
Community VERIS Series - Operation and Installation Manual - Page 17
the resultant sound quality will be ‘squashed.’ In other words, the dynamic range of the
program material will be reduced to a degree that is audibly unpleasant. Conversely, if the
threshold is set too high, the limiter will not engage early enough to protect the
loudspeaker system from damage.
It is very difficult to suggest exact limiter settings, because the ideal setting for one system
and one style of music may be undesirable for another system or another style of music.
Coupled with this, the dynamic response characteristics of the amplifier(s) used in the
system also play a large role in determining proper limiter adjustments. Amplifiers differ
from one make and model to another in their dynamic headroom capability, sometimes
greatly, and also in how they behave when they clip (see section on Amplifier Clipping on
page 25 for more information on driver damage caused by clipping.) Because of this, we
can offer only general guidelines on how to set up your system.
Following is a brief discussion on using limiters to protect loudspeaker systems:
•The limiter should be set so that it provides some measure of gain reduction before
the amplifier(s) begin to clip. If the limiter is set so that it allows the amplifier(s)
to go into hard clipping, it will do little to protect the drivers, except perhaps in the
event of extended microphone feedback.
•If the system is large enough to handle the intended musical style in the size of
room that it’s designed to cover, i.e. if there are enough amplifiers and
loudspeakers to provide the desired SPL (Sound Pressure Level) before the
amplifiers reach clipping, then it will be possible to adjust the protective limiter so
that the amplifiers never can go into clipping, even under abusive conditions. This
will provide an excellent level of protection, without sacrificing headroom and
sound quality.
Conversely, if the system is inadequately sized for the room, or just barely
powerful enough, setting the limiter so that the amplifier(s) never goes into
clipping is probably unrealistic. Such a setting will most likely result in less sound
pressure level than desired, as well as a highly compressed sonic quality. In such
case, you can either upgrade the sound system by adding loudspeakers and
amplifiers, or you can make some intelligent compromises. By carefully adjusting
the attack time, release time, and threshold level, you can allow some of the peaks
to get through to the amplifiers while still reducing the potential for damage from
long-term abuse.
A fast attack time (under 10 ms) will limit most of the peaks in normal program
material. By lengthening the attack time, you can allow short transients to pass
through (like a snare drum), while still reducing longer peaks like vocal and
instrumental crescendos. This will improve the dynamic range, while still providing
a measure of protection.
Similarly, a long release time will tend to squash the program material, as well as
introduce an audible ramp-up in level as the limiter slowly recovers. By shortening
the release time, you can increase the short-term dynamic range. As long as the
threshold is not set too high, the limiter can still aid in protecting the drivers from
long-term overdrive, but not as thoroughly as it would in an adequately sized
system.
Be cautious of very short attack and release times, as the detector circuits may
start to track the individual cycles of a sustained low-frequency tone, creating a
‘pumping’ effect, almost like that of a tremolo circuit on a guitar amplifier.
It will take some experimentation to derive the best settings for each situation. Maximum
power and voltage ratings are stated on the VERIS Specification Table on Page 9 in this
manual; these may be used as an aid in calibrating limiter settings. Using a true RMS
voltmeter, you can measure the output of your amplifier when driven by a sine wave
generator, and adjust the limiter to prevent the amplifier’s output voltage from exceeding
the stated maximum. Make sure to do this with the loudspeaker disconnected!
Be aware, however, that static voltage settings made by taking measurements derived from
exciting the system with a sine wave generator, or other constant voltage source, will
represent only a part of the picture. The other part is the time constant. If the attack and