Canberra 2016 User manual

Model 2016
Amplifier/TCA
User’s Manual
9231145C 7/01

Copyright 2001, Canberra Industries, Inc. All rights reserved.
The material in this manual, including all information, pictures,
graphics and text, is the property of Canberra Industries, Inc. and
is protected by U.S. copyright laws and international copyright
conventions. No material in this manual may be reproduced,
published, translated, distributed or displayed by any means
without written permission from Canberra Industries.
Theinformationinthismanualdescribestheproductasaccurately
as possible, but is subject to change without notice.
Printed in the United States of America.
Canberra Industries, 800 Research Parkway, Meriden, CT 06450
Tel: [phone] FAX: [phone] http://www.canberra.com

Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Amplifier Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Pulse Height Analyzer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Multiplexer Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ICB Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Controls and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Front Panel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Rear Panel Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Internal Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Amplifier Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TCA Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Amplifier Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Hardware Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Amplifier Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Preamp Fall Time Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. Operation With ADC and MCA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ADC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Spectroscopy Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. Using the Genie-VMS Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Calibration Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Gain Normalization Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TCA Window Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
View Setup Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Download Setup Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6. Using the Genie-PC/Genie-2000 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Calibration Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Gain Normalization Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
TCA Window Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
View Setup Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Download Setup Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7. Circuit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Input Amplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Differentiator and Gain Stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Gain Stage Stabilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Active Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Unipolar Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Baseline Restorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Restorer Gate, Auto Threshold and Auto Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Fast Discriminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Bipolar Amplifier and Crossover Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Inhibit Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Triple Channel Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Computer Controlled Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SCA Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SCA Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Pileup Rejector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
SCA Output Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A. Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Pileup Rejector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Internal Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Manual Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Computer Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ii

Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Physical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Environmental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
B. Performance Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Pole/Zero Matching Using an Ultra LEGe Detector and 55Fe.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Pole/Zero Matching Using a Square Wave Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Baseline Restorer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Amplifier Shaping Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Operation With Reset Preamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
P/Z Compensation With Reset Preamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Using the Reset Preamp Inhibit Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Triangular Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
ICR Threshold Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Optimizing the Discriminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
ADC Peak Detect Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Calibration and Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
C. VMS Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Defining the Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
D. PC Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Defining the Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
E. Installation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
iii

1. Introduction
The 2016 Amplifier-TCA provides the basic signal processing function for x-ray de-
tectors used in high-rate applications such as EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption
Fine Structure). The Amplifier provides gain, filtering, baseline restoration and ICR
pulse discrimination. The TCA provides three computer controlled pulse height (en-
ergy) analyzers with selectable pileup rejector and different pulse output options suit-
able for counting. In addition the 2016 has a built-in multiplexing function which,
under computer control, selects the amplifier output and SCA output from each of up
to thirty-two 2016’s in a system for routing to an MCA (multichannel analyzer) for
window set up. All of this capability is in a single-wide NIM allowing large scale sys-
tems to be built compactly.
Amplifier Function
The 2016 amplifier is based on the Canberra Model 2025-2026 series of amplifiers
which have been used extensively in x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy. The shaping
time constants have been selected to enhance the throughput rate. The 2016A offers
higher throughput rate while the 2016B has longer time constants needed for high res-
olution at lower rates and for low energy (<1 keV) applications.
Version Shaping (µs)
2016A 1/8, 1/4, ½, 1, 2, 3
2016B 1/4, ½, 1, 2, 4, 6
Pulse Height Analyzer Function
The SCA function comprises three independently computer-controlled, single-channel
analyzers each of which provides a logic pulse output for each input pulse falling
within its preset energy window. Window settings are set using computer control over
an Ethernet link to an Acquisition Interface Module (AIM). The AIM to 2016 module
interface is accomplished through Canberra’s Instrument Control Bus (ICB) for com-
plete control of SCA settings and multiplexed output as described below. For conve-
nience, the window is set symmetrically around a centroid voltage (energy) level. The
module’s pileup rejector, when enabled by computer, inhibits SCA outputs resulting
from input signals that are distorted due to pile-up.

Multiplexer Function
The AIM also provides the Multichannel Analyzer function for set-up purposes when
connected to an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). The 2016’s multiplexer function
provides signal routing for set-up of each SCA window and normalization of signal
levels (gain) using a multichannel analyzer. Typically the “SELECTED AMP” outputs
are daisy chained to an ADC signal input and the “SELECTED SCA” outputs are
daisy chained to the ADC GATE input. Then, depending on the gate mode chosen, the
MCA will either accumulate or exclude only those events falling within the selected
SCA window.
ICB Control
Control of SCA settings and selection of multiplexed outputs are accomplished via the
ICB from an AIM. The ICB can address up to 16 slave devices from a single AIM
which acts as a master. Thus, a typical 13-element detector array system will use a sin-
gle AIM to address the HVPS, ADC and the required thirteen 2016 TCAs. Implemen-
tation of larger systems can be accomplished by adding more AIMs (i.e. a 30-element
array will require two AIMs, 30 TCAs, one ADC and one HVPS).
Software to control the setup of the 2016 and other ICB NIM modules is available un-
der Canberra’s Genie-2000/Genie-PC and Genie-VMS software packages. Software
setup is provided to control the SCA’s centroid window on all three SCAs, SCA Polar-
ity Invert, automatic or manual ICR Threshold, SCA select and PUR enable for each
SCA. Additionally, the software verifies the instrument serial number and model num-
ber each time the input is opened for use.
2
Introduction

2. Controls and Connectors
Front Panel Controls
This is a brief description of the front panel controls and connectors. For more detailed
information, refer to Appendix A, Specifications.
3
Front Panel Controls
Figure 1 Front Panel Controls and Connectors

Rear Panel Connectors
This is a brief description of the rear panel connectors. For more detailed information,
refer to Appendix A, Specifications.
4
Controls and Connectors
Figure 2 Rear Panel Connectors

Internal Controls
Amplifier Board
This is a brief description of the jumper controls on the Amplifier board; the jumpers
are shown in their factory default positions. For more detailed information, refer to
Appendix A, Specifications.
5
Internal Controls
Figure 3 Amplifier Board Jumpers