard.Withthe
windshieldinthisposition
airisdeflectedintothedriv-
ingcompartmentthroughan
openinginthecowljustfor-
wardoftheinstrumentboard.
Ifdesired,thewindshieldcan
beraisedabovethelevelof
theledgeovertheinstrument
board,sothataircanenter
Fig. 12. Thestraighttypewindshield
iscontrolledbythehandleabovethe
windshield.
thecardirectly.
Cowlventilatorsarealsoprovidedontheclosedcarstosupple-
menttheventilationprovidedbythewindshield.Theseventi-
[21]

latorsareatthesidesofthecowlcompartmentandopentoward
therear,servingasoutletsfortheairenteringunderthewind-
shield.
Inwarmweather,satisfactoryventilationinthefrontcom-
partmentcannotbeexpectedunlessthehooddoorsareopen.
Ordinarily,theseshouldbeopenedatthebeginningofwarm
weatherandleftopenfortheseason.Thetemperatureinthe
frontcompartmentcanthereafterbecontrolledbythewindshield
andventilators.
WindshieldCleaner
Thewindshieldcleanerconsistsoftwowiperblades,operated
bythesuctionorvacuumintheintakemanifoldontheengine.
Thecleaneriscontrolledbythelowerbuttonattheextremeleft-
handendoftheinstrumentboard.Thisbutton,whenpulled
allthewayout,willcauseonebladetoworkoneachhalfofthe
windshield,cleaningtheentireglass.Pullingthebuttonhalf
wayoutwillcausebothbladestooperateonthelefthandhalf
ofthewindshield,cleaningonlythepartinfrontofthedriver.
Toparkbothbladesattheextremeleftofthewindshieldwhen
theyarenotneededtocleantheglass,pullthecontrolbutton
halfwayout,waituntiltheleft-handbladetravelsovertomeet
theright-handbladeandreturnswithittotheleft-handside;
thenpushthebuttonallthewayin.
AdjustableSeat
ThefrontseatisadjustableonallCadillacclosedcars,except
thosethatareintendedtobechauffeur-driven.Exceptonthe
five passengercoupe,theentirefrontseatcanbemovedforward
orbackward.Thisadjustmentiscontrolledbya handleonthe
centeroftheseatbase,justabovethefloorboards.Asthefront
seatonthefive-passenger coupeisdivided,onlythedriver's
halfoftheseatisadjustable.
[22]
CigarLighter
[Pushin,hold
liftout
aa^Wi"
i,- • ?,>.':*•»
-,¾¾¾¾
}'^- ^mw-*^
I!<KIMII;
Cordlesslightersareprovided
ontheinstrumentpaneland
withthesmokingsetsofthe
variousbodystyles.Theselight-
ershavea greentranslucentbut-
tonthroughwhichtheglowof
theheatingelementmaybeseen
whenthelighterisreadyforuse.
Tousethelighteronthepanel,
pressitallthewayintoits
socketandholditthereuntilthe
Thecurrenttothelighterinthe
pressingthebuttonbesidethe
Fig. 1). The cigar lighter on
;he instrument panel isofthe
"pass around" type.
glowisseen;thenliftitout.
smokingsetsisturnedonb\
lighter.
Tools
Thetoolsarecarriedunderthefrontscat.Whenputtingtools
intheircompartmentbesuretheyareplacedsothattheydo
notinterferewiththefrontseatadjustingmechanism.
Thestandardtoolequipmentislistedbelow:
Hammer Pliers
Monkeywrench Huhcap wrench
Largescrew-driverBrace wrench (wood and disc
Small screw-driverwheels)
Crescent adjustable wrench Jack handle
Oilcan Jack
Sparkplug wrench Tool bag
Starting crankLubrication chart
Operator's Manual
Tires
InflationPressure
Fornormaldriving,thefrontandreartiresshouldbe
inflatedtoa pressureof40lbs.Important—Oncarsdriven
athighspeeds,thefronttiresshouldbeinflatedto45lbs.
Thetiresshouldbecheckedatleastweekly,andthepressure
shouldneverbepermittedtodropmorethan5 lbs.
,1¼
•iV
[23]

SpareWheelCarrier
Toremovea sparewheelfromthecarrier,unlockthelockand
takeitout,usingthekeyasa handle.Itmaybenecessaryto
holdontothelock whileturningthekey.Thenunscrewthe
clampingscrewunderneaththe
lock,afterwhichthelarge
dustshieldcanberemoved
andthewheeltakenoffthe
carrier.
Toreinstalla sparewheel,
mountitonthecarrier,place
thelargedustshieldinposi-
tionandtightentheclamping
screw.Thensnapthelock
backintoplace.
Theseinstructionsapply
bothtosparewheelcarriers
ontherear ofthecarandto
carriersinthefrontfenders.
Fig. 14. Toremovea sparewheel,
unlockthelock,andremovethescrew
andthedummyhubcap.
SpareTireCarrier(StandardWoodWheels)
Toremovethesparetire
fromthecarrier,unlockthe
lockandremoveit,usingthe
keyasa handle.Itmaybe
necessarytoholdontothe
lock whileturningthekey.
Unscrewtheclampingscrew
withthebracewrenchfur-
nishedinthetoolequipment
andremovetherimclamp,
takingcarenottolosethe
clampingscrew.Removethe
tirewithrim,bypullingitout
itoffthecarrier.
Fig. 15. Toremovea sparetire,
unlockthelock,removethescrewand
takeofftheclamp.
atthebottomandthenlifting
[24]
Toplacea tireandrimonthecarrier,reversetheaboveorder.
Aftertighteningtheclampingscrew,unlockthelockandputit
intoplace.
ChangingTires
Ifaninflatedtireisalwayscarriedonthesparerimorwheel,
thedriverwillseldomorneverhavetodisassemblea tirefrom
therim.Incaseoftiretrouble,itisthenmerelynecessaryto
removetherimorwheelwiththeflattireandtheninstallthe
spareinitsplace.Illustrateddirectionsforperformingthis
workonwireandonstandardwoodwheelsaregivenonpages
26and27-Discanddemountablewoodwheelsarechangedin
thesamemanneraswirewheelsexceptthatthehubcapsshould
notberemoved.
TireBalancingMarks
Thetiresarebalancedtooffsettheweightofthevalvestem.
If a tireisremoved,itmustbere-installedinitsoriginalposition
withrespecttotherim;otherwisethetireandwheelwillbe
unbalanced.
A smallredorblacksquareisaccordinglybrandedintherubber
onthesideofeachtire.Thismarkmustalwaysbeinlinewith
thevalvestem.
[25]

,1 !
Fig. 16a. Removethehubcapwith
thewrenchinthetoolkit.Hubcaps
aremarkedwitharrowsshowingthe
directioninwhichtheyscrewonand
off.
Fig. 16b. Jackuptheaxleuntilthe
weightofthecarisoffofthewheel,
butwiththetirestilldragging.
Loosenthecapscrewsaroundthe
wheelhubbyturningthemina
counter-clockwisedirectionwiththe
wrench.Thenjackthewheelup
further,remove thecapscrewsand
takethewheeloffofthehub.
Fig. 16c. Tomounta wheelsimply
secituponthehubandstartthe
capscrewsbyhand.Thentighten
thescrewswiththewrench,butdo
nottightentheminrotation.After
tighteningonescrew,tightenthe
screwdirectlyopposite.
Fig. 16. ChangingWireWheels
[261
tig- 17u. Jackupthewheeluntil
thetireclearstheground.Remove
thedustcapandclampingnutfrom
thevalvestem.Removethesixrim
clamps,unscrewingthemwiththe
bracewrenchsuppliedinthetoolkit.
Fig. 17b. Rotatethewheeluntil
thevalvestemisatthetop,andpull
thebottomoftherimawayfromthe
wheel.
Fig. 17c."Then rotatethewheel
untilthevalvestemapproachesthe
bottom,whentherimandtirewillroll
freefromthewheelandcanberemoved
withoutlifting.
Tomounta rim,rotatethewheel
untiltheholeforthevalvestemisin
thepositionshowninthelastillus-
tration.Insertthevalvestemand
rotatethewheel,whichwillcarrythe
rimwithit,untilthevalvestemisat
th£top.Thenpushthelowerpartof
therimintoplace.Installtherim
clampsovertherimandturnthenuts
partlydown.Gooverthenutsagain
andtightenthemfirmly. Installthe
valvestemclampingnutandthedust
cap. fie suretheclampingnutistight.
(StandardWoodWheels)
[27]

LUBRICATIONSCHEDULE
CADILLAC 370
ENGINE NO. DATEDELIVERED
OO NOT WAIT POR SCHEDULELUBRICATIONS
BEFOREADDINGENGINE OIL. THE OIL LEVEL
SHOULD BE CHECKEDEVERYMO TOIM MILES
ANO OIL ADDED IFTHE INDICATORBALL IS
• CLOW••PULL."THIS IS ESPECIALLY IM-
PORTANT ON CARSDRIVEN AT MICHSPEEDS.
N
0
z
<
w
(A
0
z
z
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£
3
01
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n
tf)
0
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0
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o
5
a
3
J
PR
O
0
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•
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z
z
0
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u
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0
3
J
0
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<
f-
«•>
i
z
z
0
<
u
£
c
3
J
ADDLIQUID TO
ADDENGINE OIL
ASNECESSARY
STARTER.GENERATORAND
BRAKEPINS AND
CONNECTIONS
DOORHARDWARE
GREASE GUN
WATERPUMP
CLUTCHRELEASEBEARING
ANDBRAKEASSISTER
•ADOWATER TO
STORAGEBATTERY
CHECKTIREINFLATION
DRAIN AND REPLACE
TEST OIL FILTER
TRANSMISSION—ADOLUBRICANT
RE
STI
EER1NGGEAR—ADO
ONT BRAKETRUNNIONS AND
SPEEDOMETERDRIVESHAFT
FAN
••REFILLSHOCKABSORBERS
••REPLACE OIL FILTERCARTRIDGE
ANDCLEAN OILPAN ANDSCREEN
LUBRICANT
WATER OR
ANTI-PREC2E
ENGINE OIL
ENGINE OIL
ENGINE OIL
ENGINE OIL
CHASSIS
GREASE
WATERPUMP
GREASE
WHEELBEARING
GREASE
DlSTILLED
WATER
ENGINE OIL
GEAR
LUBRICANT
GEAR
LUBRICANT
GEAR
LUBRICANT
LIGHT
ENGINE OH.
CHASSIS
GREASE
WHEELBEARING
GREASE
CHASSIS
GREASE
CHASSIS
QREASB
SPECIALON.
LUBRICATION NO.AND MILEAGE AT WHICH DUE
1
I
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
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o
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o
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10
I
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EVERY12.000MILES
II
1
o
o
o
o
o
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o
o
o
11
1
o
o
u
u
o
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o.
o
o
o
o
o
•IN SUMMERINSPECTBATTERYEVERY see MILES OR AT LEAST EVERT t WEEKS.
•*RECOfcmFNDEDBUTNOTINCLUOEOINLUBRICATIONS0AND11.
THEFOLLOWINGOPERATIONSCANNOT BE PLACED ONA MILEAGEBASIS ANDARENOT INCLUDED IN
THEABOVESCHEDULE
THINREARAXLEANDTRANSMISSIONLUBRICANT-ASREQUfREQ f>OR LOWTEMPERATURES.
DRAIN AND REPLACEREARAXLE AND TRANSMISSIONLUBRICANT—ATBEGINNING OP MILDWEATHER
INSPRING. RECORD
ON OTHERSIDE
Fig. 18. This isa fac-simile ofthe CadillacLubrication Schedule and Record
Card. Provision is made onthe back ofthe card for recording when and where
the car is lubricated. A copy of this card canbe obtained on request from Cadillac
distributors and dealers. [28]
CHAPTER IV
LUBRICATION
LubricationSchedule
S
YSTEMATIC lubrication, at regularmileageintervals, isthe
onlykindthat is effective. On page 28isa completelubri-
cationschedule,which, if faithfullyfollowed,willinsure
correctlubrication for eachwearingsurface.
Theunit ofthe schedule is 12,000miles,which is dividedinto
twelve1000-mileintervals.Corresponding to these isa series
oftwelveconsecutivegroups of lubricatingoperations.When
the carhas traveled 1000 miles, the pointsenumeratedunder
Lubrication No.1 shouldreceiveattention. At 2000miles,
Lubrication No. 2 is due, andsoon until at 12000miles,Lubri-
cation No.12 should be performed. At 13000miles, the schedule
beginsagainwithLubrication No. 1.
Itwill be noticedfrom the schedulethatthere are actually
onlyfourdifferentlubrication
operations, but thatthey are JttKKKKtBSBBtEKL
numberedaccordingthe ^^^^I^K^KUS^BH
varioustimesthattheycome J-^^^^H^H^E^^BHSI
Ametallubrication tagin HHH^•liUailiO^Br
theshape ofthe CadillaccrestHui^M ^¾ «>iIIIMR mmW
isprovided on each newcar ^MS_§Sj^^gjgppV^
forease in determining the fll^^l
date, themileageandthe ^BBBI ^^
schedulenumber ofthe next HBRH j^'
lubrication due. This tagis wK^m^JM»'s-t^^^^mmm1mWM
mounted onthe leftJpH^Hsfl^BBR^HsBR^Lfl
pillar,aboutfourinchesbelow :^"»MBB^B^^E^B^BB»T4^^B«
thehinge as shown intheFig M_
Thisnoticc Kl|syou when
illustration. your car should be lubricated.
[29]
I

Thedrivercaneasilycheckthiswiththespeedometermileage
byopeningtheleftfrontdoora fewinches.AuthorizedCadillac-
LaSalleservicestations,afterperformingeachscheduleoperation,
postthenumberofthenextoperationdueandthemileageat
whichitisdue.Whenthemileagerecordedbythespeedometer
isthesameasthemileagemarkedonthenotice,thecarmaybe
takentoanyauthorizedCadillac-LaSalleservicestation,and,
withoutfurtherorderingotherthanspecifying"schedulelubrica-
tion,"thecarwillreceivetheexactlubricationnecessary.
Althoughthescheduleisexpressedintermsofmiles,itis
intendedthatthecarbelubricatedonceeachmonthifthe
mileagetraveledislessthan1000sincethelastlubrication
operationwasperformed.Thislubricationworkcanbedone
whilethecarisintheservicestationfor itsregularmonthlyor
1000-mileinspection.
LubricationChart
Thelubricationchart(18x 24inchesinsize)whichaccom-
paniesthismanualgivescompletedetailedinstructionsfor
lubricatingthecar.Allofthepointswhichrequirelubrication
aredesignatedonthischart,togetherwiththekindoflubricant
tobeused,themethodofapplyingitandthefrequencywith
whichitshouldbeapplied.
Theoperationsaregroupedonthechartinthesamemanner
asontheschedulesfrowninFig.18.Ifthecarislubricatedat
an"AuthorizedStation,"thisschedulewillbefollowed;ifnot,
whoeverdoesthelubricationshouldfollowthescheduleand
chartexactly.
Lubricants
Theselectionofproperlubricantsshouldbeoneofthefirst
concernsoftheownerinhisattentiontothelubricationofthe
[301
car.Thelubricantsmustnotonlybeofhighquality,buttheir
iviscosityandothercharacteristicsmustbesuitedtothecar.
tTheownerisurgedtoconsultthedistributorordealerfrom
whomhepurchasedhiscarinregardtothenamesoflubricants
JwhichhavebeentestedandapprovedforuseintheCadillaccar.
IEngineOil
f
IThechartofengineoilrecommendationsgivenonpage32
Iindicatesthepropergradesofoiltobeusedforaveragedriving
)andforprolongedhighspeeddriving.
GearLubricant
LubricantconformingtothespecificationsforGearLubricant
mustbeusedinthetransmission,rearaxleandsteeringgear.
Itisparticularlyimportantthatonlyrecommendedlubricants
beusedinthetransmission.Engineoilorsoapgreaseswillnot
performsatisfactorily.
Lubricantsconformingtothesespecificationsmaybeused
withoutthinningduringallweather,exceptwinterweather
belowtemperaturesof20°abovezero.Belowthistemperature,
thinningwithkeroseneisnecessary,unlessgreaseofsufficiently
lowpourpointisusedtosecureeasiergearshiftingandproper
lubricationofgearsandbearings.SeeanauthorizedCadillac-
LaSalleservicestationforrecommendationsonthislubricant.
Important:TheGearLubricantknownas"sulphurized"oil
anddesignatedby"E.P.,"followingitsS.A.E.classification
isnotsatisfactoryforuseinthetransmissionorrearaxleon
Cadillaccarsandshouldnotbeusedintheseassembliesunder
anycircumstances.Thislubricantisinjurioustobronzeparts
suchasareusedingearassembliesofallhigherqualitycarsand
isparticularlyinjurioustothesynchro-meshtransmission.
ChassisGrease
LubricantconformingtothespecificationsforChassisGrease
isrecommendedforallchassispointsfitted withgreaseguncon-
[31]
''"I
IAI?^

nections.Donotuseordinarycupgrease,assuchgreasesare
noteffectiveenoughtolubricatesatisfactorilyoverthe1000-
mileinterval.
WheelBearingGrease
GreasesapprovedunderthespecificationsforWheelBearing
Greasearesuitableforlubricatingthewheelbearingsandthe
clutchreleasebearing.
ENGINEOILRECOMMENDATIONS
TYPEOF
SERVICE
AVERAGE
DRIVING
(Noprolonged
highspeed
driving)
PROLONGED
HIGHSPEED
DRIVING
SUMMER
AllTemperatures
Above32°F.
S.A.E.
vise. 40
or50
WINTER
Between32°and
15°Above
S.A.E.
vise. 20
Below15°Above
Zero
S.A.E.
vise. 10
Ttiese oils are Hot suitable for prolonged
high speed driving and if used under such
conditions the oil level must be closely
watched^ as the rate of consumption will
be higher than with heavier oils.
CADILLACAPPROVED'HEAVYDUTY"OILS-j
SUMMERAND WINTER;
TheseoilshaveanS.A.E.viscosityof40-50-60,andarc'
requiredtomeetcertainspecificationsastovolatilityin
ordertodemonstratetheirfitnessforprolongedhighspeed
driving.Tomakecertainofusinganoilapprovedforthis;
service,consultyourCadillacdistributorordealer.
NOTE:Approvedheavydutyoilsvaryintheirsuita-
bilityforwinteruse.Ifanapprovedheavydutyoilwith
| sufficientlylowcoldviscosityisnotavailableandifthecar
isnotkeptina heatedgarage,thelighteroilsspecified:
aboveforaveragedrivingmustbeusedtoavoidhardstart-!
ing.Inthiscase,besuretowatchtheoillevelcloselyas
cautionedabove.
•Thesystemusedinthistabletodesignatebodyorviscosityistheonerecently
developedbytheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineersandadoptedbyalloilcom-
panies.Ittakestheplaceoftheoldindefinitemethodofdescribingoilsas
"Light,""Medium,""Heavy,"etc.Oilshould becalledforbythesenumbers.
Ifa fillingstationattendantdoesnotknowtheS.A.E.numbersofhisoils,the
followinggradescanbesubstitutedinemergency:S.A.E.10,ExtraLight;
S.A.E.20,Light;S.A.E.40,Heavy;S.A.E.50-60,ExtraHeavy.
[32]
Thisgreaseisnotrecommendedforchassislubrication,as
ChassisGreaseismuchmoreeffective.Furthermore,Chassis
Greaseorordinarycupgreaseshouldnotbeusedinthewheel
bearingsassuchlubricantsdonothavea sufficientlyhighmelt-
ingpointtorendersatisfactoryservice.
WaterPumpGrease
Awater-resistantcalciumsoapgreaseisrecommendedforuse
inthewaterpumpgreasecup.Onlygreasesthatmeetthe
specificationsforWaterPumpGreaseshouldbeused;other
greaseswillbedissolvedintothecoolingsystemliquid.
Theownerofa Cadillaccarisurgedtohavehiscarputon
schedulelubricationatanauthorizedCadillac-LaSalleservice
station;inthiswayheisassuredofhavingtheproper lubricants
usedforalllubricatingpointsatthepropermileageintervals.
EngineLubrication
Thesupplyofoiliscarriedinthecastaluminumoilpanthat
coversthebottomofthecrankcase.Theoiliscirculatedbya
gearpumpinsideofthecrankcase.Thepumpisdrivenbya
verticalshaft,whichis,inturn,drivenbya spiralgearonthe
camshaft.Theoilcirculatedbythepumplubricatesthemain
andconnectingrodbearings,thecamshaftbearings,thecylinder
walls, pistonsandpistonpins,thefrontendchainsandthe
valvemechanism.
Therearea fewpointson-theenginethatarenottakencare
ofinthepressuresystem.Thesearethestarter,generatorand
distributoroilcups,thefanandthewaterpump.Lubricating
instructionsforthesepointsaregiveninthelubricationchart.
OilLevel
Thenormalcapacityoftheoilpanisninequarts,whichfills
ittothelevelofthescreeninthepan.Whentheoilpancon-
tainsthisamount,theoillevelindicatorontheleft-handside
[33]

I'l^'r
a.T
ff
(I
IP'
|V
J'
ih n
4
P
r1
h M
oftheengine(Fig.20)shows"Full."Astheoillevelde-
scends,theindicatordropsto"Fill."Oilshouldbeaddedas
soonastheindicatorballhasdroppedto"Fill."Iftheindicator
Oiltillers
Starreroiler Wntvrptunp
«re;iM'I'up OilJr.iin
Fig.20. Showingthelocationoftheoilfillers,oillevelindicator,oilpandrain
plugandotherlubricationfeatures.
dropsdowntotheflangeofthecrankcase,undernocircum-
stancesshouldtheengineberununtiloilhasbeenadded.
Themileageintervalatwhichoilmustbeaddeddepends
uponindividualcircumstances.Itisrecommendedthattheoil
levelindicatorbecheckedeveryonehundredtoonehundredand
fiftymiles,althoughitisimprobablethatoilwillberequiredas
frequentlyasthis.
CrankcaseVentilatingSystemandOilFilter
CadillacV-12enginesareequippedwitha crankcaseventilat-
ingsystem,whichpreventscontaminationofthelubricating
oilfromseepagevapors;andanoilfilter,whichremovesany
dirtorsolidmatterfromtheoil.
[34]
Thecrankcaseventilatingsystemisentirelyautomaticand
functionsthroughoutthelifeofthecarwithoutrequiringany
attentionfromtheowner.Theoilfilter, however,gradually
becomesfilled withthesolidmattertakenfromtheoiluntilit
becomessocloggedthatitceasestofunction.
Asoilforlubricationoftheoverheadvalvemechanismis
takendirectfromtheoilfilter,itisextremelyimportantto
replacethefilter cartridgebeforeitbecomessocloggedthatit
willnotreadilypassoil.Itisthereforerecommendedthatthe
filterbetestedevery2000-milessothatthecartridgecanbe
replacedassoonasthisisnecessary.Thistestcanbemadeby
simplyremovingoneoftheoilfiller coversandnotingwhether
ornotoilisdrippingfromtherockerarmbushingswhilethe
engineisrunningatidlingspeed.Ifoildoesnotdripfromthe
bushings,thecartridgemustbereplaced.
ThelubricationscheduleasfollowedbyauthorizedCadillac-
LaSalleservicestationsprovidesforthistestaspartoftheregular
2000milelubrication.Filtercartridgesshouldbereplacedat
leastevery12,000miles.Replacementcartridgescanbeobtained
from Cadillacdistributorsanddealers.
Theoilpanandscreenshouldberemovedandcleanedwith
keroseneorgasolinewhenevertheoilfilter cartridgeisre-
placed.
ReplacingEngineOil
Althoughthecrankcaseventilatingsystemandtheoilfilter
describedintheprecedingsectiongreatlyprolongtheusefullife
oftheoil,itisrecommendedthattheoilbedrainedandreplaced
withfreshoilevery2000miles.
Todraintheoil,simplyremovethedrainplug(Fig.20).Be
suretoreinstallthedrainplugbeforeputtinginthefreshoil.
Ninequartsofoilarerequiredtobringtheoillevelindicator
ballto"Full."
135]
H

CHAPTERV
COLD WEATHER OPERATION
OATISFACTORY operationofthecarinfreezingweatherdepends
^-^uponhavingthecarpreparedforcoldweatherandingiving
itthespecialattentionwhichisrequiredatthattime.Inthis
chapterhasbeengroupedalltheinformationrelatingtocare
andoperationofthecarduringcoldweather.Itshouldbe
reviewedjustpriortothebeginningofthewinterseason.
Preparing for Cold Weather
Anti-Freezing Solutions
Theavailablecommercialmaterialsforpreparinganti-freezing
solutionsforautomobileradiatorsaredenaturedalcohol,meth-
anol(syntheticwoodalcohol),distilledglycerine,andethylene
glycol.
Denaturedalcoholandmethanolsolutionsare,atpresent,the
mostgenerallyusedanti-freezingsolutions.Thesepreparations
arewidelydistributed,affordprotectionagainstfreezing,andare
notinjurioustothecoolingsystem.
Therearetwoprincipalobjectionstodenaturedalcoholand
methanol—theyarelostbyevaporation,andareharmfultothe
carfinish. Anymaterialaccidentallyspilledonthefinish should
beflushed offimmediatelywitha largequantityofwater.
Solutionsofthesematerialsintheradiatormustbetested
periodicallyandsufficientmethanoloralcoholshouldbeaddedto
replacethelossbyevaporation.Otherwise,theengineorradia-
tor,orboth,arelikelytobedamagedbyfreezing.Evaporation
ismuchmorerapidonheavyruns,andthesolutionshouldbe
testedmoreoftenundersuchcircumstances.
Methanol,foraiiti-Jrcezepurposes,issoldintheUnitedStates
inthecorrectconcentrationtogivethesameprotectionagainst
freezingasdenaturedalcohol.Thetablebelowmaybeusedfor
bothdenaturedalcoholandmethanol.
Lowest
Temperature
Ex-pectcJ
10F.
0F.
-10F.
—20F.
-30F.
Percent
In
Volume
30
38
45
51
57
Specific<-i
1,at60"
OcuamrctAKi>lml
.9668
.9567
.9475
.9350
.9260
ravitv
IV)•
MdllJH,"
.972
.964
.957
.950
.944
Qts. Alcohol
requiredtomake
6pals,solution
Vx
9) A
10?4
12
13*.,
I
Distilledglycerineandethyleneglycolsolutionsare,infirst
cost,moreexpensivethanalcohol,butastheyarenotlostby
evaporation,onlywaterneed beaddedtoreplaceevaporation
'losses,exceptthatanysolutionlosemechanically,byleakage,
foaming, etc., mustbereplacedbyadditionalnewanti-freezing
solution.Thesesolutionsunderordinaryconditionsarenot
injurioustothecarfinish.
!Theprincipalobjectionstoglycerineandethyleneglycolarc
Ithetendencyofthesesolutionstoloosenthescaleandironrust
|whichformsinthewaterpassagesofthecylinderblockandhead,
andthedifficultyofsecuringandmaintainingtight,leakproof
connections.Itisabsolutelynecessarytothoroughlycleanand
,Hushtheentirecoolingsystembeforeglycerineorethylene
glycolisused.
IItisalsonecessarytotightenorreplacethecylinderhead
I
gasketsandpumppacking.Thecylinderheadgasketsmustbe
kepttighttopreventthesolutionfromleakingintothecrank-
casewhereitmightcausegummingandstickingofthemoving
(parts.Thepumppackingmustbekepttighttopreventair
\from beingdrawnintothecoolingsysteminordertoavoid
Ifoamingandotherdifficultieswhichmayresultwhenairis
jpresent.
[361
!37l

Ethyleneglycol,soldintheU.S.foranti-freezingpurposes,is
chemicallytreatedtoovercometheprincipaldifficultiesmen-
tionedintheaboveparagraph,andundernormaloperatingcondi-
tionswithtighthoseconnectionsandcylinderheadgaskets
shouldbesatisfactoryforuseinthecoolingsystems.
Glycerineorethyleneglycolshouldbeusedinaccordance
withtheinstructionsandintheproportionsrecommendedby
theanti-freezemanufacturer.
Inusinga hydrometertodeterminethetemperatureatwhich
asolutionwillfreeze,thetestmustbemadeatthetemperature
atwhichthehydrometeriscalibrated.Ifthesolutioniswarmer
orcolder,itmustbebroughttothistemperatureorcorrection
mustbemadeforthedifferenceintemperature,otherwiselarge
errorsmayresult.Freezingpointhydrometerscannotbeused
interchangeably,a differentfloat beingrequiredfordenatured
alcohol,methanol,glycerineandethyleneglycol.Insomecases
theseerrorsmaybeaslargeas30degreesFahrenheit.
Saltsolutions,suchascalciumormagnesiumchloride,sodium
silicate,etc.,honey,glucoseandsugarsolutionsandoilsarenot
satisfactoryforuseinautomobileradiators.
CapacityofCoolingSystem
Thecapacityofthecoolingsystemis6½gallonswhenfilled
totheleveloftheoverflowpipe.Thecoolingsystemmaybe
filled tothislevelsincetheoverflowpipeisconnectedtoa con-
densertankwhichoperatesautomaticallytopreventexcessive
lossofthecoolingliquid.
Itisimportantthattherearenoleaksinthecoolingsystem
andthattheradiatorcapisturneddownsothatitisairtight,
toinsureproperoperationofthecondenser.
WinterLubrication
Lubricationofthecarrequiresspecialattentioninwinter,not
onlytoinsureproperlubricationofthemovingparts,butto
[38]
securethesameeaseofoperationinstarting,steeringandshifting
gearsasduringwarmweather.
Thechartofengineoilrecommendationsonpage32givesthe
propergradeofoiltobeusedforcoldweatherdriving.Itwill
benotedthatlighteroilscanbeusedforcoldweatherproviding
noprolongedhighspeeddrivingisdone.Forprolongedhigh
speeddriving,"Heavyduty"oilsmustbeused.Authorized
Cadillac-LaSalleServiceStationsarepreparedwithfullinforma-
tiononwinterlubrication.
Thelubricantinthetransmissionandrearaxleshouldbe
thinnedwithkeroseneassoonastheweatherissocoldthatthe
transmissiongearsarehardtoshift.Ifa sufficientamountof
keroseneisaddedtoprovideforthelowestwintertemperature
expected,itwillnotbenecessarytoaddkeroseneagainthere-
afterduringthewinter.Tenpercent(alittleoverhalfa pint)
ofkerosene,ifadded,willtakecareoftemperaturesdowntoten
belowzero.
Thereareseverallubricantsonthemarketwhichhavea low
enoughpourpointsothattheywillnotrequirethinning.Seean
authorizedCadillac-LaSalleServiceStationforinformationon
theselubricants.Ifonehasbeenregularlyused,nokerosene
shouldbeadded.Thinningofsucha lubricantisnotonlyun-
necessary,butdefeatsthepurposeofusingitbecauseitwould
havetobedrainedandreplacedonreturnofwarmweather.
Steeringgearlubricant,inanycase,shouldnotbethinnedas
thepressurebetweenthewormandsectorwillforceoutthe
thinnedlubricant,resultinginexcessivewear.A lubricantof
lowenoughcoldtestsoasnottorequirethinningshouldbeused.
StorageBattery
Theelectricalsystemofanautomobilehasmuchmoretodo
inwinterthaninsummer.Theengineishardertocrankand
mustusuallybecrankedlongerbeforeitstarts.Thelightsare
alsousedtomuchgreaterextentthanduringthelongdaysof
[39]