Casio fx-115ES User manual

http://world.casio.com/edu/
RCA502160-001V01
E
fx-115ES
fx-991ES
User's Guide

CASIO Europe GmbH
Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany

E-1
About this Manual
•The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format,
while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about
input/output formats, see “Specifying the Input/Output Format”.
•Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it
performs.
Example: 1, 2, +, -, !, A, etc.
•Pressing the 1or Skey followed by a second key performs
the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is
indicated by the text printed above the key.
•The following shows what the different colors of the alternate
function key text mean.
If key marking It means this:
text is this color:
Ye llow Press 1and then the key to access
the applicable function.
Red Press Sand then the key to input the
applicable variable, constant, or symbol.
Purple (or enclosed Enter the CMPLX Mode to access the
in purple brackets) function.
Green (or enclosed Enter the BASE-N Mode to access the
in green brackets) function.
•The following shows an example of how an alternate function
operation is represented in this User’s Guide.
Example: 1s(sin–1)1=
Indicates the function that is accessed by the key
operation (1s) before it. Note that this is not part
of the actual key operation you perform.
sin
–1
{D}
s
Keycap function
Alternate function

E-2
•The following shows an example of how a key operation to select
an on-screen menu item is represented in this User’s Guide.
Example: 1(Setup)
Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number
key operation (1) before it. Note that this is not part
of the actual key operation you perform.
•The cursor key is marked with four arrows,
indicating direction, as shown in the
illustration nearby.In this User’s Guide, cursor
key operation is indicated as f, c, d,
and e.
•The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in
this User’s Guide and the separate Appendix are for illustrative
purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items
they represent.
•The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
•In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for
special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in
connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product
and items that come with it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd.
shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any
other party arising out of the use of this product and the items that
come with it.
kUsing the Separate Appendix
Whenever you see the symbol Appendix in this manual, it
means you should refer to the separate Appendix.
Example numbers (like “<#021>”) in this User’s Guide refer to the
corresponding example number in the Appendix.
Specify the angle unit in accordance with the marks in the Appendix:
Deg : Specify Degree for the angle unit.
Rad : Specify Radian for the angle unit.
Initializing the Calculator
Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the
calculator and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial
default settings. Note that this operation also clears all data currently
in calculator memory.
19(CLR)3(All)=(Yes)
•For information about calculation modes and setup settings, see
“Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup”.
•For information about memory, see “Using Calculator Memory”.
REPLAY

E-3
Safety Precautions
Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this
calculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference.
Caution
This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in
personal injury or material damage if ignored.
Battery
•After removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a safe
place where it will not get into the hands of small children and
accidentally swallowed.
•Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If accidentally
swallowed, consult with a physician immediately.
•Never charge the battery, try to take the battery apart, or allow
the battery to become shorted. Never expose the battery to
direct heat or dispose of it by incineration.
•Improperly using a battery can cause it to leak and damage
nearby items, and can create the risk of fire and personal injury.
•Always make sure that the battery’s positive kand negative
lends are facing correctly when you load it into the
calculator.
•Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in
this manual.
Disposing of the Calculator
•Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing so can
cause certain components to suddenly burst, creating the risk
of fire and personal injury.

E-4
Handling Precautions
•Be sure to press the Okey before using the calculator for
the first time.
•Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery
at least once every three years.
A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of
the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator.
•The battery that comes with this unit discharges slightly during
shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require
replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.
•Low battery power can cause memory contents to become
corrupted or lost completely. Always keep written records of
all important data.
•Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to
temperature extremes.
Very low temperatures can cause slow display response, total
failure of the display, and shortening of battery life. Also avoid
leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near a window, near a heater
or anywhere else it might be exposed to very high temperatures.
Heat can cause discoloration or deformation of the calculator’s
case, and damage to internal circuitry.
•Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected to
large amounts of humidity and dust.
Take care never to leave the calculator where it might be splashed
by water or exposed to large amounts of humidity or dust. Such
conditions can damage internal circuitry.
•Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to strong
impact.
•Never twist or bend the calculator.
Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trousers or other
tight-fitting clothing where it might be subjected to twisting or
bending.
•Never try to take the calculator apart.
•Never press the keys of the calculator with a ballpoint pen or
other pointed object.
•Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.
If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a cloth moistened
in a weak solution of water and a mild neutral household detergent.
Wring out all excess liquid before wiping the calculator. Never use
thinner, benzene or other volatile agents to clean the calculator.
Doing so can remove printed markings and can damage the case.

E-5
Before Using the Calculator
kRemoving the Hard Case
Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove
it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown
in the illustration below.
kTurning Power On and Off
•Press Oto turn on the calculator.
•Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.
kAdjusting Display Contrast
1N(SETUP)c6(]CONT')
This displays the contrast adjustment screen. Use dand eto
adjust display contrast. After the setting is the way you want, press
A.
•You can also adjust contrast using dand ewhile the mode
menu (which appears when you press N) is on the display.
Important!
•If adjusting display contrast does not improve display readability, it
probably means that battery power is low. Replace the battery.

E-6
kAbout the Display
Your calculator has a 31-dot ×96-dot LCD screen.
Example:
kDisplay Indicators
Sample Display:
This Means this:
indicator:
The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1
key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will
disappear when you press a key.
The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing
the Skey. The alpha input mode will be exited
and this indicator will disappear when you press a
key.
MThere is a value stored in independent memory.
STO
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable
name to assign a value to the variable.This indicator
appears after you press 1t(STO).
RCL
The calculator is standing by for input of a variable
name to recall the variable’s value. This indicator
appears after you press t.
STAT The calculator is in the STAT Mode.
CMPLX The calculator is in the CMPLX Mode.
MAT The calculator is in the MATRIX Mode.
VCT The calculator is in the VECTOR Mode.
7The default angle unit is degrees.
8The default angle unit is radians.
9The default angle unit is grads.
FIX A fixed number of decimal places is in effect.
SCI A fixed number of significant digits is in effect.
Math Math style is selected as the input/output format.
$`
Calculation history memory data is available and can
be replayed, or there is more data above/below the
current screen.
Disp The display currently shows an intermediate result
of a multi-statement calculation.
{
Input expression
Calculation result
CMPLX
A
S

E-7
Important!
•For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation
that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the
above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation
internally.
Calculation Modes and
Calculator Setup
kCalculation Modes
When you want to perform this type of Select this
operation: mode:
General calculations COMP
Complex number calculations CMPLX
Statistical and regression calculations STAT
Calculations involving specific number systems
BASE-N
(binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal)
Equation solution EQN
Matrix calculations MATRIX
Generation of a number table based on an TABLE
expression
Vector calculations VECTOR
Specifying the Calculation Mode
(1) Press Nto display the mode
menu.
(2) Press the number key that corresponds to the mode you want to
select.
• To select the CMPLX Mode, for example, press 2.
kConfiguring the Calculator Setup
Pressing 1N(SETUP) displays the setup menu, which you can
use to control how the calculations are executed and displayed.The
setup menu has two screens, which you can jump between using
cand f.
c
f

E-8
•See “Adjusting Display Contrast” for information about how to use
“]CONT'”.
Specifying the Input/Output Format
For this input/output format: Perform this key operation:
Math 1N1(MthIO)
Linear 1N2(LineIO)
•Math format causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other
expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper.
•Linear format causes fractions and other expressions to be
displayed in a single line.
Specifying the Default Angle Unit
To specify this as the default Perform this key operation:
angle unit:
Degrees 1N3(Deg)
Radians 1N4(Rad)
Grads 1N5(Gra)
90°= radians = 100 grads
Specifying the Number of Display Digits
To specify this: Perform this key operation:
Number of Decimal Places 1N6(Fix)0–9
Number of Significant Digits 1N7(Sci)0–9
Exponential Display Range 1N8(Norm)1(Norm1)
or 2(Norm2)
Calculation Result Display Examples
•Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of
decimal places for displayed calculation results.Calculation results
are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed.
Example: 100 ÷7 = 14.286 (Fix3)
14.29 (Fix2)
•Sci: The value you specify (from 1 to 10) controls the number of
significant digits for displayed calculation results.Calculation results
are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed.
Example: 1 ÷7 = 1.4286 ×10–1 (Sci5)
1.429 ×10–1 (Sci4)
Linear FormatMath Format
Math
π
2

E-9
•Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm1, Norm2)
determines the range in which results will be displayed in non-
exponential format. Outside the specified range, results are
displayed using exponential format.
Norm1: 10–2 > x, x>1010
Norm2: 10–9 > x, x>1010
Example: 1 ÷200 = 5 ×10–3 (Norm1)
0.005 (Norm2)
Specifying the Fraction Display Format
To specify this fraction Perform this key operation:
display format:
Mixed 1Nc1(ab/c)
Improper 1Nc2(d/c)
Specifying the Complex Number Display Format
To specify this complex
number format: Perform this key operation:
Rectangular Coordinates 1Nc3(CMPLX)1(a+bi)
Polar Coordinates 1Nc3(CMPLX)2(r∠ θ )
Specifying the Statistical Display Format
Use the following procedure to turn display of the frequency (FREQ)
column of the STAT Mode STAT editor screen on or off.
To specify this: Perform this key operation:
Show FREQ Column 1Nc4(STAT)1(ON)
Hide FREQ Column 1Nc4(STAT)2(OFF)
Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format
To specify this decimal Perform this key operation:
point display format:
Dot (.)1Nc5(Disp)1(Dot)
Comma (,)1Nc5(Disp)2(Comma)
•The setting you configure here is applied for calculation results
only. The decimal point for input values is always a dot (.).

E-10
kInitializing the Calculation Mode and Other
Settings
Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode
and other setup settings as shown below.
19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes)
This setting: Is initialized to this:
Calculation Mode COMP
Input/Output Format MthIO
Angle Unit Deg
Display Digits Norm1
Fraction Display Format d/c
Complex Number Format a+bi
Statistical Display OFF
Decimal Point Dot
•To cancel initialization without doing anything, press A(Cancel)
instead of =.
Inputting Expressions and
Values
kInputting a Calculation Expression Using
Standard Format
Your calculator lets you input calculation expressions just as they
are written.Then simply press the =key to execute it.The calculator
automatically judges the calculation priority sequence for addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division, functions, and parentheses.
Example: 2 (5 + 4) – 2 ×(–3) =
LINE
2(5+4)-
2*y3=
Inputting a Function with Parenthesis
When you input any of the functions shown below, it is automatically
input with the open parenthesis ( ( ) character. Next, you need to
input the argument and the closing parenthesis ( ) ).
sin(, cos(, tan(, sin–1(, cos–1(, tan–1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh–1(,
cosh–1(, tanh–1(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3 '(, Abs(, Pol(, Rec(,
∫(, d/dx(, Σ(, P(, Q(, R(, arg(, Conjg(, Not(, Neg(, det(, Trn(, Rnd(

E-11
Example: sin 30 =
LINE
s30)=
Pressing sinputs “sin(”.
•Note that the input procedure is different if you want to use Math
format. For more information, see “Inputting with Math Format”.
Omitting the Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following cases.
•Before an open parentheses ( ( ): 2 ×(5 + 4), etc.
•Before a function with parenthesis: 2 ×sin(30), 2 ×'(3), etc.
•Before a prefix symbol (excluding the minus sign): 2 ×h123, etc.
•Before a variable name, constant, or random number:
20 ×A, 2 ×π, 2 ×i, etc.
Final Closed Parenthesis
You can omit one or more closed parentheses that come at the end
of a calculation, immediately before the =key is pressed. For
details, see “Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis”.
Displaying a Long Expression
The display can show up to 14 characters at a time. Inputting the
15th character causes the expression to shift to the left.At this time,
the ]indicator appears to the left of the expression, indicating that
it runs off the left side of the screen.
Input expression: 1111 + 2222 + 3333 + 444
Displayed portion:
•When the ]indicator is displayed, you can scroll left and view the
hidden part by pressing the dkey. This will cause the 'indicator
to appear to the right of the expression. At this time, you can use
the ekey to scroll back.
Number of Input Characters (Bytes)
•You can input up to 99 bytes of data for a single expression.
Basically, each key operation uses up one byte. A function that
requires two key operations to input (like 1s(sin–1)) also uses
only one byte.Note, however, that when you are inputting functions
with Math format, each item you input uses up more than one
byte. For more information, see “Inputting with Math Format”.
Cursor
Math

E-12
•Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) or
horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are
10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in the current expression, the
cursor changes shape to
I
to let you know. If the
I
cursor
appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and
calculate the result.
kCorrecting an Expression
This section explains how to correct an expression as you are
inputting it. The procedure you should use depends on whether you
have insert or overwrite selected as the input mode.
About the Insert and Overwrite Input Modes
With the insert mode, the displayed characters shift to the left to
make room when you input a new character.With the overwrite mode,
any new character you input replaces the character at the current
cursor position.The initial default input mode is insert.You can change
to the overwrite mode when you need it.
•The cursor is a vertical flashing line (I) when the insert mode is
selected. The cursor is a horizontal flashing line ( ) when the
overwrite mode is selected.
•The initial default for Linear format input is the insert mode. You
can switch to the overwrite mode by pressing 1Y(INS).
•With Math format, you can only use the insert mode. Pressing
1Y(INS) when the Math format is selected does not switch to
the overwrite mode. See “Incorporating a Value into a Function” for
more information.
•The calculator automatically changes to the insert mode whenever
you change the input/output format from Linear to Math.
Changing the Character or Function You Just Input
Example: To correct the expression 369 ×13 so it becomes
369 ×12
LINE 369*13
Y
2

E-13
Deleting a Character or Function
Example: To correct the expression 369 ××12 so it becomes
369 ×12
LINE Insert Mode:
369**12
dd
Y
Overwrite Mode:
369**12
ddd
Y
Correcting a Calculation
Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60)
LINE Insert Mode:
c60)
dddY
s
Overwrite Mode:
c60)
dddd
s
Inserting Input into a Calculation
Always use the insert mode for this operation. Use dor eto
move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input,
and then input what you want.

E-14
kDisplaying the Location of an Error
If an error message (like “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERROR”)
appears when you press =, press dor e. This will display the
part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor
positioned at the error location. You can then make necessary
corrections.
Example: When you input 14 ÷0 ×2 = by mistake instead of 14 ÷
10 ×2 =
Use the insert mode for the following operation.
LINE
14/0*2=
Press eor d.
This is causing the error.
d1
=
You can also exit the error screen by pressing A, which clears the
calculation.
kInputting with Math Format
When inputting with Math format, you can input and display fractions
and some functions using the same format as they appear in your
textbook.
Important!
•Certain types of expressions can cause the height of a calculation
formula to be greater than one display line.The maximum allowable
height of a calculation formula is two display screens (31 dots ×2).
Further input will become impossible if the height of the calculation
you are inputting exceeds the allowable limit.
•Nesting of functions and parentheses is allowed. Further input will
become impossible if you nest too many functions and/or
parentheses. If this happens, divide the calculation into multiple
parts and calculate each part separately.

E-15
Functions and Symbols Supported for Math Format
Input
•The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory that
are used up by input.
Function/Symbol Key Operation Bytes
Improper Fraction '9
Mixed Fraction 1'(()13
log(a,b) (Logarithm) &6
10^x(Power of 10) 1l($)4
e^x(Power of e)1i(%)4
Square Root !4
Cube Root 1!(#)9
Square, Cube w, 1w(x3)4
Reciprocal E5
Power 64
Power Root 16(")9
Integral 78
Derivative 17(F)6
Σ Calculation 1&(8)8
Absolute Value 1w(Abs) 4
Parentheses (or )1
Math Format Input Examples
•The following operations are all performed while Math format is
selected.
•Pay close attention to the location and size of the cursor on the
display when you input using Math format.
Example 1: To input 23+ 1
MATH 263
Math
e+1
Math
Example 2: To input 1 + ' 2 + 3
MATH 1+!2
Math
e+3
Math

E-16
Example 3: To input (1 + )2×2 =
MATH
(1+'2c5e)
Math
w*2=
•When you press =and obtain a calculation result using Math
format, part of the expression you input can be cut off as shown in
the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to view the entire input
expression again, press Aand then press e.
Incorporating a Value into a Function
When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input
expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a
function.
Example: To incorporate the expression inside of the parentheses
of 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 into the 'function
MATH
Math
Move the cursor to here.
1Y(INS)
Math
This changes the shape of the cursor as shown here.
!
Math
This incorporates the expression in the
parentheses into the function '.
•If the cursor is located left of a particular value or fraction (instead
of an open parentheses), that value or fraction will be incorporated
into the function specified here.
•If the cursor is located left of function, the entire function is
incorporated into the function specified here.
The following examples show the other functions that can be used
in the above procedure, and the required key operations to use them.
Original Expression:
Function Key Operation Resulting Expression
Fraction '
log(a,b) &
Power Root 16(")
2
5

E-17
Original Expression:
Function Key Operation Resulting Expression
Integral 7
Derivative 17(F)
ΣCalculation 1&(8)
You can also incorporate values into the following functions.
1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), 1w(Abs)
Displaying Calculation Results
in a Form that Includes ''
''
'2, π,
etc. (Irrational Number Form)
When “MthIO”is selected for the input/output format, you can specify
whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes
expressions like '2 and π(irrational number form).
•Pressing =after inputting a calculation displays the result using
irrational number form.
•Pressing 1=after inputting a calculation displays the result
using decimal values.
Note
•When “LineIO” is selected for the input/output format, calculation
results are always displayed using decimal values (no irrational
number form) regardless of whether you press =or 1=.
•πform (form that includes πwithin irrational number display) display
conditions are the same as those for S-D conversion. For details,
see “Using S-D Transformation”.
Example 1: '2 +'8 = 3'2
MATH
1!2e+!8=
Math
2!2e+!81=
Math

E-18
Example 2: sin (60) = (Angle Unit: Deg)
MATH
s60=
Math
Example 3: sin–1 (0.5) = π(Angle Unit: Rad)
MATH
1s(sin–1)0.5=
Math
•The following are the calculations for which 'form (form that
includes 'within irrational number display) results can be
displayed.
a.Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ('),
x2, x3, x–1
b. Trigonometric function calculations
c. Complex number Abs calculations
d.CMPLX Mode polar coordinate display (r∠ θ )
The following are the input value ranges for which 'form is always
used for display of trigonometric calculation results.
Angle Unit Input Value Range
Setting Angle Value Input for 'Form
Calculation Result
Deg Units of 15°앚x앚< 9 ×109
Rad Multiples of π radians 앚x앚< 20π
Gra Multiples of grads 앚x앚< 10000
Calculation results may be displayed in decimal form for input values
outside of the above ranges.
k'Form Calculation Range
Note
When performing complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode,
the following conditions apply respectively to both the real part and
the imaginary part.
Results that include square root symbols can have up to two terms
(an integer term is also counted as a term).
'form calculation results use display formats like those shown
below.
1
6
±a'b, ±d±a'b, ±a'b
±
d'e
cf
1
12
50
3
'3
2