Casio fx-100MS User manual

RJA526827-001V02
fx-100MS
fx-115MS
fx-570MS
fx-991MS
User’s Guide
CASIO Worldwide Education Website
http://edu.casio.com
CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM
http://edu.casio.com/forum/
E
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Contents
Important Information .....................................................2
Sample Operations..........................................................2
Initializing the Calculator................................................2
Safety Precautions ..........................................................2
Handling Precautions......................................................2
Removing the Hard Case................................................3
Turning Power On and Off ..............................................3
Adjusting Display Contrast ............................................3
Reading the Display ........................................................4
Specifying the Calculation Mode ..................................4
Configuring the Calculator Setup ..................................4
Inputting Expressions and Values.................................6
Basic Calculations...........................................................7
Function Calculations................................................... 11
Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) ...................15
Using CALC....................................................................16
Using SOLVE..................................................................16
Statistical Calculations (SD, REG) ...............................17
Base-nCalculations (BASE).........................................20
Equation Calculations (EQN) .......................................22
Matrix Calculations (MAT) (fx-570MS/991MS only) ..........24
Vector Calculations (VCT) (fx-570MS/991MS only) ..........27
Scientific Constants (fx-570MS/991MS only)....................29
Metric Conversion (fx-570MS/991MS only).......................30
Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits,
and Precision.................................................................31
Error Messages..............................................................33
Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... .....34
Replacing the Battery....................................................35
Specifications ................................................................35
E-1

E-2
Important Information
• The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in
this User’s Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ
somewhat from the actual items they represent.
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
• In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for
special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items
that come with it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be
liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising
out of the use of this product and the items that come with it.
• Be sure to keep all user documentation handy for future reference.
Sample Operations
Sample operations in this manual are indicated by a icon. Unless
specifically stated, all sample operations assume that the calculator
is in its initial default setup. Use the procedure under “Initializing the
Calculator” to return the calculator to its initial default setup.
Initializing the Calculator
Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the
calculator and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial
default settings. Note that this operation also clears all data currently
in calculator memory.
O!N(CLR)3(All)=
Safety Precautions
Battery
• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
• Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this
manual.
Handling Precautions
• Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery
power is low. Continued use of the calculator when the battery
is low can result in improper operation. Replace the battery
as soon as possible when display figures becomes dim. Even
if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery
at least once every two years (fx-100MS), or three years (fx-
115MS/570MS/991MS). A dead battery can leak, causing damage
to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery
in the calculator.
• The battery that comes with the calculator discharges slightly
during shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require
replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.

E-3
• Do not use an oxyride battery* or any other type of nickel-based
primary battery with this product. Incompatibility between such
batteries and product specifications can result in shorter battery
life and product malfunction.
• Avoid use and storage of the calculator in areas subjected
to temperature extremes, and large amounts of humidity and
dust.
• Do not subject the calculator to excessive impact, pressure, or
bending.
• Never try to take the calculator apart.
• Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator.
• Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do
so in accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular
area.
* Company and product names used in this manual may be registered
trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
Removing the Hard Case
fx-115MS fx-100MS/570MS/991MS
Turning Power On and Off
Press Oto turn on the calculator.
Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.
Auto Power Off
Your calculator will turn off automatically if you do not perform any
operation for about 10 minutes. If this happens, press the Okey to
turn the calculator back on.
Adjusting Display Contrast
1. Press the ,key a number of times until you
reach the setup screen shown to the right.
2. Press c.
3. Use dand eto adjust contrast.
4. After the setting is the way you want, press A.
Important: If adjusting display contrast does not improve display
readability, it probably means that battery power is low. Replace
the battery.
B

E-4
Reading the Display
The display of the calculator shows expressions you input, calculation
results, and various indicators.
Input expression
Indicators
Calculation result
Specifying the Calculation Mode
When you want to perform this type
of operation:
Perform this key
operation:
General calculations N1(COMP)
Complex number calculations N2(CMPLX)
Standard deviation NN1(SD)
Regression calculations NN2(REG)
Calculations involving specific number
systems (binary, octal, decimal,
hexadecimal)
NN3(BASE)
Equation solution NNN1(EQN)
Matrix calculations
(fx-570MS/991MS only) NNN2(MAT)
Vector calculations
(fx-570MS/991MS only) NNN3(VCT)
Note: • The initial default calculation mode is the COMP Mode.
• Mode indicators appear in the upper part of the display, except for
the BASE indicators, which appear in the exponent part of the display.
• Engineering symbols are automatically turned off while the calculator
is the BASE Mode. • You cannot make changes to the angle unit or
other display format (Disp) settings while the calculator is in the BASE
Mode. • The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG Modes can be used in
combination with the angle unit settings. • Be sure to check the current
calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit setting
(Deg, Rad, Gra) before beginning a calculation.
Configuring the Calculator Setup
Pressing the Nkey more than three times displays additional
setup screens.
Underlined ( ___ ) settings are initial defaults.
1Deg 2Rad 3Gra Specifies degrees,
radians or grads as the angle unit for value input
and calculation result display.

E-5
Note: In this manual, the vsymbol next to a sample operation
indicates degrees.
1Fix 2Sci 3Norm Specifies the number
of digits for display of a calculation result.
Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls
the number of decimal places for displayed calculation results.
Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being
displayed.
Example: 100 ÷ 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3)
Sci: The value you specify (from 1 to 10) controls the number of
significant digits for displayed calculation results. Calculation results
are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed.
Example: 1 ÷ 7 = 1.4286 × 10
–1
(Sci 5)
Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm 1, Norm
2) determines the range in which results will be displayed in non-
exponential format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed
using exponential format.
Norm 1: 10
–2
 |x|, |x|  10
10
Norm 2: 10
–9
 |x|, |x|  10
10
Example: 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10
–3
(Norm 1); 0.005 (Norm 2)
be
d
de
d
e
EngON E n gOFF
a+b ir∠θ
1EngON 2EngOFF Specifies whether engineering symbols are
used (EngON) or not used (EngOFF) during value input. The “Eng”
indicator is displayed while EngON is selected.
1a+b
i 2r∠ (CMPLX Mode/EQN Mode only) Specifies either
rectangular coordinates (
a+bi) or polar coordinates (r∠) for CMPLX
Mode/EQN Mode solutions. The “r∠” indicator is displayed while polar
coordinates (
r∠) are selected.
1ab/c 2d/c Specifies either mixed fraction (ab/c) or improper
fraction (d/c) for display of fractions in calculation results.
1Dot 2Comma Specifies whether to display a dot or a comma
for the calculation result decimal point. A dot is always displayed
during input.
Dot: Period decimal point, comma separator
Comma: Comma decimal point, period separator
Initializing Calculation Mode and Setup
To return the calculation mode and setup to the initial defaults shown
below, press O1N(CLR)2(Mode)=.
Calculation Mode: COMP
Angle Unit: Deg
Exponential Display Format: Norm 1, EngOFF
Complex Number Display Format:
a+bi
Fraction Display Format: a b/c
Decimal Point Character: Dot

E-6
Inputting Expressions and Values
4 × sin30 × (30 + 10 × 3) = 120 v
4 *s30 *( 30 +10 *3 )=
Note: • The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79
“steps”. One step is taken up each time you press a number key or
arithmetic operator key (+,-,*,/). A 1or Skey operation
does not take up a step, so inputting 1^(
x'), for example,
takes up only one step. • Whenever you input the 73rd step of any
calculation, the cursor changes from “_” to “k” to let you know memory
is running low.
Calculation Priority Sequence
When the priority of two expressions is the same, the calculation is
performed from left to right.
1st
Function with parentheses: Pol (
x, y), Rec (r, ),
differentials (
d/dx), integrations (∫dx), normal distribution
(P(, Q(, R()
2nd
Type A functions: With these functions, the value is
entered and then the function key is pressed. (
x3 , x2 , x
−1
,
x!, ° ’ ”, m, m1 , m2 , n, 't, °,
r
,
g
, engineering symbols, metric
conversions*) (*fx-570MS/991MS only)
3rd Powers and roots: ^(
xy ),
x'
4th Fractions
5th Implied multiplication of π,
e (natural logarithm base),
memory name, or variable name: 2π, 3
e, 5A, πA, etc.
6th
Type B functions: With these functions, the function key is
pressed and then the value is entered. (',
3
', log, ln, ex ,
10
x
, sin, cos, tan, sin
−1
, cos
−1
, tan
−1
, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh
−1
,
cosh
−1
, tanh
−1
, (−), d, h, b, o, Neg, Not, Det*, Trn*, arg, Abs,
Conjg) (*fx-570MS/991MS only)
7th Implied multiplication of Type B functions: 2'3, Alog2, etc.
8th Permutation (nPr), combination (nCr), complex number
polar coordinate symbol (∠)
9th Dot product (·) (fx-570MS/991MS only)
10th Multiplication, division (×, ÷)
11th Addition, subtraction (+, –)
12th Logical AND (and)
13th Logical OR, XOR, XNOR (or, xor, xnor)
• The negative sign (–) is treated as a Type B function, so particular
care is required when the calculation includes a high-priority Type A
function, or power or root operations.
Example: (−2)4= 16; −24= −16

E-7
Making Corrections During Input
• Use dand eto move the cursor to the location you want.
• Press Dto delete the number or function at the current cursor
position.
• Press !D(INS) to change to an insert cursor t. Inputting
something while the insert cursor is on the display inserts the input
at the insert cursor position.
• Pressing !D(INS), or =returns to the normal cursor from the
insert cursor.
Basic Calculations
Fraction Calculations
2 + 1 = 1 1
3 2 6 2 v3 +1 v2 =1{1{6.
1 = 1
2 2
4 − 3 4 -3 v1 v2 =
1{2.
Note: • Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation will cause
the result to be displayed as a decimal value. • Fractions in calculation
results are displayed after being reduced to their lowest terms.
To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and
mixed fraction format: Press 1v(d/c).
To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal
format: Press v.
Percent Calculations
150 × 20% = 30 150 *20 1=(%) 30.
Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%)
660 /880 1=(%)
75.
Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875)
2500 *15 1=(%)+
2875.
Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625)
3500 *25 1=(%)-
2625.
Discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%. (800)
168 +98 +734 =K1~(STO)-(A)
S-(A)* *20 1=(%) -
800.
* As shown here, if you want to use the current Ans (answer) memory
value in a mark up or discount calculation, you need to assign the
Ans memory value into a variable and then use the variable in the
mark up/discount calculation.

E-8
300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing
500 grams, producing a final test sample of 800 grams. What
percent of 500 grams is 800 grams? (160%)
300 +500 1=(%)
160.
What is the percentage change when a value is increased from
40 to 46? (15%)
46 -40 1=(%) 15.
Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal)
Calculations
The following is the input format for a sexagesimal value: {degrees}
${minutes} ${seconds} $.
Note: You must always input something for the degrees and minutes,
even if they are zero.
2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝
2 $20 $30 $+0 $39 $30 $=
3°0°0.
Convert 2°15´18˝ to its decimal equivalent.
2 $15 $18 $=
2°15°18.
(Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) $2.255
(Converts decimal to sexagesimal.) 1$(←) 2°15°18.
Multi-Statements
You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions
and execute them in sequence from left to right when you press =.
3 + 3 : 3 × 3 3 +3 Sf(:) 3 *3 =6.
Disp
=9.
Using Engineering Notation
A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering
notation.
Transform the value 1234 to engineering notation, shifting the
decimal point to the right.
1234 =
1234.
W1.234×10
3
W1234.×10
0
Inputting Engineering Symbols
The following are the nine symbols that can be used when engineering
symbols are turned on.

E-9
To input this symbol: Perform this key operation: Unit
k (kilo) 1g(k) 10
3
M (Mega) 1h(M) 10
6
G (Giga) 1i(G) 10
9
T (Tera) 1j(T) 10
12
m (milli) 1f(m) 10
−3
 (micro) 1e() 10
−6
n (nano) 1d(n) 10
−9
p (pico) 1c(p) 10
−12
f (femto) 1b(f) 10
−15
100 m (milli) × 5  (micro) = 500 n (nano)
Nb(Disp)b(EngON)
100 1f(m)*5 1e(μ)=
9 ÷ 10 = 0.9 m (milli)
Nb(Disp)b(EngON)
9 /10 =
When engineering symbols are turned on, even standard (non-engineering)
calculation results are displayed using engineering symbols.
1W(←) 0.9
W
Note: • For displayed values, the calculator selects the engineering
symbol that makes the numeric part of the value fall within the range
of 1 to 1000. • Engineering symbols cannot be used when inputting
fractions.
Calculation History
In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE Mode, the calculator remembers up
to approximately 150 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can
scroll through calculation history contents using fand c.
1 + 1 = 2 1 +1 =2.
2 + 2 = 4 2 +2 =4.
3 + 3 = 6 3 +3 =6.
(Scrolls back.) f4.
(Scrolls back again.) f2.
A calculation stored in calculation history can be displayed as a
multi-statement. For information about what you can do with multi-
statements, see “Multi-Statements”.
500.
n
Eng
m500.
n
Eng
m
m
900.
Eng
m
900.
Eng
m
900.
Eng
m
900.
Eng