
Com-Tech 200 Amplifier Service Manual
7
Theory
Overview
It should be noted that over time Crown makes im-
provementsandchangestotheirproductsforvarious
reasons. This manual is up to date as of the time of
writing. For additional information regarding these
amplifiers, refer to the applicable Technical Notes
provided by Crown for this product.
Thissectionofthemanualexplainsthegeneralopera-
tionofatypicalCrownpoweramplifier.Topicscovered
includeFrontEnd,GroundedBridge,andODEP.Due
to variations in design from vintage to vintage (and
similarities with other Crown products) the theory of
operation remains simplified.
Features
Com-Tech amplifiers utilize numerous Crown innova-
tionsincluding grounded bridge and ODEPtechnolo-
gies. Cooling techniques make use of the what is
essentiallyairconditionertechnology.Airflowsbottom
to top, and front to side. Air flows a short distance
across a wide heatsink. This type of air flow provides
significantlybettercoolingthanthe“windtunnel”tech-
nology used by many other manufacturers. Output
transistorsareofthemetalcantyperatherthanplastic
case. This allows for a significantly higher thermal
margin for the given voltage and current ratings. All
devices used are tested and graded to ensure maxi-
mum reliability. Another electronic technique used is
negative feedback. Almost all power amplifiers utilize
negative feedback to control gain and provide stabil-
ity,butCrownusesmultiplenestedfeedbackloopsfor
maximum stability and greatly improved damping.
Most Crown amplifiers have damping in excess of
1000 in the bass frequency range. This feedback,
along with our compensation and ultra-low distortion
output topology, make Crown amplifiers superior.
FeaturesspecifictotheCom-TechSeries’includeslew
rate limiting, and audio muting for delay or protective
action.ThisamplifiercanoperateineitheraBridgedor
Parallel Mono mode as well as dual (stereo). A sensi-
tivity switch allows selection of input voltage required
forratedoutput.Levelcontrolsaremountedontherear
panelandareoftherotarytype.Frontpanelindicators
let the user know the status of the low voltage power
supply (enable), signal presence, distortion, and an
ODEP indicator for each channel which shows the
reserveenergystatus.Ingeneral,thepackagingofthis
model is designed for maximum watt/price/weight/
size value with user friendly features.
Foradditionaldetailsrefertothespecificationsection,
or to the applicable Owner’s Manual.
Front End Operation
Thefrontendiscomprisedofthreestages: Balanced
GainStage(BGS),VariableGainStage(VGS),andthe
Error Amp. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a
typical front end with voltage amplification stages.
Balanced Gain Stage (BGS)
Input to the amplifier is balanced. The shield may be
isolated from chassis ground by an RC network to
interrupt ground loops via the Ground Lift Switch. The
non-inverting (hot) side of the balanced input is fed to
the non-inverting input of the first op-amp stage. The
inverting(negative)sideofthebalancedinputisfedto
the inverting input of the first op-amp stage. A poten-
tiometer is provided for common mode rejection ad-
justment.Electrically,theBGSisatunitygain.(Froman
audio perspective, however, this stage actually pro-
vides+6dBgainifafullybalancedsignalisplacedon
itsinput.)TheBGSisanon-invertingstage.It’soutput
is delivered to the Variable Gain Stage.
Variable Gain Stage (VGS)
FromtheoutputoftheBGS,thesignalgoestotheVGS
wheregain is determined by the position of the Sensi-
tivity Switch, and level is determined by the level
control. VGS is an inverting stage with the input being
fedto its op-amp stage.Because gain after thisstage
is fixed at 26dB (factor of 20), greater amplifier sensi-
tivityisachievedbycontrollingtheratiooffeedbackto
input resistance. The Sensitivity Switch sets the input
impedanceto this stage and varies the gain such that
the overall amplifier gain is 26 dB, or is adjusted
appropriately for 0.775V or 1.4V input to attain rated
output.
Error Amp
The inverted output from the VGS is fed to the non-
invertinginputoftheErrorAmpop-ampstagethrough
anACcoupling capacitorandinputresistor. Amplifier
output is fed back via the negative feedback (NFb)
loop resistor. The ratio of feedback resistor to input
resistor fixes gain from the Error Amp input to the
output of the amplifier at 26 dB. Diodes prevent
overdriving the Error Amp. Because the Error Amp
amplifies the difference between input and output
signals, any difference in the two waveforms will pro-
duce a near open loop gain condition which in turn
results in high peak output voltage. The output of the
Error Amp, called the Error Signal (ES) drives the
Voltage Translators.