CES LANDTEC GEM 2000 User manual

GEM™2000
GAS ANALYZER & EXTRACTION MONITOR
OPERATION MANUAL
For Sales & Service Contact
2650 E. 40th Ave. • Denver, CO 80205
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone]
1-800-833-7958
www.geotechenv.com

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
Page ii
©Copyright 2003 by CES-LANDTEC
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or
reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without consent of the
publisher. Making copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a
violation of United States copyright laws.
LANDTEC, GEM and DataField are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
DataField software ©Copyright 1995-2003
For further information contact:
CES-LANDTEC
850 S. Via Lata, Suite 112
Colton, CA 92324
Telephone: [phone] or [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.CES-LANDTEC.com
CES-LANDTEC Release Date: December 24, 2003

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
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Contents
1INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1
2GENERAL OPERATIONAL FEATURES ..................................................................................2
2.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GEM™2000 ..............................................................................2
2.2 TURNING THE INSTRUMENT ON/OFF.....................................................................................................3
2.3 WARM-UP SELF TEST ..........................................................................................................................3
2.4 WARNING AND ERROR DISPLAY ...........................................................................................................4
2.4.1 WARNING Displayed .................................................................................................................4
2.4.2 ERROR Displayed......................................................................................................................4
2.5 STORAGE............................................................................................................................................4
2.6 BATTERY/CHARGING ...........................................................................................................................5
2.7 READ GAS LEVELS SCREEN (GA MODE OF OPERATION)........................................................................5
2.8 OPTIONAL GAS PODS ..........................................................................................................................6
2.9 COLD START .......................................................................................................................................6
3GENERAL OPERATIONS MENU .............................................................................................7
3.1 ZERO TRANSDUCERS...........................................................................................................................7
3.2 UPDATE SITE DATA .............................................................................................................................7
3.3 DATA LOGGING (GA MODE ONLY).........................................................................................................7
3.4 PRINT DATA ........................................................................................................................................7
3.5 ADJUST CONTRAST .............................................................................................................................7
3.6 FIELD CALIBRATION .............................................................................................................................7
3.6.1 Zero Channels............................................................................................................................8
3.6.2 Span Channels...........................................................................................................................8
3.6.3 Factory Settings .........................................................................................................................8
3.6.4 Last Field Cal .............................................................................................................................8
3.7 MODE OF OPERATION..........................................................................................................................8
4TAKING PROBE READINGS (GA MODE) ...............................................................................9
4.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS.........................................................................................................................9
4.2 UPDATE SITE DATA .............................................................................................................................9
4.3 TAKING READINGS –WITH ID ..............................................................................................................9
4.4 TAKING READINGS –WITHOUT ID ......................................................................................................10
4.5 TEMPERATURE PROBE READING........................................................................................................11
4.6 CROSS-GAS EFFECTS .......................................................................................................................11
4.6.1 Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen ....................................................................................11
4.6.2 H2S, CO and other Optional Gas Pods ....................................................................................12
4.7 MEMORY ...........................................................................................................................................12
5TAKING EXTRACTION WELL READINGS (GEM MODE).....................................................13
5.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS.......................................................................................................................13
5.2 UPDATE SITE DATA ...........................................................................................................................13
5.3 TAKING GAS AND FLOW READINGS (GEM MODE)...............................................................................13
6DATAFIELD CS SOFTWARE .................................................................................................15
6.1 INSTALLING DATAFIELD CS................................................................................................................15
6.2 ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATIONS ......................................................................................................16
6.3 MAIN SCREEN ...................................................................................................................................18
6.4 CLOSE THE PROGRAM .......................................................................................................................18
6.5 COMMUNICATIONS.............................................................................................................................18
6.6 FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................................................19

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6.6.1 Comments................................................................................................................................19
6.6.2 Entering IDs .............................................................................................................................21
6.6.3 Editing IDs................................................................................................................................24
6.6.4 Delete IDs ................................................................................................................................26
6.6.5 Re-sequencing .........................................................................................................................27
6.6.6 Readings ..................................................................................................................................29
6.6.7 Site Questions..........................................................................................................................31
6.7 SETTINGS ......................................................................................................................................... 35
6.7.1 Instrument Settings ..................................................................................................................35
6.7.2 Resource Links ........................................................................................................................41
7FIELD OPERATIONS ..............................................................................................................42
7.1 LANDFILL GAS GENERATION ..............................................................................................................42
7.2 SUBSURFACE FIRES ..........................................................................................................................42
7.3 TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING LANDFILL GAS.................................................................................43
7.3.1 Controlling by Wellhead Valve Position ...................................................................................43
7.3.2 Controlling by Wellhead Vacuum .............................................................................................43
7.3.3 Controlling by Gas Composition...............................................................................................43
7.3.4 Controlling by Flow Rate ..........................................................................................................43
7.4 WELL FIELD MONITORING ..................................................................................................................44
7.5 TYPICAL FIELD READINGS..................................................................................................................44
7.6 ABBREVIATED FIELD READINGS .........................................................................................................45
7.7 WELL FIELD ADJUSTMENT CRITERIA...................................................................................................45
7.8 ESTABLISHING TARGET FLOWS..........................................................................................................46
7.9 WELL FIELD OPTIMIZATION ................................................................................................................ 46
7.10 MIGRATION CONTROL—DEALING WITH POOR METHANE QUALITY ...................................................46
7.11 WELL FIELD ADJUSTMENT—PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................47
8TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................48
9TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..............................................................................................49
9.1 PHYSICAL .........................................................................................................................................49
9.2 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................................49
9.3 POWER SUPPLY ................................................................................................................................49
9.4 GAS RANGES ....................................................................................................................................49
9.5 PUMP ...............................................................................................................................................50
9.6 OPERATING CONDITIONS................................................................................................................... 50
9.7 OPTIONAL GAS PODS ........................................................................................................................50

GEM™2000 Operation Manual
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1 Introduction
CES-LANDTEC is the premier manufacturer of products, instruments and software for landfill gas extraction
and for regulatory monitoring compliance. CES-LANDTEC has provided the landfill industry with a
technologically innovative family of products for more than a decade. These products are the result of field-
proven experience in design, operation and maintenance of landfills for environmental compliance.
The GEM™2000, designed by CES-LANDTEC, is specifically for use on landfills to monitor landfill gas
(LFG) extraction systems, flares and migration control systems. The GEM™2000 samples and analyses
the Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen content of LFG. The readings are displayed and can be stored
in the instrument or downloaded to a personal computer for reporting, analysing and archiving.
The GEM™2000 instrument is frequently shipped in an optional protective hard case with a foam interior
offers additional protection, transportation convenience and component hardware storage. When properly
sealed, the hard case is watertight. The hard case is equipped with a pressure relief valve (located under
the handle on the case) that is normally kept closed. If there is a change in elevation, the hard case may
not open until turning the pressure relief valve equalizes internal pressure. When shipping a GEM™2000
back to CES-LANDTEC for calibration or service, always ship it in the original packaging to protect unit from
damage.
Carefully unpack the contents of the GEM™2000, inspect and inventory them. The following items should
be contained in your package:
¾The GEM™2000 instrument
¾GEM™2000 Operation Manual
¾Registration/Warranty Card
¾Soft carrying case with replaceable protective window and carrying strap
¾Clear ¼” vinyl sampling hose assembly (5 ft.) with external water trap filter assembly
¾Blue ¼” vinyl pressure sampling hose (5 ft.)
¾Spare internal particulate filter element
¾Polypropylene male connector (hose barb) connects to blue vinyl tubing
¾Spare external water trap filter element
¾100-240 volt battery charger
¾DataField CS software on CD-ROM
¾RS-232 serial cable for computer/printer data downloading
¾Temperature probe (optional)
¾Hard carrying case (optional)
Complete the Registration/Warranty Card and return it to CES-LANDTEC. The model and serial numbers
are located on the back of the GEM™2000 instrument.
Immediately notify shipping company if the GEM™2000 unit or accessories are damaged due to
shipping. Contact CES-LANDTEC immediately if any items are missing.
For questions regarding instrument operation and procedures, please contact CES-LANDTEC at:
Customer Service or Technical Support
Factory Service
Spare Parts and Calibration Gas
DataField Software Support
[phone]

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2 General Operational Features
2.1 Physical Characteristics of the GEM™2000
Front View Back View
Sample
Inlet
or Static
Pressure
Port
Exhaust
Port
RS232
Communication
Socket
Charger
Socket
Particulate
Filte
r
Housing
Impac
t
Pressure
Port
Left Side View
Charger Socket
RS232 Communication
Socket for Computer Cable,
optional Temperature Probe
or optional Gas Pod
Exhaust Port

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Right Side View
Sample Inlet o
r
Static Pressure Port
Impact Pressure Port
On/Off Key
Enter/Store
Key
Pump operation and
Back Space Key
Backlight operation and
‘0’ (zero) Key
Number entry
Keys
Number entry,
Navigation
and Curso
r
Keys
Keypad
Whenever a key is pressed the unit will emit a short ‘beep’ as an acknowledgement. This function cannot be
turned off.
2.2 Turning the Instrument On/Off
When switching the instrument on, a long beep will sound, followed by the CES-LANDTEC logo being
displayed and the self-test will commence.
When switching the instrument off, the On/Off button must be held down for approximately 15 seconds, at
which point a clean air purge will be carried out. If for any reason the instrument ‘locks-up’ and will not
switch off, press and hold the On/Off button for 15 seconds. This will force the instrument to switch off.
2.3 Warm-up Self Test
When switched on, the instrument will perform a predetermined self-test sequence taking approximately 20
seconds, during this time many of the instrument’s functions are tested, including:
•General operation
•Pump function
•Gas flow measurement
•Calibration
•Backlight function
•Solenoid function

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During the self-test, the following information is also displayed:
•Calibration due date.
•Software version.
•Lifetime guarantee covered (or not).
•Date format.
•Serial Number.
•Operating language.
Upon self-test completion, the GEM™2000 should automatically enter the read gas levels screen.
2.4 Warning and Error Display
During the self-test, if any operational parameters are out of specification or the pre-programmed
recommended calibration/service date has passed errors or warnings may be displayed. Only three
errors/warnings can be displayed at any time. To ascertain if more errors occurred, use the ‘∧’ and ‘∨’ key to
scroll up/down the list.
2.4.1 WARNING Displayed
All warnings displayed will be prefixed by the word ‘WARNING‘ followed by a relevant description. Two
types of warnings may be displayed.
1. General warnings that may not have an effect on the instrument’s function and those where the self-
test has detected a function that is outside the usual programmed operating criteria (e.g. Battery
charge low, memory nearly full, etc.).
2. Specific warnings of operational parameters that can affect the performance of the instrument (e.g.
O2Cell out of calibration, CH4out of calibration, CO2out of calibration, etc.).
The most likely reason for the errors is either an incorrect user calibration, or sensor failure. If an incorrect
user calibration has caused the warning, it should be correctable by way of returning the instrument to
factory settings, zeroing or carrying out a user calibration as necessary for the relevant function.
2.4.2 ERROR Displayed
All errors displayed will be prefixed by the word ‘ERROR‘ followed by a number and description. The errors
detected by the self-test are usually caused by a user calibration being out of specification or possibly
memory corruption. This will have an effect on the functionality of the instrument and should be corrected
before use (e.g. 01 - User cal data, CH4reading or channel out of specification, 02 - User cal data, CO2
reading out of specification).
If any other Warnings or Errors are displayed, contact CES-LANDTEC for further information.
CES-LANDTEC is the ONLY authorized service center for the GEM™2000 instruments in the
Americas
2.5 Storage
Do not keep the instrument in the trunk of a car or shed because it may be exposed to temperature
extremes.
When not in use, instruments should be kept in a clean, dry and warm environment such as an office.
The instrument batteries should be discharged and fully charged at least once every four weeks regardless
of indicated charge state. The discharge function may be carried out with the use of the Data Logging
Function in GA mode of operation.

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2.6 Battery/Charging
The Battery Charger IS NOT covered by the unit UL certification. Therefore, when connected to the
Battery Charger, the instrument IS NOT intrinsically safe and should not be used in confined
spaces.
The battery used in the GEM™2000 is a Nickel Metal Hydride manufactured as an encapsulated pack from
six individual cells. This type of battery is not so susceptible to “memory effects” as Nickel Cadmium
batteries, although it is not recommended that the unit be given short-term charges. When the flashing LED
indicates “Charging Complete”, disconnect the charger.
The battery charger indicates when the unit is charging, charged or if there is a fault. A full charge should
take approximately 2 hours. Charge the batteries until the ‘Charging Complete’ indicator is flashing.
2.7 Read Gas Levels Screen (GA mode of operation)
The read gas levels screen is also considered the normal operation screen and all operations are carried
out from this starting point. The following information is displayed in various boxed sections at this time:
•Current programmed time and date.
•Current selected ID code.
•Pump status.
•Pump run time.
•Three main constituent gases – CH4, CO2, O2(in %).
•Balance gas.
•Last read time/date (if previous data is in memory), the benefits of this are, 1 – it is easily noted if a
reading has been taken/stored, 2 – the current and previous readings can be easily compared.
•External Gas Pod “Not Fitted” (displays pod type when attached).
•Peak CH4 reading (in %) (GA mode only).
•LEL CH4(GA mode only).
•Current barometric pressure reading.
•Current relative pressure reading (GA mode only).
•Gas Pod or Temperature Probe reading (if connected).
•Battery Charge graph (5 segment, flashes at 20% remaining).
•Memory Usage graph (5 segment, flashes at 5% remaining).

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Other options:
cMenu Allows access to all instrument user functions.
eNext ID Allows the next ID to be selected (if data available).
iPrevious Reading Allows the previous reading of the selected ID to be viewed (if data available).
↵Store Reading Stores the current displayed reading. (GA mode only)
2.8 Optional Gas Pods
Optional gas pods are available for use with the GEM™2000. These pods are available in seven different
gases with nine different PPM ranges. Connection to the instrument is made via the data port and exhaust
port. The detected PPM level is displayed in the upper right area of the gas read screen and is saved in the
same manner as the other gas readings.
Gas Type Range (PPM) Resolution (PPM)
H2S 0-50 0.1
0-200 1.0
CO 0-1000 1.0
SO20-20 0.1
0-100 1.0
NO20-20 0.1
CL20-20 0.1
H20-1000 1.0
HCN 0-100 1.0
Gas pods are intended for use as an inexpensive detection means and not for regulatory reporting
purposes. If the GEM™2000, fitted with a Gas Pod, indicates the presence of the selected gas, further
testing should be performed with regulatory approved instrumentation. CES-LANDTEC recommends that
field calibration be performed using the relevant gas and concentration, prior to sampling with a gas pod.
2.9 Cold Start
THIS FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED ONLY AS A LAST RESORT.
(For Gas Calibration Error Massages, confirm that Factory Setting and User Calibration is done).
A Cold Start should only be carried out to correct an instrument if no other course of action has proved
successful. This function WILL ERASE the instrument memory entirely. After a cold start is performed the
user will need to reset the instrument to factory settings, perform a field calibration and reset the internal
time/date to the default settings. Please note, the time/date may only be updated through DataField
software. It cannot be updated manually.
To carry out a cold start, turn the instrument on, during the self-test press and continue to hold the ‘↵’ key
until the self-test has been completed. Upon completion of the self-test, a pass code entry screen will be
displayed. At this point the ‘↵’ key may be released. Enter the code 12345 and press ‘↵’ to confirm.
After the pass-code entry has been accepted, the instrument serial number will be displayed along with the
hours of operation and two options:
1 - Cold Start
0 - Continue
ONLY select option ‘1’ if a Cold Start is to be carried out. Press key ‘1’ to confirm this operation. The cold
start menu will be displayed again, press key ‘0’ to continue with normal operation.

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3 General Operations Menu
The following features and functions are selectable from the main menu via key ‘cMenu’ from the read gas
levels screen. Various options are available to the user including:
3.1 Zero Transducers
This function allows the user to zero the pressure transducer(s). Upon selection, the current pressure
reading is displayed. The operation will be carried out when the ‘↵’ is pressed.
3.2 Update Site Data
Allows the user to answer questions (pre-defined in DataField software) relating to the site (e.g. name of
operator, weather conditions, etc.). Site Questions are different from Site Comments.
This is covered in detail in Section 6 of this manual.
3.3 Data Logging (GA mode only)
Enables the user to leave the Instrument unattended to take samples at a pre-determined time. The reading
interval and pump run time may be edited prior to commencing the logging cycle. The ID code may ONLY
be set in DataField communication software.
Once the logging function is activated, the instrument will carry out a 30 second ‘Warm-up’ countdown
(displayed bottom right) and begin the first sample. After each sample, the unit will shut down (sleep) to
conserve power if the time between the pump ending and the next sample is greater than 30 seconds.
The instrument is reactivated (awakened) during a logging cycle, the company logo will be displayed for a
few seconds and the read gas levels screen will be displayed. This will initiate a 30 second countdown to
the next sample being taken unless the operator stops the logging function.
If for any reason during a logging cycle the inlet port were to become blocked the Instrument will sense this
as a flow fail during the ‘pump on’ time and will automatically retry until a reading can be obtained.
Therefore, position the sample tubing carefully to ensure no blockage due to water/moisture can occur.
3.4 Print Data
Allows ALL the data currently stored to be printed. This may ONLY be carried out with an appropriate
RS232 cable (included with new instruments & available from CES-LANDTEC) and a printer with a serial
port connection.
3.5 Adjust Contrast
The GEM™2000 automatically adjusts the screen contrast according to the ambient temperature to
maintain normal viewing.
The contrast can be manually adjusted by using the ‘<’ and ‘>’ cursor keys. The manual contrast setting is
stored when the instrument is switched off.
3.6 Field Calibration
Whenever carrying out a user calibration function it is important to ensure the correct value is entered.
Additionally, in the case of a zeroing function, ensure only ambient air is used and no connection is made to
a probe or wellhead fitting. The calibration cylinders sold by CES-LANDTEC have a volume of 17 liters.
The regulator, sold by same, is set to 0.5 liters per minute. A normal field calibration usually requires the
gas to be running for about two minutes.

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Upon selecting this option, the Field Calibration screen is displayed. A brief description of the user span
calibration procedure and the current reading (row ‘R’) and user span calibration gas values (row ‘S’) are
displayed.
The span gas values may be changed via the ‘eEdit Target Concentrations’ option. Once this option has
been selected, all the gas values will require entry. Each entry is to be confirmed by pressing the ‘↵’ key.
3.6.1 Zero Channels
Selected from the ‘Field Calibration’ - ‘↵-Calibration Menu’ allows the relevant reading to be zeroed.
When selected, a list of the available options will be displayed, this usually includes CH4, and O2, also the
Gas Pod (if fitted).
Supply a zero gas mixture to the instrument for the gas to be zeroed. Insure the reading for the selected
gas has settled to its lowest value before selecting the zero function. When the required option is selected,
the user zero function will be carried out automatically. The operation will be carried out when the ‘↵’ key is
pressed.
3.6.2 Span Channels
Spanning Channels should be carried out prior to use or when the ambient operating temperature changes
greater than +/- 20 degrees. Selected from the ‘Field Calibration’ - ‘↵-Calibration Menu’, allows the
relevant reading to be span calibrated (in accordance with the calibration value entered). When selected, a
list of the available options will be displayed, which includes CH4, CO2, O2, and Gas Pod (if fitted).
When the required option is selected from the list, the span calibration function will be carried out
automatically. When carrying out this procedure, ensure the span calibration procedure (as outlined below)
is followed:
1. Apply the relevant known certified gas concentration through the inlet port of the Instrument.
2. Wait until the current gas reading has stabilized.
3. Select the required calibration option via the ‘↵-Calibration Menu’.
3.6.3 Factory Settings
This will clear any user zero and span calibration data. It will also restore the pre-programmed factory
settings for ALL channels – CH4, CO2, O2or Gas Pod (if fitted) and pressure transducers.
3.6.4 Last Field Cal
Displays the date the last field calibration was carried out (zero or span).
3.7 Mode of Operation
Allows changing instrument between GA mode and GEM mode of operation.

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4 Taking Probe Readings (GA Mode)
CES-LANDTEC classifies non-extraction wells as Probes when NOT connected to an active vacuum
extraction system. Probes, (commonly known as migration probes), may be placed on the perimeter of
the landfill to test for gas migration or may be placed next to a building or road to test for the presence
of Methane. The GEM™2000 instrument may be configured as a Gas Analyzer (GA mode) for
sampling probes. To access this function from the gas read screen press ‘c’ for menu and scroll down
to Mode of Operation, press the ‘↵’ key and highlight Landfill Gas Analyzer, pressing the ‘↵’ key
again will select GA mode of operation.
4.1 Preliminary Checks
Prior to going to the test site, it is good practice to ensure:
•All necessary ID codes and readings have been uploaded via DataField software.
•The time and date are correct.
•The water trap has a clean and dry filter fitted.
•The inlet-port particulate filter is clean and dry.
•A supply of spare filters is available in case of accidental water blockage or contamination.
•The battery has a good charge (minimum 25% charge, even if only a few readings are required).
•The memory has sufficient space available.
•The CH4, CO2, and O2readings have been auto-zeroed, without gas concentration present.
•Check the span calibration with a known concentration calibration gas.
Travel to site with the analyzer in the vehicle's interior - not in the trunk or truck bed, where it may be
subjected to extremes of temperature and possible shock damage. Do not place the analyzer against
anything hot (e.g. gas extraction pipe, car body or in an unattended car during the summer). This may
cause erroneous readings.
When moving around a site, protect the instrument from strong direct sunlight, heavy rain or wind-chill.
Strong direct sunlight can raise the temperature of the instrument beyond its operating range. If this occurs,
the LCD display will appear almost black and the contrast setting cannot alter the contrast.
Always use the water trap! If the water trap becomes flooded, change the filter immediately and ensure all
tubes are clear before re-use.
4.2 Update Site Data
Prior to taking the readings at a particular site, the Site Data should be updated (if programmed). This is
accessed via the General Menu ‘cUpdate Site Data’. This function removes the need for the site
conditions to be recorded manually.
A series of up to five questions can be pre-programmed with the use of DataField and answered at this
time. The answers to these questions are stored and appended to each reading stored thereafter, until the
site data is updated for another site.
4.3 Taking Readings – With ID
For this function to be used it is essential that the relevant ID and if required, previous readings are
uploaded to the Instrument. An ID cannot be entered from the Instrument.
1. When the read gas levels screen is displayed, option ‘eNext ID’ should be selected. A list of stored
IDs is displayed for selection via the ‘∧’ and ‘∨’ cursor keys, the ‘next’ ID on the list is automatically
highlighted. To confirm selection, press the ‘↵’ key. The display may be toggled to display any
relevant ID information such as a description of the probe location, work to be carried out, etc.

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2. A reminder is displayed to disconnect sample tubes, as a clean air purge will automatically remove
the previous sample from the instrument. Purge time may be set via DataField (default is 30
seconds). Once the ‘↵’ key is pressed, purge will begin and the Read Gas Levels screen will be
displayed upon completion. The purge may be aborted by pressing the ‘1EXIT’ key.
3. The ID number selected and the pump runtime is displayed in the upper left corner of the read gas
levels display.
4. At this point, connect the sample tube (with water trap) from the sample point to the inlet port of the
instrument, ensuring the connector ‘clicks’ into place. Then connect the sample tube to the probe
sample port. Do not connect the sample tube to the probe port before connecting to the
instrument as this will cause any pressure in the probe to dissipate and a proper pressure
reading will not be taken.
5. As soon as the connection is made, the relative/static pressure reading will be displayed. No
sample is taken from the probe at this time. Once the reading stabilizes and the pump starts, the
relative/static pressure reading is stored. The relative/static reading will remain displayed as the
pressure last taken.
6. The pump will run for the pre-programmed time and a countdown timer will be displayed. The pump
may be stopped or started at anytime by way of the ‘!’ (pump) key. The reading may be stored at
anytime with the use of the ‘↵’ key. When the pump automatically stops this should be used as a
prompt to store the reading.
7. Upon storing the reading, any pre-programmed questions will be displayed for response. This may
require a numeric, alphanumeric selectable comment, or exclusive comment answer. A maximum of
eight selectable and exclusive comments may be entered.
8. Disconnect the sample tubing from the probe and proceed to Step 1 for the next probe.
For each reading, the following information will be stored:
•ID code.
•Current time/date.
•Site data (if entered).
•All gas readings and balance (CH4, CO2, O2).
•LEL CH4.
•Barometric Pressure.
•Relative Pressure.
•Questions/comments.
•Temperature (if temperature probe is connected).
•Gas Pod (if connected).
When the instrument is switched off, a clean air purge is automatically started for a pre-determined period.
This may be aborted with the use of the ‘↵’ key, although it is not recommended.
A tone will sound and a flashing bell will be displayed next to the appropriate gas reading value if a preset
alarm condition has been exceeded.
4.4 Taking Readings – Without ID
1. From the ID list press ‘gSelect No ID’ or, if ID information has not been uploaded to the instrument,
an ID list will not be available. In either case, the ID will be displayed and stored as ‘- - - - - - - -‘.
9. A reminder is displayed to disconnect sample tubes, as a clean air purge will automatically remove
the previous sample from the instrument. Purge time may be set via DataField (default is 30
seconds). Once ‘↵’ is pressed, purge will begin and the Read Gas Levels screen will be displayed
upon completion. The purge may be aborted by pressing the ‘1EXIT’ key.
2. At this point, connect the sample tube (with water trap) from the sample point to the inlet port of the
instrument, ensuring the connector ‘clicks’ in to place.

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3. Now connect the sample tube to the probe sample port. Do not connect the sample tube to the
probe port before connecting to the instrument as this will cause any pressure in the probe
to dissipate and a proper pressure reading will not be taken.
4. The pump may be started or stopped at anytime by way of the ‘!’ (pump) key and a ‘time-on’ timer
will be displayed. The pump should always be stopped using the ‘↵’ key, before storing a reading.
5. Upon storing the reading, a virtual keyboard will be displayed for any alphanumeric comments to be
entered.
6. Disconnect the sample tubing from the probe and proceed from step 1 for the next probe.
Except for the ID code information, which will be stored as ‘- - - - - - - -‘, and probe questions, for each
reading the information stored will be the same as that for a reading with an ID.
A tone will sound and a flashing bell will be displayed next to the appropriate gas reading value if a preset
alarm condition has been exceeded.
4.5 Temperature Probe Reading
The GEM™2000 has the facility to automatically display and record the probe temperature via an optional
temperature probe (TP-100). When a temperature probe is fitted to the RS232 Communication Socket, the
temperature will be displayed in the read gas levels screen and recorded with all other data. The
temperature probe is part of the GEM™2000 UL certification and is therefore certified for use under the
same conditions as the instrument.
4.6 Cross-Gas Effects
4.6.1 Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
The Methane reading is filtered to an infrared absorption frequency of 3.41µm (nominal), the frequency
specific to hydrocarbon bonds. Instruments are calibrated using certified Methane mixtures and will give
correct readings provided there are no other hydrocarbon gasses present within the sample (e.g. ethane,
propane, butane, etc.). If there are other hydrocarbons present, the Methane reading will be higher (never
lower) than the actual Methane concentration being monitored.
The extent to which the Methane reading is affected depends upon the concentration of the Methane in the
sample and the concentration of the other hydrocarbons. The effect is non-linear and difficult to predict.
The Carbon Dioxide reading is filtered to an infrared absorption frequency of 4.29µm (nominal), the
frequency specific to Carbon Dioxide. Therefore, any other gases usually found on landfill sites will not
affect the Carbon Dioxide reading.
The Oxygen sensor is a newly developed galvanic cell type and suffers virtually no influence from CO2,CO,
H2S, NO2, SO2 or H2, unlike many other types of Oxygen cell.
The infrared sensors will not be "poisoned" by other hydrocarbons. Normal operation will resume as soon
as the gas sample has been purged.
Note - there has been one reported incident of a high reading due to the presence of Carbon Disulphide,
which has a similar absorption frequency to Carbon Dioxide.

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4.6.2 H2S, CO and other Optional Gas Pods
The Gas Pods used to measure H2S and CO do suffer from cross-gas effects. Such effects are not
accurately specified. However, the following table may be useful as a guide. This table represents how
many ppm would be read by a Gas Pod if 100ppm of the interfering gas was applied, (with no other cross-
contaminates being present in the sample).
Cell CO H2S SO2NO2CL2H
2CH4CO2
CO 100 <3 0 <-20 0 <40 0 0
H2S <0.5 100 ~20 ~-20 ~0.1 0 0
NOTE: All readings are given in parts per million (ppm). The life of an electrochemical cell is determined by
exposure to gasses, typical life being one to two years. It is recommended that Gas Pods be field calibrated
at regular intervals.
4.7 Memory
The instrument's memory is volatile. It is maintained by a battery back-up system, which will maintain the
memory while the battery is being changed.
The memory is not to be used as a permanent storage medium and any data should be transferred to a
more permanent storage medium as soon as possible. An Instrument should never be stored for prolonged
periods with valuable data in its memory.
Although unlikely, sudden shocks, high levels of electromagnetic interference or static discharge may cause
memory corruption or loss. If this occurs, the instrument should be Cold Started and the calibration reset to
factory settings before further use. Cold starting will erase all data in the instrument including
resetting the time and date to the default value.

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5 Taking Extraction Well Readings (GEM Mode)
CES-LANDTEC classifies gas-producing penetrations on landfills as wells when used with vacuum
extraction systems and flow determining devices such as the Accu-Flo wellheads, orifice plates or pitot
tubes. The GEM™2000 may be configured as a Gas Extraction Monitor (GEM mode) for the purpose
of sampling wells and obtaining flow measurements. To access this function from the gas read screen
press ‘c’ and scroll down to Mode of Operation, press the ‘↵’ key and highlight Gas Extraction
Monitor, pressing the ‘↵’ key again will select GEM mode of operation.
5.1 Preliminary Checks
Prior to going to site, it is good practice to ensure:
•All necessary ID codes and readings have been uploaded via DataField software.
•The time and date are correct.
•The water trap has a clean and dry filter fitted.
•The inlet-port particulate filter is clean and dry.
•A supply of spare filters is available in case of accidental water blockage or contamination.
•The battery has a good charge (minimum 25% charge, even if only a few readings are required).
•The memory has sufficient space available.
•The CH4, CO2and O2readings have been auto-zeroed without gas concentration present.
•Check the span calibration with a known concentration calibration gas.
Travel to the site with the analyzer in the vehicle's interior - not in the trunk or truck bed, where it may be
subjected to extremes of temperature and possible shock damage. Do not place the analyzer against
anything hot (e.g. gas extraction pipe, car body or in an unattended car during the summer). This may
cause erroneous readings.
When moving around a site, protect the instrument from strong direct sunlight, heavy rain or wind-chill.
Strong direct sunlight can raise the temperature of the instrument beyond its operating range. If this occurs,
the LCD display will appear almost black and the contrast setting cannot alter the contrast.
Always use the water trap! If the water trap becomes flooded, change the filter immediately and ensure all
tubes are clear before re-use.
5.2 Update Site Data
Prior to taking the readings at a particular site, the Site Data should be updated (if programmed). This is
accessed via the General Menu ‘c’. This function removes the need for the site conditions to be recorded
manually. A series of up to five questions can be pre-programmed with the use of DataField and answered
at this time. The answers to these questions are stored and appended to each reading stored thereafter,
until the site data is updated for another site.
5.3 Taking Gas and Flow Readings (GEM Mode)
The GEM mode of operation is designed to allow for gas flow (SCFM) and energy measurements (BTU) to
be calculated at the wellhead. This function requires the use of an ID that has been uploaded from
DataField software with the type of flow device defined. Gas flow and BTU will not be calculated if this
action has not been performed.
1. When the gas read screen is displayed select ‘eNext ID’. A list of stored IDs will be displayed for
selection via the ‘∧’ and ‘∨’ cursor keys, the ‘next’ ID is automatically highlighted, to confirm the selection
press the ‘↵’ key. The screen may be toggled to display any relevant ID information such as a
description of the well location, work to be carried out, etc.

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2. A reminder is displayed to disconnect sample tubes, as a clean air purge will automatically remove the
previous sample from the instrument. Purge time may be set via DataField (default is 30 seconds). Once
the ‘↵’ key is pressed, purge will begin and the Read Gas Levels screen will be displayed upon
completion. The purge may be aborted by pressing the ‘1EXIT’ key.
3. Connect the sample tubes (with water trap filter) to the wellhead ensuring the gas sample tube and
impact pressure tubes are properly oriented. Insert the temperature probe if used.
4. Press the ‘!’ key to start the sample pump; a countdown timer will be displayed in the upper left area of
the display. The pump may be stopped and restarted and any time by pressing the ‘!’ key. The pump
run time is set in DataField software. Allow the gas readings to stabilize and press ‘5Measure Flow’
key, this will store the gas level readings and display the ‘PRESSURE READINGS’ screen. Note; a
flashing bell will be displayed next to the appropriate gas and a beeping tone will be heard, if a preset
alarm condition has been exceeded.
5. The ‘PRESSURE READINGS’ screen will prompt the user to disconnect the sample tubes and allow the
pressure to stabilize. Once the pressure has stabilized press ‘↵Zero Transducers’. Press ‘1’ to
continue. Note; if Accu-Flo wellheads are used this zero function may be performed prior to connecting
the sample tubes to the well head by selecting ‘1MENU’ and highlighting ‘ZERO TRANSDUCERS’.
This eliminates the need to disconnect and re-connect the sample tubes on the same wellhead.
6. If a temperature probe is not connected, the user is prompted to manually input the gas temperature,
press the ‘↵’ key when entry is finished.
7. The gas flow and energy screen is now displayed showing all the gas level readings taken in the gas
read screen as well as the level of gas flow (SCFM) and power (BTU). In addition, Adjusted, Current
and Previous (if downloaded) readings are displayed so modifications may be made to the well if
required.
8. Pressing ‘↵STORE’will save the readings to memory. Then, the comments screen (if comments were
loaded) will display and allow you to answer questions or select comments about the condition of the
well. A total of seven comments and one exclusive comment may be stored with each ID.
9. Press ‘3NEXT ID’and proceed to the next wellhead. An automatic purge will be performed at this time
to ensure the sample has been exhausted from the instrument.
For each reading, the following information will be stored:
•ID code.
•Current time/date.
•Site data (if entered).
•All gas readings and balance gas (CH4, CO2, O2).
•Barometric Pressure.
•Temperature.
•Gas Pod (if connected).
•Gas flow (SCFM) and Power (BTU).
•Comments and exclusive comment.
When the Instrument is switched off, a clean air purge is automatically started for a pre-determined global
period. This may be aborted by pressing the ‘↵’ key, although we do not recommend this action.

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6 DataField CS Software
DataField CS is an integrated software program designed to communicate with the GEM™2000,
GEM™500 and GA-90 instruments. The software will create files used for storing gas read data, ID data,
comments and instrument configuration data. The files created are significantly different from the files
created with GEM_COMM or GA_COMM software and are not compatible with these versions of software.
DataField CS is browser based (Java enabled) and will operate on Windows98 and higher Windows
operating systems. Recommended hardware requirements are:
•Pentium III 500 MHz microprocessor or equal.
•64 MB RAM.
•120 MB of free hard disk space.
•CDROM drive.
•Mouse or pointer system.
•Standard keyboard.
•Installed printer.
6.1 Installing DataField CS
Be sure your computer is turned on and all software programs have been properly closed. Place the
program disk in the CD ROM drive and close the tray. DataField CS will self start and display the DataField
CS set-up screen.*
Install the Internet Explorer 6 SP1 by clicking on the corresponding link in the DataField CS set-up screen.
If you are using Windows 95, install the Internet Explorer 5.5. Follow the onscreen instructions until the
Internet Explorer is installed successfully.
Reboot the computer after the installation of the Internet Explorer is completed.
Re-insert CD Rom to start autorun again.

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Install the DataField CS by clicking on the corresponding link in the DataField CS set-up screen. Follow the
onscreen instructions.*
Other useful links on the DataField CS set-up screen:
Read the DataField CS Overview link will open a presentation with an overview of DataField CS.
Read the Release Notes link has information on the system requirements, application compatibility and
other important issues.
Visit Our Web Site link will open the CES-LANDTEC web site.
Read Our Documents link will open a new window with manuals and user guides for GEM Instruments, as
well as several viewers and 3rd party tools that can be downloaded.
Browse the CD link will open a file browser.
Information / Data Sheets set of links provides information on various Landfill instruments.
* If the DataField CS set-up screen hasn’t appeared, open a file browser (ex. right-click on the Start button
on your desktop and choose open) and navigate to your CD-ROM drive. Double-click on the Autorun.exe.
6.2 Establishing Communications
Connect the RS-232 download cable to an open COM port on your computer. Connect the other end of the
RS-232 download cable to the GEM™2000 data port. DataField CS has the ability to automatically scan
the different COM ports on your computer to find where the instrument is connected.
Turn the instrument on, wait for the self-test function to finish. The Gas Readings screen will display, if not,
then turn off the GEM and re-start the instrument. The GEM™2000 must be in the Gas Reading screen in
order to establish communications.
Once the instrument is in the proper communications mode, click on the Start menu then All Programs
menu. Scroll to DataField and then DataField CS to initialize the software. The following screen will appear
on the computer.
Click Yes to run DataField CS online or No to run it offline.