Comtech EF Data LGAN User manual

LGAN
Outdoor Amplifier / Block Up Converter (BUC)
Installation and Operation Manual
Part Number MN-LGAN
Revision0
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published
information regarding this product. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

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Copyright © 2020 Comtech EF Data. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.
Comtech EF Data, 2114 West 7th Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281 USA, 480.333.2200, FAX: [phone]
Revision History
Rev Date Description
0 Feb 2020 Initial Release.
MN-LGAN

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Table of Contents TOC-1 MN-LGAN
Table of Contents
PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................................I
About this Manual........................................................................................................................................i
Related Documents.................................................................................................................................... i
Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................... i
Conventions and References......................................................................................................................i
Patents and Trademarks............................................................................................................................ i
Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and References.............................................................................................ii
Examples of Multi-Hazard Notices.............................................................................................................ii
Recommended Standard Designations .....................................................................................................ii
Safety and Compliance..............................................................................................................................iii
Electrical Safety and Compliance .............................................................................................................iii
Installation Guidelines Regarding Power Line Quality..........................................................................iii
Product Support.........................................................................................................................................iv
Comtech EF Data Headquarters...............................................................................................................iv
Warranty Policy...........................................................................................................................................v
Limitations of Warranty..............................................................................................................................vi
Exclusive Remedies..................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1–1
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................1–1
1.2 Functional Description ...............................................................................................................1–2
1.3 Features .......................................................................................................................................1–2
1.3.1 The Solid-State Advantage .......................................................................................................1–2
1.3.2 Monitor and Control (M&C).......................................................................................................1–2
1.3.3 Enhanced Standard Features...................................................................................................1–2
1.3.4 “Smart BUC” Functionality........................................................................................................1–2
1.3.5 Data Logging Capability............................................................................................................1–3
1.3.6 Optional Internal 10 MHz Reference ........................................................................................1–3
1.3.7 Optional LNB Support...............................................................................................................1–3
1.3.8 SSPA Module ............................................................................................................................1–3
1.3.9 Cooling System.........................................................................................................................1–3
1.3.10 Temperature and RF Overdrive ................................................................................................1–4
1.3.10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................1–4
1.3.10.2 Over Temperature .........................................................................................................1–4
1.3.10.3 Over Drive (Excessive RF Input Level).........................................................................1–5
1.3.11 Maximum Operating Points ......................................................................................................1–5
1.3.12 Power Supply............................................................................................................................1–5
1.3.13 LNB Operation..........................................................................................................................1–5
1.3.14 Block Up Converter (BUC) Input...............................................................................................1–6
1.4 Dimensional Envelopes..............................................................................................................1–7
1.4.1 LGaN 50 W Dimensional Envelopes ........................................................................................1–7
1.4.2 LGaN 100 W Dimensional Envelopes ......................................................................................1–9
CHAPTER 2. SYSTEM CONNECTORS, INSTALLATION, AND STARTUP.....................................2–1
2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................2–1
2.2 Water Tight Sealing.....................................................................................................................2–2
2.2.1 Customer Cable Assemblies ....................................................................................................2–2
2.3 Connectors and Cables..............................................................................................................2–3
2.3.1 Connector ‘J1 | LBAND IN’ or ‘J1 | Tx IN’.................................................................................2–5
2.3.2 Connector ‘J2 | RF OUT’...........................................................................................................2–5

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Table of Contents TOC-2 MN-LGAN
2.3.3 Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’......................................................................................................2–6
2.3.3.1 Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’AC Power Main – 100 W..................................................2–6
2.3.3.2 Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’ DC Power Mains..............................................................2–6
2.3.3.2.1 Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’ DC Power Main – 50 W................................................2–6
2.3.3.2.2 Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’ DC Power Main – 100 W..............................................2–7
2.3.4 Connector ‘J6 | COM1’ (Remote Communications and Discrete Control Port)........................2–8
2.3.5 Connector ‘J10 | MOD Rx’ – 100 W..........................................................................................2–9
2.3.6 Connector ‘J11 | LNB’ – 100 W.................................................................................................2–9
2.3.7 Ground Connector ....................................................................................................................2–9
2.3.8 BUC DC Power Supply Cable ................................................................................................2–10
2.3.8.1 DC Power Supply Cable – 50 W.................................................................................2–10
2.3.8.2 DC Power Supply Cable – 100 W...............................................................................2–10
2.3.9 Monitor and Control Cable...................................................................................................... 2–11
2.4 LGaN Power...............................................................................................................................2–11
CHAPTER 3. FIRMWARE UPDATE ...................................................................................................3–1
3.1 Firmware Update Overview........................................................................................................3–1
3.1.1 Important Considerations..........................................................................................................3–1
3.1.2 LGaN Firmware Update Procedure Summary..........................................................................3–1
3.1.3 About Firmware Numbers, File Versions, and Formats............................................................3–2
3.2 Prepare for the Firmware Download .........................................................................................3–2
3.2.1 Required User-supplied Items..................................................................................................3–2
3.2.1.1 LGaN Connections........................................................................................................3–3
3.2.2 LGaN Management IPAddress and Firmware Information......................................................3–3
3.2.2.1 Locate Firmware Information via HTTP Interface .........................................................3–3
3.3 Download and Extract the Firmware Update Files ..................................................................3–4
CHAPTER 4. ETHERNET INTERFACE OPERATION .......................................................................4–1
4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................4–1
4.1.1 Prerequisites.............................................................................................................................4–1
4.2 SNMP Interface............................................................................................................................4–2
4.2.1 Management Information Base (MIB) Files..............................................................................4–2
4.2.1.1 CEFD Root MIB File......................................................................................................4–2
4.2.1.2 LGaN MIB File...............................................................................................................4–2
4.2.1.3 LGaN Traps MIB File.....................................................................................................4–2
4.2.2 SNMP Community Strings ........................................................................................................4–3
4.2.3 SNMP Traps..............................................................................................................................4–3
4.3 Telnet Interface............................................................................................................................4–6
4.3.1 Telnet Remote Control Operation via HyperTerminal...............................................................4–6
4.3.1.1 Configure Tera Term for Telnet Remote Control Operation...........................................4–7
4.4 HTTP (Web Server) Interface......................................................................................................4–8
4.4.1 Enable the HTTP Interface .......................................................................................................4–8
4.4.2 HTTP Interface User Login.......................................................................................................4–9
4.4.3 HTTP Interface Features ........................................................................................................4–10
4.4.3.1 Menu Tree...................................................................................................................4–10
4.4.4 HTTPS Web Navigation.......................................................................................................... 4–11
4.4.4.1 Page Navigation.......................................................................................................... 4–11
4.4.4.2 Page Sections ............................................................................................................. 4–11
4.4.4.3 Action Buttons ............................................................................................................. 4–11
4.4.4.4 Drop-down Lists .......................................................................................................... 4–11
4.4.4.5 Text or Data Entry........................................................................................................ 4–11
4.5 HTTP Interface Pages ...............................................................................................................4–12
4.5.1 Home Pages...........................................................................................................................4–12
4.5.1.1 Home | Home ..............................................................................................................4–12

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Table of Contents TOC-3 MN-LGAN
4.5.1.2 Home | Contact ...........................................................................................................4–13
4.5.2 Admin (Administration) Pages ................................................................................................4–14
4.5.2.1 Admin | Access............................................................................................................4–14
4.5.2.2 Admin | Time ...............................................................................................................4–15
4.5.2.3 Admin | SNMP.............................................................................................................4–16
4.5.2.4 Admin | Upgrade .........................................................................................................4–17
4.5.3 Config Pages ..........................................................................................................................4–18
4.5.3.1 Config | Amplifier .........................................................................................................4–18
4.5.3.2 Config | LNB................................................................................................................4–20
4.5.3.3 Configuration | Mask ...................................................................................................4–21
4.5.3.4 Config | Utility..............................................................................................................4–22
4.5.4 Status Pages...........................................................................................................................4–23
4.5.4.1 Status | Summary........................................................................................................4–23
4.5.4.2 Status | Status .............................................................................................................4–24
4.5.4.4 Status | Events ............................................................................................................4–26
4.5.4.5 Status | MOP ...............................................................................................................4–27
4.5.4.6 Status | Statistics .........................................................................................................4–28
4.5.4.7 Status | Trending .........................................................................................................4–29
CHAPTER 5. SERIAL INTERFACE OPERATION .............................................................................5–1
5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................5–1
5.2 Key Operational Parameters / Common Commands and Queries.........................................5–2
5.2.1 Faults ........................................................................................................................................5–2
5.2.2 Common Commands................................................................................................................5–2
5.3 Remote Control Protocol and Structure...................................................................................5–3
5.3.1 EIA-232.....................................................................................................................................5–3
5.3.2 EIA-485.....................................................................................................................................5–3
5.3.3 EIA-485 (Full Duplex) ...............................................................................................................5–4
5.3.4 EIA-232.....................................................................................................................................5–4
5.3.5 Basic Protocol...........................................................................................................................5–4
5.4 Packet Structure..........................................................................................................................5–5
5.4.1 Start of Packet...........................................................................................................................5–6
5.4.2 Address.....................................................................................................................................5–6
5.4.3 Address Delimiter......................................................................................................................5–6
5.4.4 Instruction Code........................................................................................................................5–6
5.4.5 Instruction Code Qualifier .........................................................................................................5–7
5.4.6 Message Arguments.................................................................................................................5–8
5.4.7 End of Packet............................................................................................................................5–8
5.4.8 End of Life Commands .............................................................................................................5–8
5.5 Remote Commands and Queries...............................................................................................5–9
5.5.1 Customer Commands............................................................................................................. 5–11
APPENDIX A. CABLE DRAWINGS..................................................................................................... A-1
A.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... A-1
A.2 Control and Data Cables.............................................................................................................A-2
A.2.1 Serial Interface Cable ................................................................................................................A-3
A.2.2 Ethernet Interface Cable............................................................................................................A-4
A.2.3 19-Pin COMMS Cable (100’).....................................................................................................A-5
A.2.4 19-Pin COMMS Cable (250’).....................................................................................................A-6
A.3 RF Cables.....................................................................................................................................A-7
A.3.1 RF Cable (Type ‘N’) ...................................................................................................................A-8

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Table of Contents TOC-4MN-LGAN
List of Tables
Table 2-1. Connector ‘J3 | POWER IN’ Pin Assignments – 100 W...........................................................2–6
Table 2-2. LGaN 50 W ‘J3 | POWER IN’ Pin Assignments .......................................................................2–7
Table 2-3. LGaN 100 W ‘J3 | POWER IN’ Pin Assignments .....................................................................2–7
Table 2-4. LGaN ‘J6 | COM1’ Pin Assignments.........................................................................................2–8
List of Figures
Figure 1-1. LGaN Outdoor Amplifier/ BUC (50 W)....................................................................................1–1
Figure 1-2. LGaN Outdoor Amplifier/ BUC (100 W)..................................................................................1–1
Figure 1-3. LGaN 50 W Dimensional Envelope (1 of 2) ...........................................................................1–7
Figure 1-4. LGaN 50 W Dimensional Envelope (2 of 2) ...........................................................................1–8
Figure 1-5. LGaN 100 W Ku-Band Dimensional Envelope (1 of 2) ..........................................................1–9
Figure 1-6. LGaN 100 W Ku-Band Dimensional Envelope (2 of 2) ........................................................1–10
Figure 2-1. LGaN 50 W Connectors .........................................................................................................2–3
Figure 2-2. LGaN 100 W Connectors .......................................................................................................2–3
Figure 2-3. Circular Connector Example ..............................................................................................2–4
Figure 2-4. LGaN Ground Connector Locations.......................................................................................2–9
Figure 3-1. Upgrade Webpage Example...................................................................................................3–2
Figure 3-2. Standalone Ethernet Connection.......................................................................................3–3
Figure 4-1. Telnet Interface Example – Windows Command-line.............................................................4–6
Figure 4-2. Telnet Interface Example – Tera Term....................................................................................4–7
Figure 4-3. Configure Tera Term...............................................................................................................4–7
Figure 4-4. Open Windows Command-line...............................................................................................4–8
Figure 4-5. Telnet Login and Remote Command Execution.....................................................................4–9
Figure 4-6. LGaN HTTP Interface ‘Splash’ Page Example.....................................................................4–10
Figure 4-7. LGaN HTTP Interface Menu Tree.........................................................................................4–10
Figure 4-8. LGaN ‘Home | Home’ Page (50 W Unit Example Shown)....................................................4–12
Figure 4-9. ‘Home | Contact’ Page..........................................................................................................4–13
Figure 4-10. ‘Admin | Access’ Page ........................................................................................................4–14
Figure 4-11. ‘Admin | Access’ Page.........................................................................................................4–15
Figure 4-12. ‘Admin | SNMP’ Page .........................................................................................................4–16
Figure 4-13. ‘Admin | Upgrade’ Page......................................................................................................4–17
Figure 4-14. ‘Config | Amplifier’ Page .....................................................................................................4–18
Figure 4-15. ‘Config | LNB’ Page ............................................................................................................4–20
Figure 4-16. ‘Configuration | Mask’ Page................................................................................................4–21
Figure 4-17. ‘Configuration | Utility’ Page................................................................................................4–22
Figure 4-18. ‘Status | Summary’ Page ....................................................................................................4–23
Figure 4-19. ‘Status | Status’ Page..........................................................................................................4–24
Figure 4-20. ‘Status | FETs’ Page............................................................................................................4–25
Figure 4-21. ‘Status | Events’ Page.........................................................................................................4–26
Figure 4-22. ‘Status | MOP’ Page............................................................................................................4–27
Figure 4-23. ‘Status | Statistics’ Page......................................................................................................4–28
Figure 4-24. ‘Status | Trending Graphs’ Page.........................................................................................4–29
Figure A-1. Serial Interface Cable (CEFD P/N CA-0020526, part of KT-0020518).................................. A-3
Figure A-2. Ethernet Interface Cable (CEFD P/N CA-0000352, part of KT-0000203).............................. A-4
Figure A-3. COMMS Cable, 100’ (CEFD P/N CA-0000318)..................................................................... A-5
Figure A-4. COMMS Cable, 250’ (CEFD P/N CA-0000543)..................................................................... A-6
Figure A-5. 1/4" Heliax Coaxial Cable (CEFD P/N CA/3722-X)................................................................ A-8

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Acronym List
Acronym Description
First Use
Page Numbe
AO Assignment Operator 5-6
BUC Block Up Converter 1-1
CEFD Comtech EF Data 1-1
DC Direct Current 1-1
EOL End of Life 5-4
FET Field Effect Transistor 4-24
FSK Frequency Shift Keying 4-19
FTP File Transfer Protocol 3-1
GUI Graphic User Interface 5-3
IPA IPAddress 4-9
LNB Low Noise Block Down Converter 1-1
LRS Local Remote Status 4-8
M&C Monitor and Control 1-2
MCP Monitor/Control Processor 1-2
MIB Management Information Base 4-1
MOP Maximum Operating Point 4-26
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures 1-2
NMS Network Management System 4-1
OID Object Identifier 4-2
OXCO Oven-controlled Crystal Oscillator 1-3
PC Personal Computer 3-1
QO Query Operator 5-6
RF Radio Frequency 1-1
SNG Satellite News Gathering 1-2
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 4-1
SSPA Solid State PowerAmplifier 1-2
TWT Traveling Wave Tube 1-1
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 1-3

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Table of Contents TOC-6MN-LGAN
Units of Measurement
Unit / Symbol
Definition
Ω
Ohm
A
Ampere
bps
bits per second
˚C
Celsius (degrees)
Hz
Hertz
kHz
kiloHertz
dB
decibel
dBc
Decibels relative to the carrier
dBm
Decibel-milliwatts
˚F
Fahrenheit (degrees)
Kbps
Kilobit per second
kg
kilogram
ksps
Kilosymbols per second
lbs.
pounds
mA
Milli-amp
Mbps
Megabit per second
MHz
Megahertz
mm
millimeter
ms
millisecond
Msps
Megasymbols per second
mW
milliwatt
in.
inch
Ppm
Packets per minute
Pps
Packets per second
SR
Symbols per second
ųF
100 micro-farads
W
Watt
V
Volt

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Preface i MN-LGAN
PREFACE
About this Manual
This manual provides installation and operation information for the Comtech EF Data (CEFD) LGaN
family of Outdoor Amplifiers / Block Up Converter (BUCs). This document is intended for the persons
responsible for the operation and maintenance of the LGaN.
Related Documents
•CEFD CLC-10 Handheld Terminal M&C Accessory for LPOD or SPOD PS 1, PS 1.5, PS 2 User’s
Guide (CEFD P/N MN-CLC10)
•CEFD LPODnet M&C Netbook Accessory for LPOD or SPOD PS 1, PS 1.5, PS 2 Operation
Manual (CEFD P/N MN-LPODNET)
•CEFD RF Control – Transceiver/Amplifier M&C Utility User Guide (CEFD P/N MN-CRFC)
Disclaimer
Comtech EF Data has reviewed this manual thoroughly in order to provide an easy-to-use guide to this
equipment. All statements, technical information, and recommendations in this manual and in any guides
or related documents are believed reliable, but the accuracy and completeness thereof are not
guaranteed or warranted, and they are not intended to be, nor should they be understood to be,
representations or warranties concerning the products described. Further, Comtech EF Data reserves the
right to make changes in the specifications of the products described in this manual at any time without
notice and without obligation to notify any person of such changes.
If there are any questions regarding this equipment or the information in this manual, please contact
Comtech EF Data Product Support.
Conventions and References
Patents and Trademarks
See all of Comtech EF Data's Patents and Patents Pending at http://patents.comtechefdata.com.
Comtech EF Data acknowledges that all trademarks are the property of the trademark owners.

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Preface ii MN-LGAN
Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and References
A WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
A CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury. CAUTION may also be used to indicate other unsafe practices or risks of
property damage.
A NOTE gives you important information about a task or the equipment.
A REFERENCE directs you to important operational information or details furnished elsewhere,
either in the manual or in adjunct Comtech EF Data publications.
Examples of Multi-Hazard Notices
Recommended Standard Designations
Electronic Industries Association (EIA) designations supersede Recommended Standard (RS)
designations. Reference to the old RS designations may appear where it might concern actual text (e.g.,
RS-232) displayed on the product panels and on screens or pages in the Serial Remote or HTTP (Web
Server) Interfaces. All other references in the manual refer to EIA designations.
CAUTION
It is important that you review and understand the Safety and Compliance information
that follows.

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Preface iii MN-LGAN
Safety and Compliance
Electrical Safety and Compliance
CAUTION
NEUTRAL FUSING – DOUBLE POLE/NEUTRAL FUSING IS USED ON THE PRIME POWER
SUPPLY INPUT.
This equipment has been designed to minimize exposure of personnel to hazards. For further information,
contact Comtech EF Data Product Support. The operators and technicians must:
•Know how to work around, with, and on high voltage equipment.
•Exercise every precaution to ensure personnel safety.
•Exercise extreme care when working near high voltages.
•Be familiar with the warnings presented in this manual.
Installation Guidelines Regarding Power Line Quality
Comtech EF Data has become familiar with the varying quality of the AC power grid
around the world. Observing the following installation guidelines should help ensure a
reliable
installation.
•Surge suppression – High voltage surges can cause failure of the power supply. These surges
are typically caused by circuit switching on the main AC power grid, erratic generator operation,
and also by lightning strikes. While the LGaN does have built in surge suppression, if the unit is to
be installed in a location with questionable power grid quality, Comtech EF Data recommends
installation of additional power conditioning/surge suppression at the power junction box.
•Grounding – The LGaN provides a grounding terminal. This is provided to allow you to ground
the LGaN to the antenna’s grounding network. All components installed at the antenna should be
grounded to a common grounding point at the antenna.
•Electrical welding – If welding needs to take place at the antenna, disconnect all cables from the
LGaN except for the ground wire. Cap all RF connections with terminations. This will prevent
damage to the input/output circuitry of the LGaN.
•Lightning – Lightning strikes on or around the antenna will generate extremely high voltages on
all cables connected to the LGaN. Depending on the severity of the strike, the LGaN’s internal
surge protection combined with the recommended external suppression may protect the LGaN’s
power supply. However, if the installation will be in an area with a high probability of lightning
strikes, Comtech EF Data recommends the installation of surge suppression on the RF and IF
cables. One source of these suppressors is PolyPhaser (www.polyphaser.com).

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Preface iv MN-LGAN
Product Support
For all product support, please call:
+1.240.243.1880
+1.866.472.3963 (toll free USA)
Comtech EF Data Headquarters
http://www.comtechefdata.com
Comtech EF Data Corp.
2114 West 7th Street
Tempe, Arizona USA 85281
+1.480.333.2200

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Preface v MN-LGAN
Warranty Policy
Comtech EF Data products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a specific
period from the date of shipment, and this period varies by product. In most cases, the warranty period is
two years. During the warranty period, Comtech EF Data will, at its option, repair or replace products that
prove to be defective. Repairs are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty or a 90 day
extended warranty, whichever is longer. Contact Comtech EF Data for the warranty period specific to the
product purchased.
For equipment under warranty, the owner is responsible for freight to Comtech EF Data and all related
customs, taxes, tariffs, insurance, etc. Comtech EF Data is responsible for the freight charges only for
return of the equipment from the factory to the owner. Comtech EF Data will return the equipment by the
same method (i.e., Air, Express, Surface) as the equipment was sent to Comtech EF Data.
All equipment returned for warranty repair must have a valid RMA number issued prior to return and be
marked clearly on the return packaging. Comtech EF Data strongly recommends all equipment be
returned in its original packaging.
Comtech EF Data Corporation’s obligations under this warranty are limited to repair or replacement of
failed parts, and the return shipment to the buyer of the repaired or replaced parts.

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Preface vi MN-LGAN
Limitations of Warranty
The warranty does not apply to any part of a product that has been installed, altered, repaired, or misused
in any way that, in the opinion of Comtech EF Data Corporation, would affect the reliability or detracts
from the performance of any part of the product, or is damaged as the result of use in a way or with
equipment that had not been previously approved by Comtech EF Data Corporation.
The warranty does not apply to any product or parts thereof where the serial number or the serial number
of any of its parts has been altered, defaced, or removed. The warranty does not cover damage or loss
incurred in transportation of the product. The warranty does not cover replacement or repair necessitated
by loss or damage from any cause beyond the control of Comtech EF Data Corporation, such as lightning
or other natural and weather related events or wartime environments.
The warranty does not cover any labor involved in the removal and or reinstallation of warranted
equipment or parts on site, or any labor required to diagnose the necessity for repair or replacement.
The warranty excludes any responsibility by Comtech EF Data Corporation for incidental or consequential
damages arising from the use of the equipment or products, or for any inability to use them either
separate from or in combination with any other equipment or products.
A fixed charge established for each product will be imposed for all equipment returned for warranty repair
where Comtech EF Data Corporation cannot identify the cause of the reported failure.
Exclusive Remedies
Comtech EF Data Corporation’s warranty, as stated is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed, implied,
or statutory, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The buyer shall pass
on to any purchaser, lessee, or other user of Comtech EF Data Corporation’s products, the
aforementioned warranty, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Comtech EF Data Corporation from any
claims or liability of such purchaser, lessee, or user based upon allegations that the buyer, its agents, or
employees have made additional warranties or representations as to product preference or use.
The remedies provided herein are the buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Comtech EF Data shall not
be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on
contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

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Introduction 1–1
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Comtech EF Data’s (CEFD) LGaN family of Outdoor Amplifiers / Block Up Converters (BUCs) – referred
to collectively throughout this manual as the LGaN – deliver their rated power, guaranteed, to the transmit
waveguide flange. The LGaN provides a cost effective, more reliable replacement for Traveling Wave
Tube (TWT) amplifiers in satellite communications.
CEFD’s extensive experience in the design of outdoor Radio Frequency (RF) transceivers led to the
LGaN family’s efficient thermal and mechanical package. Recognizing the evolution of L-Band IF
systems, the LGaN is designed to eliminate the traditional requirement for the modem to supply a Direct
Current (DC) power source and a 10 MHz reference to the BUCs and Low Noise Block Down Converters
(LNBs).
Figure 1-1. LGaN Outdoor Amplifier/ BUC (50 W)
Figure 1-2. LGaN Outdoor Amplifier/ BUC (100 W)

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Introduction 1–2
1.2 Functional Description
The compact size and weight of the LGaN lends itself to any installation with limited available mounting
space. These include ship-borne antenna systems, small “flyaway” systems, and Satellite News
Gathering (SNG) installations. The addition of the optional internal reference and LNB bias T facilitates
multi-carrier and redundant operations required of small-to medium-sized hub installations.
As shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2, CEFD’s LGaN is available in several sizes and power levels.
Each LGaN consists of a CEFD Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) module with the Monitor/Control
Processor (MCP), a power supply, and a fan assembly. The amplifier features a CEFD low loss
combining technique and MCP-based temperature-versus-gain compensation.
1.3 Features
1.3.1 The Solid-State Advantage
The LGaN is constructed with highly reliable gallium nitride field-effect transistors (GaN FETs). The
LGaNs also provide mean time between failures (MTBF) that is four to five times greater than the typical
TWT MTBF.
1.3.2 Monitor and Control (M&C)
The LGaN includes a microprocessor-based system that provides monitoring and control of the essential
parameters of the unit. The user interfaces with the unit through the M&C system via the remote
control/discrete communications port.
The unit is capable of EIA-232, EIA-485, or Ethernet remote communication. A discrete mute control and
relay status output is also available.
The M&C system monitors the fan speed, unit temperature, all power supply voltages, power transistor
currents, output power, etc. Should a critical monitored parameter fail, the unit will mute the RF signal and
report a fault. The details of the fault can be accessed via remote communication.
1.3.3 Enhanced Standard Features
The LGaN comes equipped with useful features that other manufacturers offer only as options. Included
in the base price are temperature compensation, sample ports (on some models), power monitor, power
factor corrected supply, and full remote monitor and control (M&C) capabilities (including Ethernet and
serial).
1.3.4 “Smart BUC” Functionality
CEFD’s unique approach to L-Band/RF frequency conversions eliminates DC and 10 MHz from the input
coax. This simplifies redundant and multi-carrier operation. All units suppor industry standard FSK
modem/BUC communications.
All LGaN models have a self-contained power supply, eliminating the requirement for the modem to
supply the BUC voltage on the center conductor of the RF cable, simplifying multi-carrier operation and
modem spares maintenance.

L-GaN
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Introduction 1–3
1.3.5 Data Logging Capability
To greatly enhance system maintainability, the LGaN includes a built-in data logging capability. By
recording critical operational parameters (such as temperature, output power, mute status, etc.) at time
stamped intervals, the user can quickly gather intelligence not only about the unit itself, but also the unit’s
operational environment.
1.3.6 Optional Internal 10 MHz Reference
With the optional high stability, oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) installed, one more signal is
removed from the Tx IF cable. This ensures optimum RF performance of the BUC by eliminating any
reference degradation caused by IF combiners, interconnections, or rotary joints.
1.3.7 Optional LNB Support
The LGaN was designed with the evolution of L-band systems in mind. L-band IF topologies are no
longer relegated to low power single carrier installations and are now found in larger multi-carrier
installations. A challenge presented by multi-carrier L-band systems is the presence of DC and reference
components on the Tx/Rx L-band interfaces. The LGaN design, by default, eliminates the DC component
from the Tx IF and can eliminate the reference requirement with the optional internal OCXO. The LNB
bias/reference option completes the solution by eliminating DC and reference signal requirements from
the Rx L-band interface.
1.3.8 SSPA Module
The amplifier module performs the core function of the unit. An isolator is at the RF input to ensure good
voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The RF signal then passes through an electronically controlled
attenuator that adjusts the overall attenuation according to the user input. After some amplification, a
second attenuator is automatically controlled via a look-up table to maintain the amplifier gain at a
constant level over temperature variations.
The RF signal is then amplified by a multi-stage design that utilizes proprietary combining techniques to
meet the rated power requirements. The output circuitry contains a coupler to provide a sampled signal
for monitoring purposes. A power detector circuit also is included, and the reading can be accessed via
remote communication. A high-power circulator and load are located at the output to provide good VSWR
and protection from external mismatch.
1.3.9 Cooling System
Chapter 2. SYSTEM CONNECTORS, INSTALLATION AND STARTUP
The LGaN contains a robust heat sink and thermal design to maintain a low operating temperature. All
contain temperature-controlled fans which are monitored by the M&C board. The fans draw in cool
outside air across the power supply and specialized RF heat sink. The amplifier module temperature is
monitored and, if for any reason the amplifier temperature exceeds a safe preset limit, the amplifier
module supply is shut down to protect the unit from thermal failure.
Most LGaN units monitor the ambient (outside) air temperature through a sensor located in the air intake.
An alarm is generated if the ambient temperature rises at least 3°C (37.4°F) above the specified upper
limit. Additionally, the unit will shut down to protect itself if an ambient temperature of 6°C (42.8°F) above
the specified upper limit is detected.

L-GaN
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Introduction 1–4
The LGaN should be installed in a way which does not impede adequate airflow (see Chapter 2.
SYSTEM CONNECTORS, INSTALLATION AND STARTUP), and the unit should always be operated
within its specified temperature range. The LGaN’s heatsinks should also be cleaned regularly to ensure
optimal airflow and cooling performance.
1.3.10 Temperature and RF Overdrive
Read and understand this important section to ensure long time
amplifier reliability.
1.3.10.1 Overview
The LGaN has firmware intended to help the user be more aware of potential over temperature and over
drive conditions that could degrade the reliability of the amplifier. Furthermore, the user can view
recorded maximum and minimum values of important parameters as they have occurred over the
operating history of the unit. These updates are explained below.
1.3.10.2 Over Temperature
Chapter 4. ETHERNET INTERFACE OPERATION, Section 4.5.4.2, Status | Status
Operating the LGaN beyond its specified temperature rating may degrade the performance and life of the
unit. The unit has an internal sensor that monitors the temperature of the airflow across the cooling fans
and is very close to the actual ambient or outside temperature. This temperature can be monitored on the
Status | Status webpage. It is also reported via the serial RMS command, and has the label of Outside
Temperature (OTEMP). This temperature should be consistent with the expected ambient temperature in
which the unit resides. If it is not, then the user should ensure that there are no obstructions blocking the
cool air inlet or recirculating the hot air exhaust of the unit back into the inlet, that there is adequate
clearance around the cool air inlet and exhaust areas, and that all fans are working properly, etc.
If the ambient temperature is measured at least 3ºC (37.4°F) above the specified rating, or other internally
monitored temperatures exceed their threshold (such as the amplifier heat sink temperature,
ATEMP>95ºC (203°F)), an alarm or fault will be declared. The unit will not shut down, but the condition
causing the elevated temperature should be promptly remedied. If temperatures continue to rise (Outside
Temp ≥6ºC (42.8°F) above rated, or ATEMP ≥96ºC (204.8°F)), the unit will declare an Over Temperature
Shutdown fault and will turn off the power supplies to the critical RF transistors for protection purposes.
(The Amplifier/Outside Temperature Alarm has a hysteresis of 5ºC (41°F), while the Over Temperature
Shutdown fault has a hysteresis of 10ºC (50°F)).

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1.3.10.3 Over Drive (Excessive RF Input Level)
The unit’s specified linear rated output power level, Plinear, can be found in the unit datasheet. Although
the unit may be capable, operating beyond its Plinear level is discouraged. As the input drive level is
increased, output saturation will soon be reached where device currents and temperatures may rise very
quickly to disconcerting levels, but without any appreciable increase in usable output power.
Although the best protection against potentially degrading overdrive conditions is user attention and
vigilance to the input and output levels as mentioned above, CEFD has implemented software failsafes
which will help protect the unit from damage and warn the user of gross overdrive conditions. The over
drive information is displayed on the Status webpage.
When an excessive output power level is detected, the unit begins adding attenuation and will eventually
declare an alarm when the over drive condition exceedes 1.0 dB. If this occurs, the user should reduce
the input power until the alarm clears and the estimated overdrive is 0 dB. (Note that once the over drive
alarm is active, the input power level must be reduced until the output power is 5 dB below the Prated
level before the over drive attenuation is released and the alarm is cleared.) Additionally, a fault condition
is raised if the over drive attenuation level reaches 10 dB. This fault will turn off the power supplies to the
critical RF transistors for protection purposes.
1.3.11 Maximum Operating Points
Chapter 4. ETHERNET INTERFACE OPERATION, Section 4.5.4.2, Status | Status
The Status | Status webpage includes the maximum (and in some cases, minimum) operating points of
key parameters as they are recorded by the unit over time. This helps the factory and the user ensure
that the unit is being operated correctly, especially regarding ambient temperature and user drive levels.
1.3.12 Power Supply
The LGaN features a power supply that is power factor corrected. It supplies several voltages necessary
for the unit to operate.
1.3.13 LNB Operation
Either LGaN package style may be ordered with an optional internal 10 MHz reference and LNB
converter bias tee. With these options installed, the user has control of the bias tee enable (LNB On/Off)
as well as the DC bias voltage (On/Off).

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1.3.14 Block Up Converter (BUC) Input
The LGaN upconverts an L-Band input carrier to the desired output frequency (C, X, or Ku-Band). LO
frequencies are provided in the table below:
BUC C, Ku, X LO Frequencies
Band
Frequency
LO Frequency
Inverting
C-Band
5850 to 6650 MHz
4900 MHz
No
5950 to 6700 MHz
5000 MHz
No
Insat C-Band
6725 to 7025 MHz
5760 MHz
No
X-Band
7900 to 8400 MHz
6950 MHz
No
Ku Band (Low)
12.75 to 13.25 GHz
11.800 GHz
No
Ku-Band
14.00 to 14.50 GHz
13.050 GHz
No
Ku-Band-W
13.75 to 14.50 GHz
12.800 GHz
No
Unlike most BUCs, no DC bias voltage should be provided on the center conductor of the L-Band coax. In
addition, the LGaN is available with an internal 10 MHz reference. As, such, no 10 MHz reference is
required on the center conductor of the L-Band coax. If a reference is provided on the coax, the internal
reference will detect and lock to it.