CIRCUIT DESIGN STD-402TR User manual

1

SYNTHESIZED TRANSCEIVER
UHF FM-NARROW BAND
RADIO DATA MODULE
[Auto Mode Operation Guide]
Version1.1 (February 1999)
CIRCUIT DESIGN,INC.
International Business Division
7557-1 Hotaka,Hotaka-machi,Minamiazumi,Nagano 399-8303.JAPAN
Tel:++(0263)-82-1010 Fax:++(0263)-82-1016
web:http://www.circuitdesign.co.jp
e-mail:[email protected]


2
Precautions during usage
Caution
 As the radio module communicates with electronic radio waves, there are cases where transmission will be
temporarily cut off in accordance with the surrounding environment and method of usage. The manufacturer is
exempt from all responsibility relating to damage to personnel or other equipment and other secondary damage.
 Do not use the equipment within the vicinity of devices that may malfunction as a result of electronic radio waves
from the radio module.
 The manufacturer is exempt from all responsibility relating to secondary damage for the operation, performance and
reliability of equipment connected to the radio module.
 Communication performance will be affected by the surrounding environment, so communication tests should be
carried out before actual use.
 Ensure that the power supply for the radio module is within the specified rating. Short circuits and reverse
connections may result in overheating and damage and must be avoided at all costs.
 Ensure that the power supply has been switched off before attempting any wiring work.
 The case is connected to the GND terminal of internal circuit, so do not contact the '+' side of the power supply
terminal to the case.
 When batteries are used as the power source, avoid short circuits, recharging, dismantling, and pressure. Failure to
observe this may result in the outbreak of fire, overheating and damage to the equipment. Remove the batteries when
the equipment is not to be used for a long period of time. Failure to observe this may result in battery leaks damaging
the equipment.
 Do not use this equipment in vehicles with the windows closed, in locations where it is subject to direct sunlight, or
in locations with extremely high humidity.
 The radio module is neither waterproof nor splash proof. Ensure that it is not splashed with soot or water. Do not use
the equipment which water or other foreign objects enter the case.
 Do not drop the radio module or otherwise subject it to strong shocks.
 Do not subject the equipment to condensation (including moving it from cold locations to locations with a dramatic
increase in temperature.)
 Do not use the equipment in locations where it is likely to be affected by acid, alkalis, organic agents or corrosive
gas.
 Do not bend or break the antenna. Metallic objects placed in the vicinity of the antenna will have a great effect on
communication performance. As far as possible, ensure that the equipment is placed well away from metallic
objects.
 The GND for the radio module will also affect communication performance. If possible, ensure that the case GND
and the circuit GND are connected to a large GND pattern.
Warning
 Do not take a part or modify the equipment.
 Do not remove the product label (the label adhering to the upper surface of the module.) The use of modules from
which the label has been removed is prohibitted.


3
Contents
General.................................................................................................................................................4
Features................................................................................................................................................4
Application Examples..........................................................................................................................4
Configuration.......................................................................................................................................5
STD-402 Features................................................................................................................................7
Explanation for internal processes (1) (automatic channel search)......................................................7
Explanation for internal processes (2) (automatic link).......................................................................8
Explanation for internal processes (3) (ID number registration) .........................................................9
Explanation for internal processes (4) (encoder) ...............................................................................10
Explanation for internal processes (5) (decoder) ...............................................................................11
Explanation for internal processes (6) (data format)..........................................................................12
Setting mode ......................................................................................................................................14
Ports ...................................................................................................................................................19
Communications mode ......................................................................................................................20
Block diagram....................................................................................................................................23
Pin description 1 ................................................................................................................................24
Pin description 2 ................................................................................................................................25
Electrical characteristics.....................................................................................................................26


4
General
The STD-402 auto mode is a operation mode that is equipped with automatic link function and an encoding/decoding
function. Automatic link searches out vacant channels in order to use forty six channel frequencies without hindrance or
interference. The encoding/decoding function establishes an interface between the data I/O circuit and radio assembly
and executes the necessary communication protocols.
The transmitter's input circuit and the receiver's output circuit can easily be connected together with a general-purpose
IC.
Note:This manual explains applications that use general-purpose logical ICs. For details on external micro-computer
control serial data communication applications, refer to the manual that is scheduled for release in the future.
The STD-402 auto mode supports only one-way (uni-directional) transmissions (transmitter --> receiver,) but
support for simplex communications (bi-directional) is planned for the future.
Features
 The automatic link function automatically connects to channels that do not cause interference.
 Simple I/O circuits with the built-in encoder/decoder.
 The I/O connections can be expanded to a maximum of 63 bytes (504 bits.)
 The built-in micro-computer greatly reduces the cost of new development.
 Perfect for combining with other equipment.
Application Examples
One-way system
 Tele-control
 For controlling cranes, concrete pump vehicles, golf carts, remote opening/closing for various purposes, traffic
lights for road works, etc.
Support for the following applications is planned for the future.
Simplex systems
 Data transmission
 Handy terminals, bar-code readers
 Security
 Transmission of anti-theft alarms, immobilizers for cash delivery trucks, notification of customers entering
retail shops, etc.
 Telemeter
 Water level monitoring for canals and dams, etc., monitoring of various alarms, etc.,


5
Configuration
 The manual mode is the conventional radio module. Refer to the [Manual Mode Manual] for further details.
 The auto mode automates numerous functions with the use of the built-in micro-computer.
STD-402 Auto mode
Manual mode
Automatic
Manual
 The features of both modes are shown in the table below.
MODE Channel Encoder/Decoder
 Manual External
Auto mode Automatic Internal
Auto mode features (1) Automatic link
(2) Programmable encoder/decoder
The conventional module concentrated on a single element, and it was necessary to have an external CPU or
dedicated hardware for the control circuit. The CPU built into the STD-402, on the other hand, has been
equipped with the control software listed below, and this has resulted in a new type of module.
(1) Automatic link
 The automatic frequency selection function consists of the Automatic Channel Search and the Automatic Link
functions.
(1) The Automatic Channel Search is a system that searches for vacant channels amongst channels 0 to
63 (total of 64 channels).
(2) The Automatic Link is a system that verifies the ID numbers of the transmitter and receiver and
establishes a link automatically.
 The above two functions are called collectively as the Automatic Link.
(2) Programmable encoder/decoder
 With the conventional module, it was necessary to establish an interface between the I/O signals and external
encoder/decoder and convert them to digital data (serial data.)
 The CPU built into the STD-402 is equipped with an encoder/decoder function. Establishing an interface is a
simple matter by connecting an external general-purpose logical IC, and this enables a maximum of 63 bytes
(504 bits) of data to be transmitted.


7
6
STD-402 Features
DATA IN
Transmitter
STD-402 TX MODE
Programmable
Encoder
FSK DATA
CLK
LOAD
Automatic Link
Controller
CPU
DATA OUT
Receiver
FSK DATA
CLK
LATCH
CPU
STD-402 RX MODE
(1) Automatic Link
(2) Programmable Encoder / Decoder
433.200-434.775MHz
25kHz Step (64ch)
Automatic Link
Controller Programmable Decoder


7
Explanation for internal processes (1) (automatic channel search)
 The automatic channel search is a system that detects the carrier level of the channel in use to search for vacant
channels in order to avoid interference with other radios. This is controlled automatically by the built-in micro-
computer.
 The channel search is executed by the module from the pre-determined starting channel.
 For example, if the channel search was executed from [0ch], the procedure would be as follows:
(1) The STD-402 is set in the receiving mode
(2) Set at channel 0 (433.200MHz)
(3) The carrier level is detected and compared with the standard level
(4) If the channel is occupied, the frequency is increased by two channels (50kHz.)
(5) If the channel is vacant, the system is switched across to the transmission mode
(6) The vacant channel is set
(7) Transmission is started
Set 0channel
Set receive mode
Sense carrier level
Occupied channel?
Increment 2ch(50kHz)
Channel Search
Yes
No
Set channel
TX starts
To automatic link
Set tarnsmit mode
0ch
433.200MHz
12 534 678 63ch
434.775MHz
62
50kHz Channel incerement in order 0,2,4,,,,,,,,,,62,1,3,5,,,,,,63
* Cannot verify the set channel from an external
source.
* Refer to the direct mode manual for a list of
channels and frequencies.


8
Explanation for internal processes (2) (automatic link)
 This is controlled automatically by the built-in micro-computer in the same way as the automatic channel
search.
 All modules are started from [0ch] in the case of the automatic link.
 The channel search is executed by the module from the pre-determined starting channel.
 For example, if the channel search was executed from [0ch], the procedure would be as follows:
(1) The transmitter set for the vacant channel commences transmission
(2) The receiver is set at channel 0 (433.200MHz)
(3) The carrier level is detected and compared with the reference level.
* The reference level is different for the transmitter and receiver.
(4) If it is below the standard level, the frequency is increased by one channel (25kHz.)
* Increased by two channels for the transmitter, but only one channel for the receiver.
(5) The ID data is received and compared with the ID register
(6) Increased by one channel (25kHz) if the ID number matches
(7) Switched across to the communication mode if the ID number matches
RF level
Automatic link
Lo
Hi
RF link
TX starts
Receive ID data
ID check No
Yes
Set RX mode
Set 0 channel
Sense carrier level Increment 1ch (25kHz)
Transmitter
Receiver



Explanation for internal processes (3) (ID number registration)
 It is necessary to register an ID number for the transmitter and receiver in order to enable the STD-402 to
establish an automatic link between two devices.
 The serial number of the transmitter is written into the transmitter's and receiver's ID register as shown in the
illustration below.
 If transmission is performed on the same frequency from another radio or an STD-402 with a different ID
number, the receiver will continue to search the channels until it finds an ID number that matches its own.
0001
Serial NO: 0001
ID Register: 0001
Transmitter Receiver
Serial NO: 0002
ID Register: 0001
ID Register: 0001ID Register: 0001
Serial NO: 0001 Srial NO: 0002
Registration of ID
* The serial number is a unique number set in the factory at the time of shipment and
can only be read.
* The ID register is a register for storing the ID number.
* As shown above, the number registered in the ID register remains the same even when
switching between the transmitter and receiver, so it is not necessary to register a new
ID number.
Receiver Transmitter



Explanation for internal processes (4) (encoder)


Connection method
 The illustration below shows the basic circuit when the STD-402 is used in the TX mode (transmitter.)
 The 74HC165 is a general-purpose 8-bit parallel input --> serial output converter.
 The STD-402 detects disconnection, so ensure that a DO is connected to the SI.
LD
STD-402
DI
RDY 9
4
6
11
DO
9
15
74HC165
11
12
13
14
3
4
5
6
IN 8
IN 7
IN 6
IN 5
IN 4
IN 3
IN 2
IN 1
CK
S/L
Q7
SI
CK INH
2
1
10
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H


Timing chart
 The timing for the STD-402 TX mode is shown below.
 The micro-computer built into the STD-402 is equipped with an encoding function and communication
protocols to convert the automatic link ID numbers, the various control data and the transmitted data into FSK
data.
 The entire data is called as a 'frame,' and the transmission data is inserted once into a single frame. The data is
transmitted continually until the power supply is switched off.
 The length of the control data is fixed, but the transmission data can be changed between 1 byte to a maximum
of 63 bytes (504 bits) in accordance with the application.
LD
Transmission data (8bit X N)
DI HGFE DCBA Disconnection detection data
LD
RDY
(CLK)
Control data (Fixed length)
DI
Transmission data
Control data
1 frame(1 byte=22msec)
RDY
(CLK)
Transmission data
(1) The parallel data is latched onto the clock asynchronously when the LD signal is "L".
(2) Serial data is shifted at the RDY (clock) rises when the LD signal is "H".



Explanation for internal processes (5) (decoder)


Connection method
 The illustration below shows the basic circuit when the STD-402 is used in the RX mode (receiver.)
 The 74HC595 is a general-purpose serial input  8-bit parallel output converter.
 The STD-402 detects disconnection, so ensure that a QH is connected to the DI.
 The 74HC595 latch data is cleared when LD is "L".
LD
STD-402
LE
RDY 9
4
10
11
DO
DI 6
74HC595
12
13
SCK
SCLR
RCK
SI
G
11
10
14
15
2
3
4
5
6
OUT 8
OUT 7
OUT 6
OUT 5
OUT 4
OUT 3
OUT 2
OUT 1
QA
QB
QC
QD
QE
QF
QG
QH
9QH'
1
7


Timing chart
 The timing for the STD-402 RX mode is shown below.
 The micro-computer built into the STD-402 is equipped with a decoding function and communication
protocols to convert the received FSK data into control data and the transmitted data (serial data.)
 The transmission data is output once into a single frame. The data is received continually until the power
supply is switched off.
LE
RDY
(CLK)
DO
LE
RDY
(CLK)
HGFE
DC
BA
DO
Transmission data (8bit X N)
Disconnection detection data
Control data (Fixed length)
Transmission data
Control data
1 frame (1 byte=22msec) Transmission data
(1) The serial data is shifted when the RDY (clock) rises.
(2) The parallel data is latched onto the clock asynchronously when the LE signal rises.


 
Explanation for internal processes (6) (data format)


Communication data format
 The STD-402 control data is of fixed length and comes in a unique format that includes the ID code for radio
links and special codes.
 The user data (transmission data, receiving data) is between 1 byte (8 points) and 63 bytes (504 points)
depending on the number of I/O connections, and the transmission time will be extended in accordance with
the length of the transmission data.
 The communication data format is shown below.
20msec 1.67–105msec
STD-402 control data (fixed length) 1
Transmission data (variable: 1 – 63bytes)
1 frame =20msec + 1.67msec  N bytes
26362


Transmitting data between Transmitter and receiver
 The communication data is transmitted continually during transmission. However, the transmission data will
not actually travel continuously at 4,800bps owing to the fact that the control data is transmitted by frame by
the encoder.
Using 1 byte of data as an example, the data volume (number of bytes) transmitted within a one-second period
is as follows.
D = 1000msec 

 { 20msec + ( 1.67msec  1 ) 46 bytes
N frame N+1 N+2
N frameN-1 N+1
TX data
RX data
Transmitter
Receiver
Transmitted data is output in serial with 1 frame delay at receiver.
9 101 254367
8
8 7 4563
2 1
11 12 13 14 15 16
910111213141516
DI
DO
TX
RX
1st byte 2nd byte
Above figure shows data stream when 2 bytes data is transmitted.
Data contained 3 bytes or more follow same order as above.
Top
Top
1st byte 2nd byte


 


Application example for the encoder/decoder function
 The encoder/decoder function built into the STD-402 enables an interface with external circuits to be
established easily.
 As the interface is established with serial data, AD converter and DA converter applications and application
with general prpose logical IC are possible.
 User will be required an additional peripheral for RS232C communication.
LD
CLK
D IN
D OUT
LD
CLK
D IN
LD
CLK
D IN

Switch input Analog input Digital input
AD converter
module
Parallel input
module
74HC165
LE
CLK
D IN
LE
CLK
LE
CLK
D OUT

Relay output Analog output Digital output
DA converter
module
D OUT D OUT
Receiver
Transmitter
Encoder
Decoder
STD-402
STD-402
















 
  
 


Parallel input
module
74HC165
Parallel output
module
74HC595
Parallel output
module
74HC595
 If the data is not looped, an error will be judged during the disconnection check when the STD-402 is switched
on, and normal operations will not be possible.


 
Setting mode


Auto mode setting procedure
 It is necessary to set the data for the built-in micro-computer before the STD-402 can be used. This procedure
is known as the "setting mode."
 Once the settings have been made, they do not require further setting unless the data registered in the
transceiver is to be amended or the mode changed.
 The contents of the settings registered with the setting mode are as follows:
(1) Manual mode / Auto mode setting
(2) Registration of ID
 It is necessary to have setting switch and verify the status of the setting mode by the LE and LD terminals. The
STD-402 is not equipped with these switches and LEDs.
 If space or cost restrictions prevent the installation of the above-mentioned hardware, it is necessary to make
circuit or equivalent board.
 Ensure that the transmitter and receiver are located less than ten meters apart when making the settings to
avoid the wrong parameters being registered by a different STD-402.
 The system is set in the Manual mode when shipped from the factory.
 An outline of the setting procedure is shown below. Refer to the separate explanations for further details.
Transmiiter Receiver
Mode setting
Receiver
(1) RX mode set
(2) RX starts
Transmitter
(1) TX mode set
(2) TX starts
Receiver
(1) Receive data
(2) Register ID
Tranmitter and
Receiver
Re-start
Communication mode
Mode setting
Register ID
Mode setting


 


Peripheral circuits
 CH5 is the port for the Auto mode / Manual mode setting.
 CH0 to 5 are the setting ports for the local ID address when in the communication mode. Refer to
[Communication Mode] for further details.
 The LE port performs mode setting switch input and status output.
 The LD port is the status output port.
* Refer to [Ports] for further details on each port.
LE
CH5
STD-402 10
12
Mode switch
Setting switch
LD 9*LED
*Oscilloscope
*CPU port
etc.....
Peripheral for setting mode


Auto mode / Manual mode setting
 Auto / Manual mode setting is only possible when the T/R port is set in the [H=RX (receiver) mode].
 Ensure the GND is set when in the auto mode.
CH5 Mode
GND Auto mode
OPEN Manual mode


 


Receiver mode setting
 An example of this setting is provided in the [Explanation for internal processes (5) (decoder)] application.
 Set the receiver mode by setting the T/R terminal to [OPEN=RX].
 Make the setting in accordance with the following procedure:
(1) Set the CH5 port to [GND= auto mode].
(2) Switch on the power supply while pressing the setting switch.
(3) Release the setting switch.
(4) Commence the built-in micro-computer settings.
(5) Receive the setting data from the transmitter.
DATA rate is automatically set by the setting data.
(6) The LD port will blink L and H in one-second cycles when the receiver settings are complete.
(7) Switch on the power supply once again.
Receive mode setting
Execute mode setting
Power on
Release setting switch
Press setting switch
Setting end
Receive setting data
Re-start
LD blinks in
one-second cycles
Port settings T/R CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0
OPEN
GND


 


Transmitter mode setting
 An example of this setting is provided in the [Explanation for internal processes (4) (encoder)] application.
 Set the transmit mode by setting the T/R terminal to [GND=TX].
 Make the setting in accordance with the following procedure:
(1) Set all ports between CH0 and CH5 as shown in figure below.
(2) Switch on the power supply while pressing the setting switch.
(3) Release the setting switch.
(4) Commence the built-in micro-computer settings.
(5) The data volume (byte length) is automatically detected at the same time as the disconnection check
is run.
(6) The LD port will blink L and H in 0.3 second cycles if a disconnection is detected.
* Recheck the connections and perform the settings again.
(7) The LD port will blink L and H in one-second cycles if all is normal.
(8) The setting data will be transmitted. A time-out will occur after approximately ten seconds.
(9) After the receiver settings are complete, switch off and on the power supply to the transmitter once
again, then enter the communication mode.
Transmit mode setting
Execute mode setting
Power on
Release setting switch
Setting end
Transmit setting data
Y
N

LD blinks in 0.3 second cycles
Disconnection
Connection check
Error
LD blinks in 1-second cycles
Detect data length
Confirm receiver setting
Press setting switch
Disconnection
check


 
Port settings T/R CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0
OPEN [4800 bps]
GND
T/R CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0
OPEN [9600 bps]
GND


Manual mode settings

Set the receive mode by setting the T/R terminal to [OPEN=RX]. Manual mode setting is not possible when in
the transmit mode.

Make the setting in accordance with the following procedure:
(1) Set the CH5 port to [OPEN = manual mode].
(2) Switch on the power supply while pressing the setting switch.
(3) Release the setting switch.
(4) Make the settings in the direct mode.
(5) The LED will be illuminated in 2-second cycles.
(6) Switch on the power supply once again when the setting is complete.
Manual mode setting
Execute mode setting
Power on
Release setting switch
Press setting switch
Re-start
LD blinks in 2-second cycles
Port settings T/R CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0
OPEN
GND


 
Ports


CH0 to CH5 ports
 Mode setting and local ID setting is performed by the CH0 to CH5 ports with the external dip switches or
jumpers.
 An equivalent circuit to the ports is shown in the illustration below, and as the port is pulled up with resister,
the switches must be connected to the GND.
 A latch-up is triggered if more than 2.7V of voltage is applied to the ports, and this may result in damage to the
device.
OPEN :H
CLOSE:L
CH0 - 5


LE ports
(1) Setting switches
 Connect the setting switch to the LE (10 pin) terminal.
 An equivalent circuit to the ports is shown in the illustration below, and as the port is pulled up with resister,
the switch must be connected to the GND.
 The setting switch can only be pressed when the power supply is switched on. A communications error will
occur if the switch is pressed during normal operations.
(2) Status output
 Verify the setting mode operations for the LD and LE ports. The STD-402 is not equipped with LEDs.
 Connect the ports to the LED drive circuit or the CPU input port. The LED cannot be driven directly with this
port.
Setting switch
LE port
LE LED
CPU port


LD port
 Verify the setting mode operations for the LD and LE ports. The STD-402 is not equipped with LEDs.
 Connect the ports to the LED drive circuit or the CPU input port. The LED cannot be driven directly with this
port.
LD port
LED
CPU port



Communications mode
 The communications mode enters normal operation when the power supply is switched on after all transceiver
settings have been made in the setting mode.
 First of all with the communications mode, a link is established with the transmitter and receiver with the same
ID number in accordance with the procedure explained for the automatic link, and data transmission is then
started.
 Once a link has been established, communications will be carried out on the same channel unless the power
supply is switched off.


Local ID numbers
 It is possible to transmit the data from one transmitter to a maximum of 63 different receivers with the STD-
402 auto mode.
 Local ID numbers must be set for each of the receivers for identification purposes. The ID numbers are set
with the CH0 to CH5 ports.
 The [LD=L] reset signal is output and the data is cleared under normal conditions when the ID number for the
transmitter and receiver do not match. [LD] is invalidated and the receiving data is output if the ID numbers do
match. However, if the ID number for the data and clock matches, it is output regardless of the local ID.
 If the ID number for the transmitter is [0 (ALL)], the receiver will output the data regardless of the ID number.
Transmitter Receiver Remarks
1
2
62
0 (ALL)
63
All receiver recognize
transmitted data.
11
22
62 62
63 63
Only same ID receiver can
recognize transmitted data.
Transmitter
Receiver 1
0
12363
Receiver 2 Receiver 3 Receiver 63
Transmitter ID=0
*LD of receiver is to be invalid.