Commodore C128-40 User manual
COMMODORE
(128-40,
COMMODORE
Bi128-80,
COMMODORE
B256-80
USER’S
GUIDE
do
Ceermengre
baes
COMMODORE
C128-40,
COMMODORE
B128-80,
COMMODORE
B256-80
USER’S
GUIDE
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User's
Manual
Statement
“This
equipment
generates
and
uses
radio
frequency
energy
and
if
not
installed
and
used
properly.
that
Is,
in
strict
accordance
with
the
manufacturer's,
instructions,
may
cause
interference
to
radio
and
television
reception.
It
has.
been
type
{ested
and.found
to
comply
with
the
limits
for
a
Class
B
computing
device
in
accordance
with
the
specifications
in
Subpart
J
of
Part
15
of
FCC
rules.
which
are
designed
to
provide
reasonable
protection
against
such
interference
in
4
residential
installation.
However.
there
1s
no
guarantee
that
interference
will
not
occur
in
a
particulaninstallation.
If
this
equipment
does
cause
interference
to
radio
or
television
reception,
which
can
be
determined
by
turning
the
equipment
off
and
on,
the
user
Is
encouraged
to
try
to
correct
the
interference
by
fone
or
more
of
the
following
measures:
~
reorient
the
receiving
antenna
—
relocate
the
computer
with
respect
to
the
receiver
—
move
the
computer
away
from
the
receiver
—
plug
the
computer
into
a
different
outlet
so
that
computer
and
receiver
are
on
different
branch
elreuits.
“If
necessary.
the
user
should
consult
the
dealer
or
an
experienced
radio/television
technician
for
additional
suggestions.
The
user
may
find
the
following
booklet
prepared
by
the
Federal
Communications
Commission
helpful:
How
to
Identify
and
Resolve
Radio-TV
Interference
Problems.’
This
booklet
is
available
from
the
U.S.
Government
Printing
Office,
Washington,
D.C.
20402,
‘Stock
No.
004-000-00345-4
First
Edition—
1989
First
Printing—1983
Copyright
©
1983
by
Commodore
Business
Machines,
Inc
All
rights
reserved.
‘This
manual
is
copyrighted
and
contains
proprietary
Information,
No
part
of
this
publication
may
be
reproduced.
stored
in
a
retrieval
system,
or
transmitted
in
any
form
or
by
any
means,
electronic.
mechanical,
photocopying,
recording.
or
otherwise,
without
the
prior
written
permission
of
COMMODORE
BUSINESS
MACHINES,
Ine.
Printed
in
the
United
States
of
America
C
o0o0oo0o0dtl
(
cco¢
©
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
PREFACE.
......................
5
©
Organization
5
*
How
To
Use
This
Guide
7
1.
INTRODUCTION.
9
©
Features
Overview
10
©
User's
Clubs,
Magazines.
and
the
Commodore
Information
Network
13
2.
SETUP....
128-40
Unpacking/Packing..
..
19
©
128-40
Installation.........
Raeer
©
128-40
Hookup
and
Configurations
Available
.
on
22!
*
B128-80
and
B256-80
Unpacking/Packing
25
*
B128-80
and
B256-80
Installation
............
27
©
B128-80
and
B256-80
Hookup
and
Configurations
Available
.........
20208
*
Expanding
Your
System
(Peripherals)
.
28
©
Color
Adjustment
for
the
Commodore
128....
30
©
Trouble
Shooting
.....
RehtinaiSia
deco
Sl
3.
THE
KEYBOARD
AND
ITS
REATURES
-..:.---..
-
37
©
Format
Keys
ws
38
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
3
Oo
BdltingiReyse
Pt
Sitch
is
ooo
reduetk
da
39
©
Function
Keys
22.2.2...
7
39
©
Calculator
Pad
Keys.......
41
4.
LOADING
AND
SAVING
PROGRAMS
Mezees
45
*
LOADing
Prepackaged
Programs
From
Diskette
sahe
tet
haohes
raG
*
LOADing
Prepackaged
Programs
From
DATASSETTE™
47
©
LOADing
and
SAVEing
Your
Programs
on
Diskette
.....
-
48
©
LOADing
and
SAVEing
Your
Prone)
on
DATASSETTE™
49
5.
AVAILABLE
SOFTWARE....
51
6.
APPENDICES
......
-
38
A.
BASIC
4.0
COMMAND
AND
FUNCTION
LIST
...........
56
.
BASIC
4.0
ABBREVIATIONS...
77
.
SCREEN
DISPLAY
CODES.
oteaeg
180)
CHR$
CODES...
epee
Pye
BD
E.
SCREEN
MEMORY
MAP
(B
Series)
we
85
.
SCREEN
AND
COLOR
MEMORY
MAP
(C128-40)
.
86
Zz
PROMO
MATHEMATICAL
FUNCTIONS
TABLE
88
PINOUTS
FOR
INPUT/OUTPUT
DEVICE
CONVERTING
FROM
STANDARD
BASIC
TO
EXTENDED
BASIC
4.0
bart
ga)
ERROR
MESSAG!
;
98
NON-ERROR
MESSAGES.
106
6581
(SID)
CHIP
NOTE
VALUE
TABLE
(C128-40)
ae
107
6581
(SID)
CHIP
REGISTER
MAP
(B
Series)
_
109
6567
(VIC)
CHIP
REGISTER
MAP
(C128-40)
.
B
SERIES
MEMORY
MAP
.
P
SERIES
MEMORY
MAP...............-
OPENING
THE
RS
232
CHANNEL
.......
BIBLIOGRAPHY
4
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Pcccccaccccccccccccesseseeecseees
PREFACE
This
User's
Guide
introduces
you
to
the
C128-40,
B128-80
and
B256-80
personal
computers.
We've
included
Instructions
for
Set-up,
Optional
Equipment
and
Configurations,
Keyboard
Op-
eration,
Loading
and
Saving
Programs,
and
information
about
Available
Software.
The
Appendices
contain
the
Extended
BASIC.
4.0
definitions
and
abbreviations,
screen
and
character
codes,
memory
and
register
maps,
mathematical
functions,
pinouts.
BASIC
conversions,
error
messages,
and
a
bibliography.
Although
the
C128-40,
B128-80
and
B256-80
computers
have
a
great
deal
in
common,
each
has
certain
options
and
config-
urations
which
distinguish
it
from
the
other
two.
All
of
these
differences
are
clearly
labeled.
Once
your
system
is
set
up
and
functioning
properly,
the
chapters
on
Keyboard
Operation
and
Loading
and
Saving
Pro-
grams
sections
and
the
various
Appendices
will
help
you
use
your
new
system,
ORGANIZATION
er’s
Guide
is
organized
into
six
chapters.
Chapter
1
INTRODUCTION
presents
the
highlights
of
each
computer.
In
addition,
it
explains
advantages
of
joining
a
User's
Club
and
subscribing
to
the
Commodore
magazines
and
the
Commodore
Information
Network.
PREFACE
5
PREFACE
Chapter
2
SETUP
contains
the
instructions
you
need
to
unpack,
con-
nect,
and
install
each
of
the
computers.
The
C128-40,
B128-80
and
B256-80
are
described
in
separate
sections
that
help
you
get
your
machine
up
and
running.
The
chapter
also
describes
the
wide
variety
of
configurations
and
optional
equipment
(periph-
crals)
available
for
each
of
the
computers.
Finally,
this
chapter
Presents
a
few
“trouble
shooting”
and
diagnostic
procedures
that
can
help
you
make
adjustments
to
solve
minor
problems
that
may
show
up
after
you've
installed
a
computer
system.
Chapter
3
THE
KEYBOARD
AND
ITS
FEATURES
takes
you
on
a
tour
of
the
keyboard
on
the
C128-40,
B128-80
and
the
B256-80
com-
puters.
Chapter
4
LOADING
AND
SAVING
PROGRAMS
tells
you
how
to
load
and
save
both
prepackaged
software
and
your
own
custom
designed
programs.
The
chapter
explains
how
this
is
done
on
both
the
Commodore
DATASSETTE™
and
the
Commodore
Disk
Drives.
For
further
details
on
the
operating
systems,
we
suggest
you
consult
the
manuals
that
come
with
your
DATASSETTE™,
544
inch
Floppy
Disk
Drive(s),
or
the
fast
and
powerful
Commodore
Hard
Disk
Drive(s)
Chapter
5
AVAILABLE
SOFTWARE
briefly
describes
some
of
the
great
business,
scientific,
and
educational
software
newly
available
for
the
C128-40,
B128-80,
and
B256-80
computers.
For
a
complete
listing
of
all
available
software
for
the
entire
line
of
Commodore
Products,
watch
for
the
Commodore
Resource
Encyclopedia
6
PREFACE
coming
soon
to
your
local
Commodore
dealer
and
the
computer
departments
of
fine
bookstores
everywhere.
Chapter
6
APPENDICES
are
designed
to
be
an
expanded
“quick
refer-
ence”
section
of
the
major
features
that
programmers
and
many
end
users
want
most.
For
an
in-depth
presentation
of
the
infor-
mation,
we
suggest
that
you
check
out
the
highly
detailed
C128-40,
B128-80
and
B256-80
Programmer's
Reference
Guide.
HOW
TO
USE
THIS
GUIDE
Let’s
take
a
look
at
the
easy
way
to
use
this
manual.
1.
As
you
look
at
the
edge
of
each
page
you
will
notice
that
there
is
what
we
call
an
“inset
tab.”
The
“inset
tab"
shows
you
exactly
where
the
six
chapters
are
located.
Note
that
the
beginning
of
each
chapter
is
a
solid
blue
page.
Both
of
these
features
make
it
easy
for
you
to
get
to
the
information
you
need
quickly.
2.
To
help
you
unpack,
hook
up,
set
up,
and
begin
operat-
ing
your
computer,
Chapter
2
("Setup")
contains:many
detailed
illustrations
that
can
make
the
installation
of
your
equipment,
with
all
its
options,
a
quick
and
easy
task.
In
addition,
for
all
C128-40
owners,
there
is
a
step-by-step
explanation
at
the
end
of
Chapter
2
on
making
the
proper
color
adjustments
to
your
TV
set
or
monitor.
3.
When
we
discuss
a
specific
key,
or
want
you
to
hit
a
particular
key,
we
show
you
a
visual
cue
(Example:
a
4,
Since
this
manual
covers
three
separate
computers.
any
section
that
does
not
pertain
to
all
three
systems
will
be
clearly
labeled.
PREFACE
7
PREFACE
5.
Please
note
that
this
manual
is
not
designed
to
teach
the
computer
language
BASIC
(the
primary
language
used
in
all
Commodore
computers).
If
you
want
to
learn
BASIC
language
programming
techniqu-
es,
or
any
of
the
other
languages
available
for
use
with
your
computer(s),
we
suggest
that
you
consult
the
“Bib-
lography”
(Appendix
R)
for
books
that
teach
pro-
gramming
8
PREFACE
CHAPTER
]
INTRODUCTION
©
Features
Overview
©
User's
Clubs,
Magazines,
and
the
Commodore
Information
Network
Your
membership
in
the
ever-growing
family
of
high-power
com-
puter
users
begins
today.
now
that
you
own
one
of
the
new
gen-
eration
of
personal
computers
from
Commodore.
Each
of
these
computers
gives
you
the
ability
to
design
the
ideal
computer
system
for
your
business,
scientific,
or
educa-
tional
needs.
Furthermore,
as
your
needs
change,
your
C128-40,
B128-80,
or
B256-80
can
be
expanded
to
include
the
options
you
need
to
meet
the
demands
of
tomorrow's
world.
All
new
generation
computers
have
certain
standard
built-in
features
which
work
the
same
way
on
each
machine.
However,
the
special
differences
between
the
C128-40,
the
B128-80
and
the
B256-80
give
you
a
choice
of
styles,
memory
capacities,
and
advanced
color
graphics
and
sound
capabilities.
The
“Features
Overview”
that
follows
is
a
brief
summary
of
the
similarities
and
differences
of
the
128-40,
B128-80
and
B256-80
computers.
You
will
also
find
a
few
examples
of
the
wide
variety
of
config-
urations
you
can
create
for
your
own
computer.
We're
sure
that
you'll
find
hours
of
enjoyment
ahead
of
you
whether
you're
an
experienced
programmer
or
someone
interested
for
now
in
using
prepackaged
software
only.
So
take
a
few
minutes
to
familiarize
yourself
with
the
many
functions
and
applications
you
can
per-
form
with
your
new
computer.
Finally
we
will
look
at
the
User's
Clubs
and
why
Commodore
encourages
their
development.
In
addition,
we
explain
the
Commodore
family
of
magazines,
Commodore
and
Power/Play.
and
our
paperless
magazine,
the
Commodore
Information
Net
work.
FEATURES
OVERVIEW
COMMODORE
C128-40
Advanced
Personal
Computer
Memory
128K
RAM
expands
to
256K
internally,
704K
exter-
nally,
totaling
960K
10
INTRODUCTION
Features
Extended
BASIC
4.0
°
=
=
IEEE-488
bus
%
a
©
RS-232C
interface
)
©
Dual
8
bit
user
ports
Ss
-
©
40
col.
x
25
line
screen
display
a
©
Works
with
user-supplied
color
monitor
or
TV
with
re
a
external
modulator
©
16
colors
‘©
Bit
mapped
graphics
(320
x
200
dots
(pixels)
}
©
Two
control
ports
for
joysticks
or
paddles
¢
48K
ROM
(24K
internal
and
24K
external
via
car-
tridge)
‘©
6509
microprocessor
Direct
audio
output
©
10
programmable
function
keys
©
Separate
calculator
keypad
for
quick
computations
Optional
future
processors
include
Z-80
or
8088
for
CP/M®
and/or
CP/M®-86
©
Future
languages
will
include
U.C.S.D,
Pascal
Commodore
B128-80
Advanced
Business
Computer
Memory
©
128K
RAM
expandes
to
256K
internally,
704K
ex-
ternally,
totaling
960K.
Features
*
BASIC
4.0
¢
IEEE-488
bus
©
RS-232C
interface
©
Dual
8
bit
user
ports
©
80
col.
x
25
line
screen
display
©
Integral
display
©
Easy
read
green
phosphor
screen
©
Swivel
and
tilt
built-in
monitor
©
Includes
integral
disk
drive
options
©
Detachable
keyboard
-
INTRODUCTION
11
6509
microprocessor
Direct
Audio
Output
10
programmable
function
keys
(Version
also
to
be
available
excluding
integral
disk
and
with
external
Video
Display
Unit
option)
®
Separate
calculator
keypad
for
quick
computations
*
Optional
2-80
and
8088
processors
©
Optional
CP/M",
CP/M'-86,
and
U.C.S.D.
Pascal
compatibility
Commodore
B256-80
Advanced
16-bit
Professional
Computer
Memory
*
256K
RAM,
expandable
externally
to
960K
(almost
a
megabyte
online
RAM
memory!)
Features
2
BASIC
4.0
IEEE-488
bus
RS-232C
interface
8
bit
user
port
80
col.
x
25
line
screen
display
Integral
display
Easy
read
green
phosphor
screen
Swivel
and
tilt
sereen
Includes
integral
disk
drive
options
Detachable
keyboard
10
programmable
function
keys
Built-in
dual
processors:
standard
6509
processor,
and
16-bit
8088
processor
Direct
Audio
Output
Separate
calculator
keypad
for
quick
computations
Optional
processor
includes
Z-80
for
CP/M®
Optional
8087 math
coprocessor
Other
future
languages
will
include
U.C.S.D.
Pascal
INTRODUCTION
ct
CC
USER'S
CLUBS,
MAGAZINES,
AND
THE
COMMODORE
INFORMATION
NETWORK
Commodore
wants
you
to
know
that
our
support
for
users
only
begins
with
your
purchase
of
a
Commodore
computer.
That's
why
we've
created
two
publications
with
Commodore
informa:
Gon
from
around
the
world,
and
a
“two-way”
computer
informa-
Uon
network
full
of
valuable
input
by
and
for
Commodore
com.
puter
users
in
the
U.S.
and
Canada
from
coast
to
coast.
In
addition,
we
wholeheartedly
encourage
and
support
the
growth
of
Commodore
User's
Clubs
all
over
the
globe.
They
are
an
excellent
source
of
information
for
every
Commodore
compu
ter
user,
from
the
beginner
(o
the
most
experienced.
The
maga:
zines
and
network,
which
are
described
below.
have
the
most
up-to-date
information
on
how
to
get
involved
with
the
User's
Club
in
your
area
Furthermore,
your
local
Commodore
dealer
is
an
excellent
source
of
Commodore
support
and
information.
Your
dealer
can
always
provide
literature
and
hardware
support
to
fill
your
changing
computing
needs
Power/Play:
The
Home
Computer
Magazine
When
it
comes
to
entertainment.
learning
at
home,
and
practical
home
applications,
Power/Play
is
the
prime
source
of
informa-
tion
for
Commodore
computer
owners.
It
directs
you
to
the
User's
Club
nearest
you
and
tells
you
about
its
activities.
It
describes
software,
games,
programming
techniques.
telecommunications,
and
new
products.
Power/Play
is
your
personal
connection
to
other
Commodore
users,
outside
software
and
hardware
devel-
opers,
and
to
Commodore
itself.
Published
quarterly,
it's
only
$10.00
for
a
whole
year
of
home
computing
excitement
Commodore:
The
Microcomputer
Magazine
Widely
read
by
educators.
businesspeople,
and
s
well
as
home
computerists,
Commodore
is
our
main
vehicle
for
students,
INTRODUCTION
13
CHAPTER
1
sharing
exclusive
information
on
the
more
technical
uses
of
Commodore
systems.
Regular
departments
cover
the
business.
science,
and
education
fields,
programming
tips.
technical
tips.
and
many
other
features
of
interest
to
anyone
who
uses,
or
is
thinking
about
purchasing,
Commodore
equipment.
Commo-
dore
is
the
ideal
complement
to
Power/Play.
It
is
published
bi-
monthly,
and
a
subscription
costs
only
$15.00
per
year.
Commodore
Information
Network
The
magazine
of
the
future
is
here
today.
To
supplement
your
subscriptions
to
Power/Play
and
Commodore
magazines,
the
Commodore
Information
Network
—our
“paperless
magazine"
—
ts
available
now.
All
you
need
is
a
Commodore
computer.
a
tele-
communications
device
called
a
modem,
and
your
home
or
bust-
ness
telephone,
Join
our
computer
club,
get
help
with
a
computing
problem.
“talk”
to
other
Commodore
friends,
or
get
up-to-the-minute
information
on
new
products,
software,
and
educational
re-
sources.
Soon
you
will
even
be
able
to
save
yourself
the
trouble
of
typing
in
the
program
listings
you
find
in
Power/Play
and
Commodore
by
“down
loading”
directly
from
the
Information
Network.
The
best
part
of
the
network
is
that
most
of
the
an-
swers
to
your
questions
are
there
before
you
even
ask
them
How's
that
for
service?
To
“call”
our
electronic
magazine
you
only
need
a
modem
and
a
subscription
to
CompuServe™.
one
of
the
nation’s
largest
tele-
communications
networks,
To
make
it
easy
for
you
to
subscribe,
Commodore
will
give
you
a
free
year’s
subscription
to
Com-
puServe™
inside
every
Viemodem
package.
Just
dial
your
local
number
for
the
CompuServe"
data
bank
nearest
you
and
then
connect
your
phone
to
the
modem.
When
the
CompuServe™
video
text
appears
on
your
screen,
type
“G
CBM"
on
your
keyboard.
When
the
Commodore
Information
Network's
table
of
contents,
or
“menu,”
appears
on
the
sereen,
its
your
turn
to
choose
from
one
of
our
16
departments.
So
make
yourself
comfortable,
and
enjoy
the
“paperless
magazine
that
all
the
other
magazines
are
writing
about.
For
more
information
about
the
Commodore
Information
Network
or
about
CompuServe™,
visit
your
local
Commodore
14
mTRODUCTION
GCogqcacuccugccCce
(
(
C
dealer
or
contact
CompuServe™
customer
service
at
800-848-8990
(in
Ohio,
614-457-8600).
COMMODORE
INFORMATION
NETWORK
Main
Menu
Description
Commodore
Dealers.
Direct
Access
Codes
Educational
Resources
Special
Commands.
User
Groups
User
Questions
Descriptions
Public
Bulletin
Board
Questions
and
Answers
Magazines
and
Newsletters
Software
Tips
New
Product
Announcements
Technical
Tips
Commodore
New
Directory
Descriptions
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER
1
1s
CHAPTER
)
Og
WO)
od
C128-40
Unpacking/Packing
©
C128-40
Installation
C128-40
Hookup
and
Configurations
Available
B128-80
and
B256-80
Unpacking/Packing
B128-80
and
B256-80
Installation
(Peripherals)
Color
Adjustment
for
the
C128-40
Trouble
Shooting
coococouucCOCONCOOOOOL
Fig.
1~Commadore
128
(Fro
18
setup
oc
(
ooo
COMMODORE
C128-40
Unpacking/Packing
‘The
following
step-by-step
instructions
show
you
how
to
con-
nect
your
new
computer
to
your
monitor,
television
set,
or
sound
system,
and
how
to
make
sure
everything
is
working
properly.
Before
attaching
anything
to
the
computer,
check
the
contents
of
the
container.
Besides
this
guide,
you
should
find
the
follow-
ing
items:
1.
Computer
2.
AC
Power
cord
If
any
items
are
missing
or
damaged.
check
back
with
your
dealer
immediately
for
repair
or
replacement.
Be
sure
to
save
the
packing
materials
for
future
storage
or
transport
sevur
19
a
4
a
&
Ay
set
Joystick
DATASSETTE™
CONTROL
#2
port
RESET
POWER
Switcy
petri
Wii
uch.
oH?
fe
Oras
carteioge
RS232C
‘SLOT
AUDIO
oureur
user
PORT
video
INpUTIOUTeUT
pone
CONTROL
#1
Fig.
2-Commedore
128
(Reor
view)
20.
seruP
This manual suits for next models
2
Table of contents
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