Casio CFX-9970G User manual

Basic Operation
1-1 Before Starting Calculations...
1-2 Memory
1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu
1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu
1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu
1
Chapter

14
1-1 Before Starting Calculations...
Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the set up screen
to specify the angle unit and display format.
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kSetting the Angle Unit (Angle)
1. Display the set up screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Angle”.
2. Press the function key for the angle unit you want to specify.
•{Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}
3. Press Jto return to the screen that was on the display when you started the
procedure.
• The relationship between degrees, grads, and radians is shown below.
360°= 2πradians = 400 grads
90°= π/2 radians = 100 grads
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kSetting the Display Format (Display)
1. Display the set up screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Display”.
2. Press the function key for the item you want to set.
•{Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/
{number of significant digits specification}/{exponential format display
range toggle}/{Engineering Mode}
3. Press Jto return to the screen that was on the display when you started the
procedure.
uu
uu
uTo specify the number of decimal places (Fix)
Example To specify two decimal places
1(Fix) 3(2)
Press the function key that corresponds to the
number of decimal places you want to specify
(
n = 0 to 9).
• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of decimal places you specify.

15
Symbol Meaning Unit
E Exa 1018
P Peta 1015
T Tera 1012
G Giga 109
M Mega 106
k kilo 103
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1
uu
uu
uTo specify the number of significant digits (Sci)
Example To specify three significant digits
2(Sci) 4(3)
Press the function key that corresponds to
the number of significant digits you want to
specify (
n = 0 to 9).
• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of significant digits you specify.
• Specifying 0 makes the number of significant digits 10.
uu
uu
uTo specify the exponential display range (Norm 1/Norm 2)
Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2.
Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x|, |x| >1010
Norm 2: 10–9 (0.000000001)>|x|, |x| >1010
uu
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uTo specify the engineering notation display (Eng)
Press 4(Eng) to switch between engineering notation and standard notation.
The indicator “/E” is on the display while engineering notation is in effect.
The following are the 11 engineering notation symbols used by this calculator.
• The engineering symbol that makes the mantissa a value from 1 to 1000 is
automatically selected by the calculator when engineering notation is in effect.
Symbol Meaning Unit
m milli 10–3
µmicro 10–6
n nano 10–9
p pico 10–12
f femto 10–15

16
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...
kk
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kInputting Calculations
When you are ready to input a calculation, first press Ato clear the display.
Next, input your calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right,
and press wto obtain the result.
Example 1 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =
Ac+d-e+baw
Example 2 2(5 + 4) ÷(23 ×5) =
Ac(f+e)/
(cd*f)w
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kCalculation Priority Sequence
This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in
the following order:
1Coordinate transformation Pol (x, y), Rec (r, θ )
Differentials, quadratic differentials, integrations, Σcalculations
d/dx, d2/dx2, ∫dx, Σ, Mat, Solve, FMin, FMax, List→Mat, Fill, Seq, SortA, SortD,
Min, Max, Median, Mean,Augment, Mat→List, List
ALGBR Mode unique commands
expand(, factor(, tExpand(, tCollect(, ∫ (, diff(, solve(, tanLine(, collect(,
combine(, sequence(, sumSeq(, expToTrig(, trigToExp(, signum(
2Type A functions
With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed.
x2, x–1, x!, °’ ”, ENG symbols
3Power/root ^(xy), x
4Fractions ab/c
5Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory name, or variable name.
2π, 5A, X min, F Start, etc.
6Type B functions
With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.
, 3, log, In, ex, 10x, sin, cos, tan, sin–1, cos–1, tan–1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh–1,
cosh–1, tanh–1, (–), d, h, b, o, Neg, Not, Det, Trn, Dim, Identity, Sum, Prod,
Cuml, Percent, AList
7Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions
2, A log2, etc.3
8Permutation, combination nPr, nCr
9×, / (÷)
0+, –

17
!Relational operator
=, G, >, <, ≥, ≤
@And, and
#Or, or, xor, xnor
• Execution is normally performed from left to right, except in the following cases
when it is performed from right to left.
·When functions with the same priority are used in series:
exIn →ex{In( )}
120 120
·When power calculations are used in series in theALGBR Mode:
[5^3^2 →5^(3^2)]
·To produce the same result in the RUN Mode, the above calculation should
be input: (5^3)^2
• Compound functions are executed from right to left.
• Anything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.
Example 2 + 3 ×(log sin2π2+ 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad)
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kMultiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following operations.
Example 2sin30, 10log1.2, 2 , 2Pol(5, 12), etc.
3
• Before constants, variable names, memory names
Example 2π, 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc.
• Before an open parenthesis
Example 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc.
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1
1
2
3
4
5
6

18
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...
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kStacks
The unit employs memory blocks, called stacks , for storage of low priority values
and commands. There is a 10-level numeric value stack , a 26-level command
stack , and a 10-level program subroutine stack . An error occurs if you perform a
calculation so complex that it exceeds the capacity of available numeric value
stack or command stack space, or if execution of a program subroutine exceeds
the capacity of the subroutine stack.
Example
• Calculations are performed according to the priority sequence. Once a
calculation is executed, it is cleared from the stack.
• Storing a complex number takes up two numeric value stack levels.
• Storing a two-byte function takes up two command stack levels.
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kInput, Output and Operation Limitations
The allowable range for both input and output values is 10 digits for the mantissa
and 2 digits for the exponent. Internally, however, the unit performs calculations
using 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.
Example 3 ×105÷7 – 42857 =
AdEf/hw
dEf/h-
ecifhw
P.16
P.20
1
2
3
4
5
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
2
3
4
5
4
×
(
(
+
×
(
+
...
...
Numeric Value Stack Command Stack

19
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kOverflow and Errors
Exceeding a specified input or calculation range, or attempting an illegal input
causes an error message to appear on the display. Further operation of the
calculator is impossible while an error message is displayed. The following events
cause an error message to appear on the display.
• When any result, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory
exceeds ±9.999999999 ×1099 (Ma ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to perform a function calculation that exceeds the
input range (Ma ERROR).
• When an illegal operation is attempted during statistical calculations (Ma
ERROR). For example, attempting to obtain 1VAR without data input.
• When the capacity of the numeric value stack or command stack is exceeded
(Stk ERROR). For example, entering 25 successive (followed by 2 +3 *
4w.
• When an attempt is made to perform a calculation using an illegal formula (Syn
ERROR). For example, 5 ** 3 w.
• When you try to perform a calculation that causes memory capacity to be
exceeded (Mem ERROR).
• When you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a valid
argument (Arg ERROR).
• When an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matrix calculations
(Dim ERROR).
• When no solution exists for an ALGBR Mode operation (Undefined).
• When the result of anALGBR Mode operation exceeds the range of the
calculator (Overflow ERROR).
• When a value input in the ALGBR Mode is outside the domain of the operation
being performed (Domain ERROR).
• When anALGBR Mode operation in which only real numbers have been input
produces a result that is a complex number while the set up screen'sAnswer
Type item is specified as "Real" (Non-Real ERROR).
• When no solution can be obtained using the Solve Function in theALGBR
Mode (No Solution).
• When an attempt is made to use approx with an expression that generates an
error unique to theALGBR Mode (Ma ERROR).
• Other errors can occur during program execution. Most of the calculator’s keys
are inoperative while an error message is displayed.You can resume operation
using one of the two following procedures.
• Press the Akey to clear the error and return to normal operation.
• Press dor eto display the error.
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1
P.453
P.450
P.41
P.7

20
1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...
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kMemory Capacity
Each time you press a key, either one byte or two bytes is used. Some of the
functions that require one byte are: b, c, d, sin, cos, tan, log, In, , and π.
Some of the functions that take up two bytes are d/dx(, Mat, Xmin, If, For, Return,
DrawGraph, SortA(, PxIOn, Sum, and an+1.
When the number of bytes remaining drops to five or below, the cursor automati-
cally changes from “ _ ” to “ v”. If you still need to input more, you should divide
your calculation into two or more parts.
• As you input numeric values or commands, they appear flush left on the dis-
play. Calculation results, on the other hand, are displayed flush right, except in
theALGBR Mode.
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kGraphic Display and Text Display
The unit uses both a graphic display and a text display. The graphic display is
used for graphics, while the text display is used for calculations and instructions.
The contents of each type of display are stored in independent memory areas.
uu
uu
uTo switch between the graphic display and text display
Press !6(G↔T). You should also note that the key operations used to clear
each type of display are different.
uu
uu
uTo clear the graphic display
Press !4(Sketch) 1(Cls) w.
uu
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uTo clear the text display
Press A.
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kEditing Calculations
Use the dand ekeys to move the cursor to the position you want to change,
and then perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the
calculation, you can execute it by pressing w, or use eto move to the end of
the calculation and input more.
uu
uu
uTo change a step
Example To change cos60 to sin60
cga
ddd
s

21
Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1
uu
uu
uTo delete a step
Example To change 369 × × 2 to 369 ×2
dgj**c
ddD
uu
uu
uTo insert a step
Example To change 2.362to sin2.362
c.dgx
ddddd
![
s
• When you press ![ the insert location is indicated by the symbol ‘‘t’’.
The next function or value you input is inserted at the location of ‘‘t’’. To abort
the insert operation without inputting anything, move the cursor, press ![
again, or press d, eor w.

22
1-2 Memory
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kVariables
This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard. You can use variables to
store values to be used inside of calculations. Variables are identified by single-
letter names, which are made up of the 26 letters of the alphabet, plus rand θ .
The maximum size of values that you can assign to variables is 15 digits for the
mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent. Variable contents are retained even when
you turn power off.
uu
uu
uTo assign a value to a variable
[value] a[variable name] w
Example To assign 123 to variable A
AbcdaaAw
Example To add 456 to variable A and store the result in variable B
AaA+efgaaBw
uu
uu
uTo display the contents of a variable
Example To display the contents of variable A
AaAw
uu
uu
uTo clear a variable
Example To clear variable A
AaaaAw
• To clear all variables, select “Memory Usage” from the SYS Mode.
uu
uu
uTo assign the same value to more than one variable
[value]a[first variable name]a3(~) [last variable name]w
• You cannot use “r” or “ θ ” as a variable name in the above operation.
Example To assign a value of 10 to variables A through F
Abaa!aA
3(~)Fw