Conrad-johnson design CAV45 User manual

Conrad-Johnson Owner’s Manual:
CAV45 Control Amplifier
conrad-johnson It just sounds right.

CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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Thank you for selecting the CAV45 control amplifier as the control
center and power amplifier for your audio system. The CAV45
draws on three decades of research at conrad-johnson into the
reproduction of recorded music. The result is a control amplifier
with a remarkable ability to recreate the dynamics, textures,
tonalities, and ambience of live musical performances. With the
CAV45, we believe that you will experience the excitement of
discovery in hearing more from your favorite recordings than ever
before.
At conrad-johnson, we expect our products to be a source of
satisfaction and of pride to their owners for many years to come.
Accordingly, circuit designs, parts and materials for all conrad-
johnson products are selected with a view to maintaining optimal
performance over the years. Our reputation for producing among
the industry's most reliable components is a natural consequence
of this engineering approach.
Although operation of the CAV45 amplifier is quite straightforward,
please take a few minutes to read this manual for useful
information on its installation and operation.
In closing, we’d like to welcome you to the family of conrad-
johnson owners. We want you to enjoy your conrad-johnson
product to the fullest. To this end, our staff stands ready to answer
any questions you may have about the function and application of
your CAV45, and to provide any needed service both during, and
after the warranty period. Our goal is to heighten your enjoyment of
recorded music.

CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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imited Warranty For Conrad-Johnson Components
Conrad-Johnson Design, Inc. will provide service under warranty to
the original owner on products sold new in the United States for the
lesser period of three years from the date of purchase by the
original purchaser, or five years from the date of shipment to the
authorized conrad-johnson dealer. During the warranty period,
conrad-johnson will repair defective units without charge for labor
or parts (with the exception of vacuum tubes and batteries).
Exclusions. The following are not covered under this warranty:
a) Units that have been damaged by misuse, abuse, or
accident.
b) Units that have been modified, altered, or improperly
repaired by anyone not specifically authorized by conrad-
johnson design, inc.
c) Units not purchased from an authorized conrad-johnson
dealer in the United States for use in the United States.
d) Normal wear
e) Incidental or consequential damages are not covered under
this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion of
incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion may not
apply to you.
Obtaining Warranty Service: To obtain warranty service, the unit
must be shipped, along with evidence of purchase, in factory
packing to conrad-johnson design (or designated service center)
with freight and insurance prepaid by the owner. After repair, the
unit will be returned with freight and insurance prepaid by conrad-
johnson design to any destination in the United States.
All implied warranties, including merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose are limited in duration to the duration of this
express warranty. Some states do not allow limitations on the
duration of implied warranties so the above limitations may not
apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also
have other rights that vary from state to state.
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CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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Conrad-Johnson products purchased outside the United States are
covered by warranty terms of the importing distributor in the
country in which the product was originally purchased, which may
differ from the terms set out herein. Importing distributors are not
obligated to provide warranty service for products originally
purchased outside their country. Conrad-Johnson will provide
warranty service for products outside the United States, but in
these cases, the customer must pay all shipping, handling and
customs costs both to and from our Service Department.
Questions about this warranty should be addressed to:
Service Department
conrad-johnson design, inc.
2800K Dorr Avenue
Fairfax, VA 22031
The conrad-johnson service department can also be reached by e-
mail at [email protected], by phone at 703-698-8581,
or by fax at 703-560-5360.
Service
If your conrad-johnson audio component requires service, repack it
using the original box and packing material and ship to the Service
Department address above. Boxes and packing materials can be
purchased through our service department if you no longer have
yours. Include with the unit a note describing the problem you are
having in as much detail as possible. It is especially important for
our technician to know if the problem is intermittent. If you want an
estimate of cost for out of warranty service, be sure to request it in
this note. Be aware that requesting an estimate will delay service
to your unit, as we will have to contact you for approval before
commencing service.
Registering The Warranty
Please return the enclosed card to the factory within 30 days of
purchase to register the warranty

CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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nstallation
The CAV45 dissipates a significant amount of heat. For proper
ventilation, mount the unit on a flat, hard surface, taking care that
the ventilation holes in the bottom are unobstructed. Maintain at
least four inches of clearance above the unit, and at least three
inches on the sides. The cabinet should be open at front and back.
For more restricted installations, cooling fans are recommended.
The CAV45 is supplied with a cover to provide protection from the
hot surfaces of the vacuum-tubes. It should always be used in
installations where there is any possibility that children or pets may
come near the amplifier.
All CAV45s sold in the United States are configured for operation
on a 60Hz ac power line producing between 108 and 126 volts.
Export versions of the CAV45 will have the correct operating
voltage and frequency clearly marked on the back panel of the unit,
near the ac power cord. In all cases, the actual line voltage should
be within + 5/- 10% of the nominal rated voltage.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Considerable care has been taken in the design of the CAV45 to
minimize its susceptibility to radio frequency interference and other
forms of EMI. Choice of materials, physical layout, grounding
practice, and power supply design have all been specified with a
view to reducing the impact of electromagnetic fields on the
performance of this unit. Our primary goal, however, is the
accurate reproduction of recorded music in a normal home
environment. We have elected not to compromise this objective by
the application of heavy-handed RFI filters, or by using grounding
practices that reduce RFI at the expense of degraded audio
performance. We find that our approach works well, resulting in
only rare instances of EMI problems which could be treated locally
as needed, rather than compromising the performance of our
product in the 99.9% of installations where EMI is not a problem.
Care in installation can often avoid EMI induced problems.
Interconnect cables should be kept short (3 meters or less), and
shielded cable should be used.
Physical location and cable “dress” can be an important factor in
minimizing hum pickup. Power (ac mains) cords should be dressed
to remain at least 4" (100mm) away from input/output cables.
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CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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onnection
SOURCES (INPUT1, INPUT2, INPUT3): These high level inputs
are electronically equivalent. Connect any high-level source such
as CD player, Tuner, DAC, etc. to these inputs.
RIGHT OUTPUT, LEFT OUTPUT: Five-way binding posts are
provided for connection of your loudspeakers, with correct spacing
to accept a standard "double banana" plug. They will also accept
spade lugs, bare wire, or pin connectors.
The two channels should be connected in correct "relative phase".
This means that when the same signal is applied to both channels,
the right and left channels speaker diaphragms will move
synchronously - in and out together. Terminals on speakers are
usually coded - one designated "C", "ground", "-" or black, the
other designated "+" or red. "In phase" connection of the speakers
can normally be achieved by taking care to connect the wire from
the "+" amplifier terminal to the red or "+" coded terminal on each
speaker, and connecting the "-" terminal to the black or "-" coded
terminal on each speaker. In phase connection of the speakers can
be readily ascertained by ear. Listen to a recording of a solo
vocalist (use a mono recording if available). With the speakers in
phase the voice should be clearly focused between the two
speakers. With the speakers connected out of phase, the voice will
be diffused, with no identifiable source. Relative phase may be
reversed by switching the "+" and "-" leads at one speaker only.
ontrols
<power>: Rocker switch to power the CAV45 on.
<selector>: Use this rotary switch to select between the three
available high-level inputs.
<level>: Level setting is accomplished by the rotary level control.
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CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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acuum Tube Replacement
The CAV45 uses seven vacuum tubes of three different types: one
type 6922 (V1), two type 5965 (V2 and V3), and four type EL34
(V4 through V7). The brands of tubes we supply have been chosen
by first selecting those brands which are known to be most reliable,
then by extensive auditioning of these acceptable brands with the
final choices being made solely on the basis of sonic performance.
We know of no vacuum tubes available which will improve the
sonic performance of your CAV45. We highly recommend that you
purchase replacement tube sets from conrad-johnson design.
We anticipate tube life to accommodate two to three years of
operation without degradation in normal use - if the amplifier is
switched off when not in use. If it is left on at all times, tube life can
be exhausted in a matter of a few months.
The CAV45 has been designed to make tube replacement as
simple as possible. Because the output tubes are individually
biased, replacement tubes need not be matched pairs. No a-c
balance adjustment is necessary. It is necessary to re-bias the
amplifier when the output tubes are replaced. The CAV45 has built
in bias indicators so that no instruments are required to make this
adjustment.
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CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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Adjusting Output Tube Bias
Biasing the amplifier is a simple procedure that can easily be done
by the owner. Only a plastic screwdriver is required (one has been
included with your amplifier for this purpose). After replacing the
tubes, the amplifier should be connected to a load (your
loudspeakers will work fine) and there should be no signal applied
to the amp and the volume control turned fully down. Turn the
amplifier on. After about one minute, turn each of the four
screwdriver adjustable controls (located near the output tube
sockets) counterclockwise until the associated indicator LED just
goes off. Clockwise rotation may be necessary first to turn the LED
on; do not turn the adjusting screw any further in the clockwise
direction once the LED has come on.
After the amplifier has warmed up thirty minutes, the procedure just
described should be repeated. NOTE: It is normal for these LEDs
to flash or flicker when the amplifier is in use. This biasing
procedure should be performed whenever the amplifier's output
tubes are replaced and after each six months of average use.
PLATE FUSE: Your CAV45 has been fitted with plate supply fuses
that are installed to protect the amplifier circuitry in the event of
output tube failure. The fuse holders are physically located inside
the chassis at the ends of the vertically mounted power supply pc
board. The fuses are 5x20mm 800mA F-type (fast blow) ceramic
fuses. LEDs labeled FUSE OUT are located on the top of the
chassis, one on either side of the center transformer. If a plate fuse
blows, the associated LED will light. The sonic effects of a blown
fuse are very low, very distorted sounds from the speaker being
driven by that channel.
WARNING: the CAV45 operates at high voltages. The chassis
should only be opened by qualified, experienced persons. NEVER
remove the bottom cover of the chassis without first unplugging the
unit from the ac mains and allowing ample time for power supplies
to drop to safe voltages.
Replacement fuses are available directly from conrad-johnson or
from our dealers.

CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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etting The Most From Your CAV45 Control
Amplifier
In a system of commensurate high quality components, the
conrad-johnson CAV45 offers an unparalleled level of
sophistication and refinement in music reproduction. To get the
best performance out of any audio system, there are a number of
important details that must be attended to.
Absolute Phase
Musical notes are heard through the ear’s response to waves of
alternating rise and fall of air pressure. Musical transients are
almost exclusively positive: that is, the initial effect is a rise in
pressure. The ear is capable of distinguishing these positive
transients from the musically unnatural alternative of a negative
transient (an initial fall in air pressure). In terms of your stereo
system, these transients are created by your loudspeakers. If the
speakers respond to musical transients by first moving out, they
are creating a rise in pressure, and the system is said to be phase
correct. If they respond by moving in, they create a fall in pressure
and the system is said to be phase inverting. Each component in
the stereo system either preserves the phase of the incoming
signal, and is said to be phase correct, or inverts the phase and is
said to be phase inverting. It is unimportant whether an individual
component is phase correct or phase inverting, as long as the
system as a whole is phase correct. This will be the case if the
number of phase inversions is even (or zero).
The CAV45 is phase correct (non-inverting). If your system has an
odd number of inversions, (if you have a phase inverting source)
then you must add one phase inversion. This is conveniently done
by reversing the positive and negative connections to your
speakers (be sure to reverse both channels). If you are not sure
about the phase of every piece in your system, you can establish
correct absolute phase by careful listening. When the system is in
correct phase, transients will be noticeably cleaner and more
sharply defined. The effect is especially apparent on plucked string
sounds. A final warning - not all recordings are phase correct
(including some “audiophile” recordings), so listen to several before
concluding your investigation of absolute phase.
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CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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The Importance Of Wires
Interconnect and speaker wires are an important element in your
stereo system. Interconnects are available which will permit a
reference quality system to blossom and fulfill its promise of
musical reality. Others will strangle the system to the point where it
becomes little better than average. To complicate matters, our
experience suggests that the choice of interconnects will be
system dependent - those that are top ranked on one system may
be a poor choice for a different system. Consult your conrad-
johnson dealer for recommendations for your specific system.
Performance Tip
Warm up the CAV45 before listening: The sonic performance of
the CAV45 improves noticeably as the unit warms up. The
midrange becomes more lucid, the highs smoother, and the
soundstage expands. The warm up period can be expected to last
about fifteen minutes.
Questions: If you have questions about the installation or function
of your CAV45 do not hesitate to call Customer Service at (703)
698-8581.

CAV45 Owner’s Manual
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pecifications
Power: 45 watts per channel RMS both channels driven into 4
ohms from 30Hz to 15KHz at no more than 1.5% total harmonic
distortion or intermodulation distortion.
Sensitivity: 0.35 V RMS to rated power
Frequency Response: 20Hz to 20 kHz +0/-.5 dB
Hum and Noise: 96 dB below rated power output
Phase: phase correct
Input Impedance: 100 kOhms
Mechanical
Dimensions: 13.375"D x 17.375”W x 6.625”H
Net Weight: 42 lb
Fuses
The CAV45 power transformer is protected by a fuse on the ac
power line (F1, located in a compartment in the ac line-cord
receptacle mounted on the back of the amplifier), and by four
separate internal fuses on the secondary circuits of the transformer
(F2 – F5) located on the bottom of the pc board. A failure of any of
these fuses is a symptom of a more serious problem, and a
competent service technician should be consulted. In no event
should fuses be replaced with a value or type different than that
originally supplied. The correct fuse values and types are:
F1: 5x20mm 5 amp T-type if configured for 120V:
5x20mm 3.15 amp T-type if configured for 220/240V.
F2, F3, and F4: 5x20mm 200 mA amp T-type
F5: 5x20mm 3.15 amp T-type
The output stage is protected by a plate fuse in series with the
output tubes. This is a 5x20mm 800 mA F-type (fast-blow) ceramic
fuse, located inside the chassis in fuse holders mounted on the
vertical power supply board.
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