CES LANDTEC GEM 2000 User manual

GEM™2000
GAS ANALYZER & EXTRACTION MONITOR
OPERATION MANUAL
For Sales & Service Contact
2650 E. 40th Ave. • Denver, CO 80205
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone]
1-800-833-7958
www.geotechenv.com

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
Page ii
©Copyright 2003 by CES-LANDTEC
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or
reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without consent of the
publisher. Making copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a
violation of United States copyright laws.
LANDTEC, GEM and DataField are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
DataField software ©Copyright 1995-2003
For further information contact:
CES-LANDTEC
850 S. Via Lata, Suite 112
Colton, CA 92324
Telephone: [phone] or [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.CES-LANDTEC.com
CES-LANDTEC Release Date: December 24, 2003

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
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Contents
1INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1
2GENERAL OPERATIONAL FEATURES ..................................................................................2
2.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GEM™2000 ..............................................................................2
2.2 TURNING THE INSTRUMENT ON/OFF.....................................................................................................3
2.3 WARM-UP SELF TEST ..........................................................................................................................3
2.4 WARNING AND ERROR DISPLAY ...........................................................................................................4
2.4.1 WARNING Displayed .................................................................................................................4
2.4.2 ERROR Displayed......................................................................................................................4
2.5 STORAGE............................................................................................................................................4
2.6 BATTERY/CHARGING ...........................................................................................................................5
2.7 READ GAS LEVELS SCREEN (GA MODE OF OPERATION)........................................................................5
2.8 OPTIONAL GAS PODS ..........................................................................................................................6
2.9 COLD START .......................................................................................................................................6
3GENERAL OPERATIONS MENU .............................................................................................7
3.1 ZERO TRANSDUCERS...........................................................................................................................7
3.2 UPDATE SITE DATA .............................................................................................................................7
3.3 DATA LOGGING (GA MODE ONLY).........................................................................................................7
3.4 PRINT DATA ........................................................................................................................................7
3.5 ADJUST CONTRAST .............................................................................................................................7
3.6 FIELD CALIBRATION .............................................................................................................................7
3.6.1 Zero Channels............................................................................................................................8
3.6.2 Span Channels...........................................................................................................................8
3.6.3 Factory Settings .........................................................................................................................8
3.6.4 Last Field Cal .............................................................................................................................8
3.7 MODE OF OPERATION..........................................................................................................................8
4TAKING PROBE READINGS (GA MODE) ...............................................................................9
4.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS.........................................................................................................................9
4.2 UPDATE SITE DATA .............................................................................................................................9
4.3 TAKING READINGS –WITH ID ..............................................................................................................9
4.4 TAKING READINGS –WITHOUT ID ......................................................................................................10
4.5 TEMPERATURE PROBE READING........................................................................................................11
4.6 CROSS-GAS EFFECTS .......................................................................................................................11
4.6.1 Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen ....................................................................................11
4.6.2 H2S, CO and other Optional Gas Pods ....................................................................................12
4.7 MEMORY ...........................................................................................................................................12
5TAKING EXTRACTION WELL READINGS (GEM MODE).....................................................13
5.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS.......................................................................................................................13
5.2 UPDATE SITE DATA ...........................................................................................................................13
5.3 TAKING GAS AND FLOW READINGS (GEM MODE)...............................................................................13
6DATAFIELD CS SOFTWARE .................................................................................................15
6.1 INSTALLING DATAFIELD CS................................................................................................................15
6.2 ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATIONS ......................................................................................................16
6.3 MAIN SCREEN ...................................................................................................................................18
6.4 CLOSE THE PROGRAM .......................................................................................................................18
6.5 COMMUNICATIONS.............................................................................................................................18
6.6 FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................................................19

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6.6.1 Comments................................................................................................................................19
6.6.2 Entering IDs .............................................................................................................................21
6.6.3 Editing IDs................................................................................................................................24
6.6.4 Delete IDs ................................................................................................................................26
6.6.5 Re-sequencing .........................................................................................................................27
6.6.6 Readings ..................................................................................................................................29
6.6.7 Site Questions..........................................................................................................................31
6.7 SETTINGS ......................................................................................................................................... 35
6.7.1 Instrument Settings ..................................................................................................................35
6.7.2 Resource Links ........................................................................................................................41
7FIELD OPERATIONS ..............................................................................................................42
7.1 LANDFILL GAS GENERATION ..............................................................................................................42
7.2 SUBSURFACE FIRES ..........................................................................................................................42
7.3 TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING LANDFILL GAS.................................................................................43
7.3.1 Controlling by Wellhead Valve Position ...................................................................................43
7.3.2 Controlling by Wellhead Vacuum .............................................................................................43
7.3.3 Controlling by Gas Composition...............................................................................................43
7.3.4 Controlling by Flow Rate ..........................................................................................................43
7.4 WELL FIELD MONITORING ..................................................................................................................44
7.5 TYPICAL FIELD READINGS..................................................................................................................44
7.6 ABBREVIATED FIELD READINGS .........................................................................................................45
7.7 WELL FIELD ADJUSTMENT CRITERIA...................................................................................................45
7.8 ESTABLISHING TARGET FLOWS..........................................................................................................46
7.9 WELL FIELD OPTIMIZATION ................................................................................................................ 46
7.10 MIGRATION CONTROL—DEALING WITH POOR METHANE QUALITY ...................................................46
7.11 WELL FIELD ADJUSTMENT—PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................47
8TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................48
9TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..............................................................................................49
9.1 PHYSICAL .........................................................................................................................................49
9.2 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................................49
9.3 POWER SUPPLY ................................................................................................................................49
9.4 GAS RANGES ....................................................................................................................................49
9.5 PUMP ...............................................................................................................................................50
9.6 OPERATING CONDITIONS................................................................................................................... 50
9.7 OPTIONAL GAS PODS ........................................................................................................................50

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
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1 Introduction
CES-LANDTEC is the premier manufacturer of products, instruments and software for landfill gas extraction
and for regulatory monitoring compliance. CES-LANDTEC has provided the landfill industry with a
technologically innovative family of products for more than a decade. These products are the result of field-
proven experience in design, operation and maintenance of landfills for environmental compliance.
The GEM™2000, designed by CES-LANDTEC, is specifically for use on landfills to monitor landfill gas
(LFG) extraction systems, flares and migration control systems. The GEM™2000 samples and analyses
the Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen content of LFG. The readings are displayed and can be stored
in the instrument or downloaded to a personal computer for reporting, analysing and archiving.
The GEM™2000 instrument is frequently shipped in an optional protective hard case with a foam interior
offers additional protection, transportation convenience and component hardware storage. When properly
sealed, the hard case is watertight. The hard case is equipped with a pressure relief valve (located under
the handle on the case) that is normally kept closed. If there is a change in elevation, the hard case may
not open until turning the pressure relief valve equalizes internal pressure. When shipping a GEM™2000
back to CES-LANDTEC for calibration or service, always ship it in the original packaging to protect unit from
damage.
Carefully unpack the contents of the GEM™2000, inspect and inventory them. The following items should
be contained in your package:
¾The GEM™2000 instrument
¾GEM™2000 Operation Manual
¾Registration/Warranty Card
¾Soft carrying case with replaceable protective window and carrying strap
¾Clear ¼” vinyl sampling hose assembly (5 ft.) with external water trap filter assembly
¾Blue ¼” vinyl pressure sampling hose (5 ft.)
¾Spare internal particulate filter element
¾Polypropylene male connector (hose barb) connects to blue vinyl tubing
¾Spare external water trap filter element
¾100-240 volt battery charger
¾DataField CS software on CD-ROM
¾RS-232 serial cable for computer/printer data downloading
¾Temperature probe (optional)
¾Hard carrying case (optional)
Complete the Registration/Warranty Card and return it to CES-LANDTEC. The model and serial numbers
are located on the back of the GEM™2000 instrument.
Immediately notify shipping company if the GEM™2000 unit or accessories are damaged due to
shipping. Contact CES-LANDTEC immediately if any items are missing.
For questions regarding instrument operation and procedures, please contact CES-LANDTEC at:
Customer Service or Technical Support
Factory Service
Spare Parts and Calibration Gas
DataField Software Support
[phone]

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2 General Operational Features
2.1 Physical Characteristics of the GEM™2000
Front View Back View
Sample
Inlet
or Static
Pressure
Port
Exhaust
Port
RS232
Communication
Socket
Charger
Socket
Particulate
Filte
r
Housing
Impac
t
Pressure
Port
Left Side View
Charger Socket
RS232 Communication
Socket for Computer Cable,
optional Temperature Probe
or optional Gas Pod
Exhaust Port

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Right Side View
Sample Inlet o
r
Static Pressure Port
Impact Pressure Port
On/Off Key
Enter/Store
Key
Pump operation and
Back Space Key
Backlight operation and
‘0’ (zero) Key
Number entry
Keys
Number entry,
Navigation
and Curso
r
Keys
Keypad
Whenever a key is pressed the unit will emit a short ‘beep’ as an acknowledgement. This function cannot be
turned off.
2.2 Turning the Instrument On/Off
When switching the instrument on, a long beep will sound, followed by the CES-LANDTEC logo being
displayed and the self-test will commence.
When switching the instrument off, the On/Off button must be held down for approximately 15 seconds, at
which point a clean air purge will be carried out. If for any reason the instrument ‘locks-up’ and will not
switch off, press and hold the On/Off button for 15 seconds. This will force the instrument to switch off.
2.3 Warm-up Self Test
When switched on, the instrument will perform a predetermined self-test sequence taking approximately 20
seconds, during this time many of the instrument’s functions are tested, including:
•General operation
•Pump function
•Gas flow measurement
•Calibration
•Backlight function
•Solenoid function

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During the self-test, the following information is also displayed:
•Calibration due date.
•Software version.
•Lifetime guarantee covered (or not).
•Date format.
•Serial Number.
•Operating language.
Upon self-test completion, the GEM™2000 should automatically enter the read gas levels screen.
2.4 Warning and Error Display
During the self-test, if any operational parameters are out of specification or the pre-programmed
recommended calibration/service date has passed errors or warnings may be displayed. Only three
errors/warnings can be displayed at any time. To ascertain if more errors occurred, use the ‘∧’ and ‘∨’ key to
scroll up/down the list.
2.4.1 WARNING Displayed
All warnings displayed will be prefixed by the word ‘WARNING‘ followed by a relevant description. Two
types of warnings may be displayed.
1. General warnings that may not have an effect on the instrument’s function and those where the self-
test has detected a function that is outside the usual programmed operating criteria (e.g. Battery
charge low, memory nearly full, etc.).
2. Specific warnings of operational parameters that can affect the performance of the instrument (e.g.
O2Cell out of calibration, CH4out of calibration, CO2out of calibration, etc.).
The most likely reason for the errors is either an incorrect user calibration, or sensor failure. If an incorrect
user calibration has caused the warning, it should be correctable by way of returning the instrument to
factory settings, zeroing or carrying out a user calibration as necessary for the relevant function.
2.4.2 ERROR Displayed
All errors displayed will be prefixed by the word ‘ERROR‘ followed by a number and description. The errors
detected by the self-test are usually caused by a user calibration being out of specification or possibly
memory corruption. This will have an effect on the functionality of the instrument and should be corrected
before use (e.g. 01 - User cal data, CH4reading or channel out of specification, 02 - User cal data, CO2
reading out of specification).
If any other Warnings or Errors are displayed, contact CES-LANDTEC for further information.
CES-LANDTEC is the ONLY authorized service center for the GEM™2000 instruments in the
Americas
2.5 Storage
Do not keep the instrument in the trunk of a car or shed because it may be exposed to temperature
extremes.
When not in use, instruments should be kept in a clean, dry and warm environment such as an office.
The instrument batteries should be discharged and fully charged at least once every four weeks regardless
of indicated charge state. The discharge function may be carried out with the use of the Data Logging
Function in GA mode of operation.

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2.6 Battery/Charging
The Battery Charger IS NOT covered by the unit UL certification. Therefore, when connected to the
Battery Charger, the instrument IS NOT intrinsically safe and should not be used in confined
spaces.
The battery used in the GEM™2000 is a Nickel Metal Hydride manufactured as an encapsulated pack from
six individual cells. This type of battery is not so susceptible to “memory effects” as Nickel Cadmium
batteries, although it is not recommended that the unit be given short-term charges. When the flashing LED
indicates “Charging Complete”, disconnect the charger.
The battery charger indicates when the unit is charging, charged or if there is a fault. A full charge should
take approximately 2 hours. Charge the batteries until the ‘Charging Complete’ indicator is flashing.
2.7 Read Gas Levels Screen (GA mode of operation)
The read gas levels screen is also considered the normal operation screen and all operations are carried
out from this starting point. The following information is displayed in various boxed sections at this time:
•Current programmed time and date.
•Current selected ID code.
•Pump status.
•Pump run time.
•Three main constituent gases – CH4, CO2, O2(in %).
•Balance gas.
•Last read time/date (if previous data is in memory), the benefits of this are, 1 – it is easily noted if a
reading has been taken/stored, 2 – the current and previous readings can be easily compared.
•External Gas Pod “Not Fitted” (displays pod type when attached).
•Peak CH4 reading (in %) (GA mode only).
•LEL CH4(GA mode only).
•Current barometric pressure reading.
•Current relative pressure reading (GA mode only).
•Gas Pod or Temperature Probe reading (if connected).
•Battery Charge graph (5 segment, flashes at 20% remaining).
•Memory Usage graph (5 segment, flashes at 5% remaining).

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Other options:
cMenu Allows access to all instrument user functions.
eNext ID Allows the next ID to be selected (if data available).
iPrevious Reading Allows the previous reading of the selected ID to be viewed (if data available).
↵Store Reading Stores the current displayed reading. (GA mode only)
2.8 Optional Gas Pods
Optional gas pods are available for use with the GEM™2000. These pods are available in seven different
gases with nine different PPM ranges. Connection to the instrument is made via the data port and exhaust
port. The detected PPM level is displayed in the upper right area of the gas read screen and is saved in the
same manner as the other gas readings.
Gas Type Range (PPM) Resolution (PPM)
H2S 0-50 0.1
0-200 1.0
CO 0-1000 1.0
SO20-20 0.1
0-100 1.0
NO20-20 0.1
CL20-20 0.1
H20-1000 1.0
HCN 0-100 1.0
Gas pods are intended for use as an inexpensive detection means and not for regulatory reporting
purposes. If the GEM™2000, fitted with a Gas Pod, indicates the presence of the selected gas, further
testing should be performed with regulatory approved instrumentation. CES-LANDTEC recommends that
field calibration be performed using the relevant gas and concentration, prior to sampling with a gas pod.
2.9 Cold Start
THIS FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED ONLY AS A LAST RESORT.
(For Gas Calibration Error Massages, confirm that Factory Setting and User Calibration is done).
A Cold Start should only be carried out to correct an instrument if no other course of action has proved
successful. This function WILL ERASE the instrument memory entirely. After a cold start is performed the
user will need to reset the instrument to factory settings, perform a field calibration and reset the internal
time/date to the default settings. Please note, the time/date may only be updated through DataField
software. It cannot be updated manually.
To carry out a cold start, turn the instrument on, during the self-test press and continue to hold the ‘↵’ key
until the self-test has been completed. Upon completion of the self-test, a pass code entry screen will be
displayed. At this point the ‘↵’ key may be released. Enter the code 12345 and press ‘↵’ to confirm.
After the pass-code entry has been accepted, the instrument serial number will be displayed along with the
hours of operation and two options:
1 - Cold Start
0 - Continue
ONLY select option ‘1’ if a Cold Start is to be carried out. Press key ‘1’ to confirm this operation. The cold
start menu will be displayed again, press key ‘0’ to continue with normal operation.