Case 8000 Series User manual
Series 8000 Router
Reference Manual
(Release 2.1)
©Case Communications Ltd 1997
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-1 Rev.0
Unit 15, Riverside Business Centre, Victoria Street, High Wycombe, Bucks HP11 2LT
Tel (UK): 08700 263 740 Tel (International): +44 (0) 1494 833 740
Fax (UK): 08700 263 741 Fax (International): +44 (0) 1494 833 741
STATUTORYNOTICES
WARNINGS
The 8325/8425/8525 basic units have a removable dress panel fitted
to the front of the unit and removable blanking plates fitted at the
rear. These panels may only be removed by suitably qualified
personnel for installation or maintenance purposes, and must be
replaced afterwards. Removal under any other circumstance
would invalidate the RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and safety
type approvals.
Case Communications Limited has made all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the content of this document but the
information contained herein does not constitute a warranty of performance of the equipment and/or software described and no
specifications given form part of any contract. This document does not constitute a licence to use or copy any software described
herein and any such software must only be used in accordance with the terms of the licence supplied therewith.
Case Communications Limited reserves the right to make alterations to the equipment and software described without notice and
assumes no liability for any loss or damage caused as a result of use of this document whether because of out of date or inaccurate
information or otherwise.
Product and manufacturers' names referred to in this document are used for identification purposes only and Case Communications
Limited acknowledges the intellectual property rights of their respective owners in the same
.
This document is the copyright of Case Communications Limited and may not be reproduced, copied or stored in any computerised
retrieval system by any means whatsoever without the express written permission of Case Communications Limited.
Published by Case Communications Technical Publications Department
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-2 Rev.0
Preface
This manual provides information for X.25 network
supervisors to install and set up the Router module. It
forms part of the Series 8000 Systems Documentation, and
refers to other manuals in the series. It assumes that you
will already have some knowledge of the Series 8000
system obtained either from the systems documentation or
from a Cray training course.
Chapter 5 provides instructions for users of the Router
module.
A glossary is provided at the end of this manual.
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-3 Rev.0
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-4 Rev.0
Contents
1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 The Router Module 1-1
1.2 IP Routing 1-2
1.3 The Gateway Function of Router 1-5
1.4 Multiple Sessions 1-6
1.5 Services 1-7
1.6 Profiles 1-8
2 Installation 2-1
2.1 Hardware Description 2-1
2.1.1 The 8325 TGate/Router Card 2-1
2.1.2 The 8425/8525 TGate/Router Module 2-2
2.2 LAN Port 2-4
2.3 Installation and Removal 2-5
2.3.1 8325 Card 2-5
2.3.2 8425/8525 Module 2-6
2.4 LPIM Installation and Removal 2-7
2.4.1 LPIM Installation 2-7
2.4.2 LPIM Removal 2-7
2.5 Cabling 2-8
2.5.1 AUI Port 2-8
2.5.2 Cheapernet Port 2-8
2.5.3 Twisted Pair Port 2-9
3 Initial Configuration 3-1
3.1 Control Panel Displays 3-1
3.2 Installing the Application 3-2
3.3 Creating the Router Port 3-3
3.4 Initial Configuration Commands 3-4
3.5 Manager-Defined Terminal Configuration 3-6
4 Manager Procedures 4-1
4.1 Overview 4-1
4.2 How the Manager Works 4-2
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-5 Rev.0
4.2.1 Input 4-2
4.2.2 General Rules 4-2
4.2.3 Using Menus 4-3
4.2.4 Using Forms 4-3
4.2.5 Initial Entry to the Manager 4-6
4.2.6 Menu Hierarchy 4-7
4.3 Main Menu 4-8
4.3.1 Quit Manager 4-8
4.3.2 Logoff from Router 4-8
4.4 Configuration Menu 4-9
4.4.1 Configure General Information Form 4-10
4.4.2 Configure Messages Menu 4-12
4.4.3 Configure Protocols Form 4-13
4.4.4 Configure Profiles Menu 4-15
4.4.5 Configure Services Menu 4-30
4.4.6 Configure Load 4-37
4.4.7 Configure Dump 4-37
4.5 Control Menu 4-38
4.5.1 LAN 4-38
4.5.2 WAN 4-38
4.5.3 SERV 4-39
4.5.4 CLEAR 4-42
4.5.5 TRACE 4-42
4.6 Status Screen 4-43
4.6.1 General Status Menu 4-44
4.6.2 Connection Status/Statistics Menu 4-46
4.6.3 Line Status/Statistics Menu 4-49
4.7 IP Router Screen 4-52
4.7.1 General Router Configuration Form 4-53
4.7.2 Routing Table 4-55
4.7.3 Static/Default Routes Form 4-57
4.7.4 Remote Router Status 4-58
4.7.5 Remote Router Configure 4-60
4.7.6 Configure X.25 Router Form 4-61
4.7.7 MAC, IP and ICMP Statistics 4-62
4.7.8 UDP and RIP Statistics 4-63
4.8 Summary of Manager Commands 4-65
4.9 Item Definitions 4-67
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-6 Rev.0
5 User Procedures 5-1
5.1 The User Environment 5-1
5.1.1 The User Welcome Screen 5-1
5.1.2 User Input 5-2
5.2 User Commands 5-3
5.2.1 Command Specifications 5-3
5.2.2 CALL/CONN/OPEN 5-5
5.2.3 DISC/CLOSE 5-6
5.2.4 QUIT/LOGOFF 5-7
5.2.5 SESSION 5-8
5.2.6 STATUS 5-9
5.2.7 SET 5-10
5.2.8 DIRECTORY/CATALOGUE 5-12
5.2.9 HELP/?5-13
5.2.10 LOGIN/LOGON 5-14
Appendices
A Technical Specifications A-1
A.1 Configuration Limits A-1
A.2 Terminal Types A-1
A.3 Cables A-1
A.4 TGate AUI Port A-2
A.5 TPIM Port A-3
A.6 Standards and Approvals A-4
B Default Configuration B-1
C Ethernet, TCP/IP and RIP C-1
C.1 Ethernet CSMA/CD Baseband C-1
C.2 TCP/IP Protocols C-4
C.3 IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet Differences C-7
C.4 RIP C-9
D ASCII Conversion Table D-1
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-7 Rev.0
E Example Applications E-1
E.1 Example of the Gateway Function of Router E-1
E.2 Example Application of IP Routing E-10
F Failure Codes F-1
G Glossary G-1
H Telnet Printer Application Example S/W Program H-1
Figures
1-1 Typical IP Routing Application 1-3
1-2 Typical Application 1-5
2-1 8325 TGate/Router Card Rear Panel 2-1
2-2 8425/8525 TGate Module Combination 2-2
2-3 8425/8525 TGate/Router Module Rear Panel 2-3
2-4 AUI/LPIM Select Links 2-7
2-5 In-Line Cheapernet 2-8
2-6 Network Termination 2-9
4-1 Menu Hierarchy 4-7
C-1 Ethernet Topology C-2
C-2 TCP/IP Protocol Stack C-4
E-1 Example Bulk Servicing Application E-1
E-2 Example IP Routing Application E-10
Tables
2-1 TGate/Router LPIM Types 2-4
X870-300351 Issue 1 0-8 Rev.0
1 Introduction
1.1 The Router Module
The Router module is a component of the Series 8000 range of X.25
switches.
It provides an IP Routing function which allows transparent routing of IP
frames between the local Ethernet network and remote IP Ethernet
networks via a Series 8000 network. The IP Routing function can support
the routing of all the upper layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
The module also provides a gateway function allowing interconnection
between Series 8000 and TCP/IP Ethernet networks.
Physically it comprises a plug-in card which fits into a Series 8000 PSE
taking up a single slot. Connection to the Ethernet 10 Mbps LAN is
through a direct ''tap'' into the LAN cable.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-1 Rev.0
1.2 IP Routing
IP Routing deals with Internet Protocol (IP) packets, which are the most
common type of LAN network layer packets. IP is part of the TCP/IP
protocol suite. IP Routing in Router allows IP packets to be transparently
passed across the X.25 network to remote Ethernet LAN networks, using
Series 8000 X.25 PSEs to provide the transport medium.
Because the IP packets are routed transparently, any protocol supported by
IP may be transported across the X.25 network.
Router will perform three basis tasks in order to successfully route IP
packets through a given network. Firstly, routing tables will be
maintained and distributed throughout the network, thus allowing all
participating routers to keep track of changes in network topology (refer to
Appendix C for an explanation of the Routing Information Protocol).
Secondly, those tables will be used by Router to take routing decisions
when receiving IP packets whose destination network address does not
correspond to the directly-connected network. Router will then forward
these packets to another router closer to the destination. Thirdly, X.25
calls will be set up and cleared down as required in order to allow IP
packets (including routing information) to be passed to other Routers
across the Wide Area Network, encapsulated in X.25 packets.
Automatic distribution of routing information by each Router can be
achieved by broadcasting such information onto the directly-connected
LAN network, and by sending the information to each of the participating
Routers across the X.25 network.
When a Router is first installed in a network, it has no knowledge of the
existence of the remote Routers in the X.25 network, so the X.121
addresses of these remote Routers will need to be configured manually.
The X.121 addresses will subsequently be used in X.25 call set-ups to the
remote Routers.
Instructions on how to configure a Router to participate in IP Routing can
be found in Section 4.7.
Figure 1-2 shows a typical application of IP Routing allowing data to be
passed between remote IP Ethernet LANs.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-2 Rev.0
Figure 1-1 Typical IP Routing Application
HOST 1
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X.25
Network
ROUTER 1
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NETWORK
1.0.0.0
HOST 2
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NETWORK
2.0.0.0
HOST 3
ALIEN
ROUTER
HOST 4
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NETWORK
4.0.0.0
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NETWORK
3.0.0.0
ROUTER 2
ROUTER 3
In order to route IP packets originating on Ethernet network 1.0.0.0 to a
destination on Ethernet network 4.0.0.0, Router 1 will on receipt of a
packet from the LAN addressed to network 4.0.0.0 examine its routing
tables. This should yield the information that Router 2 is the ''next hop''
router.
If an X.25 connection already exists to Router 2, the IP packet will simply
be sent down the existing SVC encapsulated in X.25 packet(s); otherwise a
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-3 Rev.0
new call will be made to the X.121 address of Router 2 before the data can
be sent.
On receipt of the IP packet, Router 2 will examine its routing tables, which
should allow it to forward the packet to the ''next hop'' router on Ethernet
network 2.0.0.0 en route to its final destination.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-4 Rev.0
1.3 The Gateway Function of Router
A user on either X.25 or Ethernet can make a connection to a service on
either network via a single call from a terminal; this is commonly known
as a 'seamless connection'.
Figure 1-1 shows a typical application of the gateway function of Router,
allowing X.25 terminals to access host computers connected to an Ethernet
LAN.
Figure 1-2 Typical Application
HOST 1
HOST 2
X.25
ETHERNET LAN
HOST 3
ROUTERROUTER
Router provides facilities to ensure that the boundary between the two
networks (X.25 and LAN) is as invisible as possible. This allows the two
different networks to appear to the users as one network.
Seamless connections are achieved by automatically translating LAN
addresses to X.25 addresses, and vice versa. The translation process takes
WAN service numbers (X.121 addresses), and maps them to specific
TCP/IP addresses ('sockets', see Appendix C.2). Therefore any standard
X.25 service can be converted to a standard LAN service address.
An example would be the use of Router as an additional access to a Host
computer. The Router would, upon receipt of an X.25 call, automatically
contact the Host over the Ethernet using an IP and TCP address. The users
would be unaware of how they were actually connected.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-5 Rev.0
1.4 Multiple Sessions
In some circumstances it would be advantageous to allow an operator at a
terminal to change between two or more applications, or services, at the
press of a key. For example, a sales desk may require quick access to Sales
Order Processing, Stock Control, and Electronic Mail services.
Multiple sessions provide such a capability. Router allows users to make
more than one outgoing connection. The user simply switches between the
sessions by pressing appropriate keys. The keys are known as 'hot-keys',
and are completely manager-definable.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-6 Rev.0
1.5 Services
Router has two basic types of service: WAN Services and LAN Services.
Router Services describe the address of the service, an optional password,
and connection characteristics (via profiles). Each service has a name
which can be employed by users to connect to their required destinations.
•AWAN Service contains an X.121 address. Users can connect to the
service by two basic methods. The first allows the user to specify the
name of the service; the second is automatic, or seamless selection. This
occurs when an incoming LAN call is received with a TCP port that
matches the TCP port specified in the service. For example, it is possible
to configure a WAN service for access to a DEC system with a TCP port
of 100; when an incoming LAN call for TCP port 100 arrives, the TGate
automatically calls the configured X.121 address.
•ALAN Service contains a LAN socket address (IP address and TCP
port). Again, like the WAN service, this can be selected either by name
or automatically by an incoming X.25 call to Router's X.121 address.
When a call from an X.25 device arrives, Router automatically calls the
destination LAN address.
After a service is created, it must be enabled (a disabled service cannot
have a connection made to it). When enabling a service it is first checked
for any inconsistencies. If there are any, then the service will not be
enabled and the manager is informed of the error.
Both the LAN and WAN have special services to allow users to enter
dialogue. If the service is specified without a destination (e.g. LAN service
without IP address and TCP port), but has a specified incoming address (i.e.
X.121 sub-address for LAN services and TCP port for X.25 services), when
an incoming call matches this incoming address, Router will enter a
dialogue using the specified (or default) user profile. For example, if a
WAN service called LAN-DIALOGUE is configured with a TCP port of 23
but without an X.121 sub-address, then when an incoming LAN call for
TCP port 23 arrives, the user will enter a dialogue with Router. The
service can also be configured with a password, in which case, the user will
be requested to enter the password before entering the dialogue.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-7 Rev.0
1.6 Profiles
Profiles are used within Router to define sets of characteristics that should
be applied in given circumstances. There are three types of profile: a User
Profile that describes the characteristics to be applied to a user, a Service
Profile that describes the characteristics of a connection to a service, and a
Terminal Profile that describes the characteristics of a manager's
terminal. All profiles can be given a name to aid clarity.
•User Profile defines the hot-key sequences, the maximum number of
simultaneous sessions the user can hold, whether or not the user is
allowed to login to the manager facilities, and whether all services must
be specified by name and not address. Additionally, an inactivity timer
can be set so that users will be disconnected from Router if they are
inactive for too long. This can help prevent users leaving terminals
unattended but still using valuable resources. A User Profile is
referenced by a service.
•Service Profile defines the service connection characteristics,
including the initial sequence that is sent to the service upon connection
(e.g. LOGIN SALES), and the refresh sequence that is sent whenever the
service is selected (e.g. entered by hot-key). This refresh sequence
requests that the service redisplay the image on the user's screen. An
inactivity timer can be set so that the service will be disconnected if it is
inactive for too long. This can help prevent users staying logged in to
costly services and not using them. A Service Profile is referenced by a
service.
•Terminal Profiles are provided to allow different types of terminal to
manage Router successfully. There are four pre-defined profiles for the
more popular terminals (VT100/ANSI, ADM3A, IBM 3101 and CIFER
2605), and four manager-definable profiles. Each profile describes both
the input sequences for recognition of various functions (e.g. Submit
Form), and output sequences for screen control. The Terminal Profile
can be selected whenever the manager facilities are accessed, or can be
specified within the general configuration form.
X870-300351 Issue 1 1-8 Rev.0
2 Installation
This chapter is provided as a supplement to the full installation guides for
Series 8000, knowledge of and reference to which is assumed throughout.
2.1 Hardware Description
The Router software can be loaded onto one of two hardware variants: the
TGate/Router card for use within the 8325 card frame, and the
TGate/Router module for use in either the 8425 or 8525 card frame.
Whichever variant is in use, TGate/Router provides a single IEEE 802.3
compliant interface. Various physical LAN interfaces are available as
LPIMs (LAN Port Interface Modules). The interfaces available are
standard AUI, 10Base2 (Cheapernet), and 10BaseT (twisted pair). Each
TGate/Router carries a unique 48-bit Ethernet address which is stored in
the Ethernet PROM.
The following subsections give a brief description of the two TGate/Router
hardware variants.
2.1.1 The 8325 TGate/Router Card
Figure 2-1 8325 TGate/Router Card Rear Panel
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SAFETY WARNING - See instructions for use
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TGate
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PORT 0
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PORT 1
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PORT 2
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PORT 3
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DIAG
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AUI
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Green LED
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LPIM Location
The rear panel carries four centrally-mounted 25-way D-type female
connectors, all of which are reserved for future use. On the left is the AUI
port 15-way D-type female connector. Next to the AUI is the LPIM site for
an optional 10Base2 or 10BaseT interface to the same port. The card also
contains an 8-pin diagnostic port for use by Cray engineers only.
X870-300351 Issue 1 2-1 Rev.0
The only indicator is a green LED, serving as a 'heartbeat', blinking at a
rate dependent upon processor utilisation.
The TGate/Router card displays real-time status information via the 8325
display/control panel, in line with other 8325 cards (see Chapter 7 of the
8325 Installation Guide).
The front of the TGate/Router card carries three 96-way male DIN
connectors to engage with the 8325 backplane.
2.1.2 The 8425/8525 TGate/Router Module
The TGate/Router module for the 8425/8525 systems comprises a three-
board combination of UPM4 (X890-607011), TGate/Router (X890-606712)
and Manager PAM (X890-606811). The UPM4 and TGate/Router fit in the
front of the chassis, while the PAM fits into the rear, as shown in Figure
2-2.
Figure 2-2 8425/8525 TGate Module Combination
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UPM4
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TGate
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Motherboard
There are no configuration links or switches on either the UPM4 or the
TGate/Router.
The UPM4 has several activity indicator LEDs. A seven-segment LED
display is used to display real time status information, along with a
heartbeat indicator, in line with other 8425/8525 cards. A single green
LED indicates processor activity, and a bar graph display indicates further
status information.
The PAM rear panel carries four, centrally-mounted 25-way D-type female
connectors, all of which are reserved for future use. At the top is a 15-way
female D-type connector providing the AUI port. Below the AUI is a cutout
for an optional LPIM providing either a 10Base2 (Cheapernet) or a
X870-300351 Issue 1 2-2 Rev.0
10BaseT (twisted pair) interface. The card also includes an alarm relay
(reserved for future use). The PAM rear panel (=TGate/Router Module
rear panel) is shown in Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 8425/8525 TGate/Router Module Rear Panel
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TGate
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AUI
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PIM
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PORT 3
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PORT 2
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PORT 1
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PORT 0
X870-300351 Issue 1 2-3 Rev.0
2.2 LAN Port
The single LAN port on any TGate/Router variant can be set up for any of
the configurations shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 TGate/Router LPIM Types
INTERFACE LPIM TYPE CONNECTOR
TYPE
AUI,IEEE
802.3 None 15-way D
female
IEEE 10BASE2
CHEAPERNET,
THIN E/NET
CPIM BNC 50ohm
Coaxial
IEEE 10BASET
TWISTED
PAIR
TPIM RJ45
twisted pair
(10-way)
To provide a single Cheapernet or twisted-pair port, the TGate/Router card
is fitted with an LPIM . When an LPIM is fitted, the AUI interface is
disconnected and must not have a drop cable attached.
Headers on the TGate/Router card (8325) or PAM (8425/8525) are used to
select either the AUI interface or the LPIM interface, as described in
Section 2.5.1.
X870-300351 Issue 1 2-4 Rev.0
This manual suits for next models
3
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