Crystal Vision TANDEM-200 User manual
Crystal Vision Ltd., Lion Technology Park, Station Road East, Whittlesford, Cambridge, CB22 4WL, England.
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.crystalvision.tv Tel: +44(0) 1223 497049 Fax: +44(0) 1223 497059
TANDEM-200
Dual embedder/de-embedder and audio
processor
TANDEM-200 User Manual R1.7 Crystal Vision
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Contents
1Introduction 5
1.1Audio processing 8
Assigning delay 8
External reference 9
Handling ancillary data 9
SDI PLL function 9
Factory defaults 10
Monitoring 10
1.2Rear connector options 11
1.3Operational modes 12
Mode 1 12
Mode 2 14
Mode 3 15
Mode 4 16
2Data packet management 17
2.1HANC processing 18
2.2EDH processing 18
2.3Vertical switching 19
Trading process speed for robustness 20
3Installing Statesman 22
3.1Installation 22
3.2Selecting the operating mode 23
4Statesman operation in mode 1 24
Audio routing 25
Setting audio delay 30
Preset Controls 31
Miscellaneous 33
Using the Toolkit 35
5Statesman operation in mode 2 36
Audio routing 37
Using the Output router 41
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Setting audio delay 42
Preset Controls 43
Miscellaneous 45
Using the Toolkit 46
6Statesman operation in mode 3 47
Audio routing 48
Setting audio delay 51
Preset Controls 52
Miscellaneous 54
Using the Toolkit 55
7Statesman operation in mode 4 56
Audio routing 57
Using Output Routers 61
Setting audio delay 63
Preset Controls 63
Miscellaneous 66
Using the Toolkit 67
8The active control panel 68
Navigating the display 69
8.1The TANDEM-200 menu structure 70
Menu numbering scheme 71
Option codes 71
Shorthand codes 71
8.2Status menus 72
8.3Routing and delay menus 73
Routing assignment examples 75
8.4Configuration menus 77
8.5Audio monitoring menus 78
9Using card edge controls 79
9.1Introduction 79
Main menus 79
The card edge display codes 80
TANDEM-200 display examples 81
Routing 81
Option cards fitted 81
SDI signal status 81
9.2Card edge status menus 82
General Status Only menus 82
Status/Config menus 83
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Ancillary data status 84
Input and output trouble shooting status 84
9.3Selecting default routing 85
9.4Audio routing 86
Selecting groups 86
Selecting sources and destinations 88
Assigning delay/phase inversion and muting 88
Setting audio delays and silence detect delay 90
9.5Audio monitoring 91
9.6Enabling/disabling GPI inputs 91
9.7Using presets 92
9.8Data packet management settings 93
Contiguous packing 93
Blanking HANC before embedding 93
Enabling EDH functions 93
Viewing ancillary data status 94
Error handling 95
Embedding formats and vertical switching 95
9.9Setting the stereo/dual mono status flag 96
9.10Adjusting AES/EBU output phase 97
9.11Assigning GPI outputs 98
Immediate alarms 98
9.12Selecting the operating mode 103
Mode changes to and from Mode 3 103
9.13Selecting the PLL mode 104
9.14Selecting the re-sampling mode 104
9.15Miscellaneous functions 105
Firmware version number 105
BFormat test 105
10Installation 106
10.1Rear module connections 109
10.2Signal earthing 114
10.3Using GPI outputs 115
DTB-AV GPI connections 115
FR1AV GPI connections 116
FR2AV GPI Connections 116
10.4Monitoring Audio Outputs 117
Using monitoring outputs 118
10.5Fitting audio sub-modules 119
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10.6Sub-module link settings 121
11Problem solving 130
11.1Card edge status LEDs 130
11.2Card edge error messages 130
11.3Statesman error reporting 131
11.4Sample problems and their solution: 132
11.5Card edge trouble shooting menus 133
Control cross reference 137
12Specification 138
Revision 7 RM36 connection information updated 09-01-08
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1 Introduction
The TANDEM-200 (Twin ANalogue or Digital EMbedder/de-embedder) can be
configured with two piggyback option cards to provide any a number of possible
functions at once, de–embed digital audio from SDI, embed external analogue or digital
audio into SDI and output analogue or digital external audio.
In addition to multi-mode dual embedding and de-embedding TANDEM-200
incorporates a number of powerful features. For example, a built-in audio delay is
provided to compensate for video processing, analogue monitoring can be used to
preview sources and audio quality is ensured with sophisticated error masking.
Control is available from the card edge, active control panels or by serial control from
Statesman, a dedicated software application.
The main features are as follows:
•dual de-embedders and dual embedders
•four operational modes – Mode 1, Mode 2, Mode 3 and Mode4
•two built-in dual multi-channel digital audio delay processors
•dual HANC processors for independent data packet management
•optional SDI ‘PLL’
•audio source preview monitoring
•AES breakout for external processing
•external AES or word clock reference input for digital output modules
•EDH insertion on embedder and de-embedder
•control and status monitoring via board edge or frame/remote control panel or
Statesman
•buffered SDI and AES outputs
•audio error masking and protection in de-embedders – handles untimed or
asynchronous SDI with minimum corruption
•GPI control of configuration set-ups
TANDEM-200 has two duplicate SDI signal paths which may be used together or
independently. The two signal paths are referred to in this manual as side 1 and side 2.
Each side may possess a de-embedder, HANC processing and an embedder and take
either an input or an output option card to provide external audio inputs or outputs.
Operational Modes 1, 3, and 4, configure each of the two SDI signal paths with
independent resources, whilst Mode 2 combines all resources in one SDI path. Mode 4
shares option cards between sides.
Functions include, audio shuffling, video delay compensation, audio replace, and audio
bridge where audio maybe transferred from one SDI path to another. Many of these
features are only available in specific operational modes.
A new TANDEM-200 delivered from the factory will configure itself for Mode 1 and
have two independent SDI paths, each of which contains a de-embedder, an embedder, or
a de-embedder plus an embedder and independent functions for any installed option
cards.
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The option card position for side 1 is at the top of the modules and the slot for side 2 is at
the bottom of the module. An 18 volt regulator option card is also required for analogue
input or output cards.
TANDEM-200 - sub-pcb or option card positions #1 and #2
The available option cards are:
•DIP2 – 2 x AES/EBU inputs for synchronous 48kHz audio, 75 Ohm, 110 Ohm,
HiZ
•DIP2RS – 2 x AES/EBU inputs with re-sampler for asynchronous audio (30 to
108kHz), 75 Ohm, 110 Ohm, HiZ
•DOP2-110 – 2 x AES/EBU outputs, 110 Ohm balanced, AES reference input
•DOP2-75 – 2 x AES/EBU outputs, 75 Ohm unbalanced, AES reference input
•AIP2 – Analogue dual stereo audio input
•AOP2 – Analogue dual stereo audio output
•RS4 – Re-sampler for asynchronous input and output signals (mode 3 only)
The card edge control interface uses a condensed code to refer to source and destination
functions when routing audio through the module. The codes refer in practice to installed
option cards and basic functions such as embedder or de-embedder. These codes are
introduced here to make understanding board edge control easier.
Code Function in mode 1 and other modes
A de-embedder SDI 1
B de-embedder SDI 2 (SDI 1 in modes 2 &3)
C embedder SDI 1 (SDI 2 in mode 3)
D embedder SDI 2 (SDI 1 in mode 2)
G input option SDI 1 (SDI 1 in mode 2, not used in mode 3, SDI 1&2 in mode 4)
H input option SDI 2 (SDI 1 in mode 2, not used in modes 3&4)
I output option SDI 1 (SDI 1 in mode 2 not used in modes 3&4)
J output option SDI 2 (SDI 1 in mode 2, not used in mode 3, SDI 1&2 in mode 4)
The allocation of a particular option card or circuit function to a side is not true of every
mode, since some modes may share functions or place them in series. Functional circuit
diagrams accompany discussion of each mode to make the meaning clear in each case.
Codes ‘E’ and ‘F’ are not used on a TANDEM-200.
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TANDEM-200 functionality is determined by the piggyback option cards fitted and
which of four operational modes has been selected.
The four modes are:
•Mode 1 – Independent - two independent SDI paths, each of which contain, in
addition to HANC processing, a de-embedder, an embedder, or a de-embedder
and an embedder
•Mode 2 – Two audio groups for a single SDI path – Dual de-embedder+dual
embedder with 2 audio groups (8 mono channels), ideal for multi-track
distribution
•Mode 3 – Audio Bridge – Transfer audio from SDI 1 to SDI 2 with optional
delay of up to 681 milliseconds - dual de-embedder+embedder handles 8 mono
channels in two groups – use with optional RS4 for asynchronous signals
•Mode 4 – Audio break-out and embed – Dual stereo de-embedders followed by
dual stereo replace embedders
TANDEM-200 architecture - internal pathways are entirely re- arranged each time a different mode is selected
In practice mode changes effectively re-program the module logic to create the exact
functions and interconnections for each mode. The above diagram is for illustration
purposes only. Operational modes are more fully discussed in this Introduction in section
1.3 and in the Statesman chapters 4, 5 6 and 7. HANC processing is discussed in section
2.1.
The external digital reference is either Word Clock or an AES reference and is only used
for digital output option cards.
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1.1 Audio processing
Routed audio can be delayed up to 0.68 seconds per side, inverted, muted and processed
for error correction and data packet management.
Assigning delay
In general, as the block diagram below for Mode 1 shows, embedding and external output
routing have separate routing matrices on each side.
TANDEM-200 (Mode 1)
Since there is only one delay module available for each SDI circuit, delay cannot be
assigned simultaneously to both the embed router and output router.
For example, if an embedder is ON and has delay assigned to it, delay cannot also be
assigned to an output router on the same ‘side’. The embedder audio group control used to
select one of four audio groups can also be used to turn the embedder OFF. This will
allow the delay function to be assigned to the output router.
This logic applies to Modes 1, 2 and 4. Mode 3 has only a combined embed router so all
audio paths through that router may have delay assigned.
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External reference
Digital output option cards may be used with an external word clock or AES reference.
Link jumpers are provided on the digital option cards to select 110 Ohm, HiZ or 75 Ohm
impedance.
Handling ancillary data
Ancillary data can be placed in both the vertical and horizontal blanking intervals of the
serial component video signal (SDI). The vertical ancillary data space or VANC is used
for such data as VITS or VITC whilst AES/EBU digital audio data is embedded in the
horizontal blanking data interval or HANC. Data packet management provides controls to
choose how new audio packets created for re-embedding audio are inserted into the
HANC data space.
Data packet management provides the following ancillary data handling options:
•Support for contiguous HANC data packing
•Automatic mark audio group for deletion
•Blank entire HANC data space, except the EDH insert
•Wide range of formats to embed on all HANC lines or leave a gap around the
vertical switching point
•Variable error masking and error handling
•Enable or disable EDH processing
Details of HANC processing and EDH processing can be found in the Data Packet
Management chapter.
SDI PLL function
There is a single PLL module, like a "time base corrector" that may be inserted into either
SDI 1 only, SDI 2 only, or left out of circuit (OFF).
The SDI signal accumulates an ever-increasing amount of jitter as it progresses through
an SDI installation, and as it passes through most equipment in its path. To minimise this
effect, TANDEM-100 has an SDI crystal controlled re-clocker which sets the output SDI
signal to the same mean frequency as the input, but re-clocked by a crystal controlled
Phase Locked Loop [PLL]. This produces extremely low jitter in the SDI output, even in
the presence of a very high level of jitter in the incoming signal. Typically, jitter of 1 or 2
nanoseconds peak to peak will be reduced to a few hundred picoseconds.
The PLL can be placed in either an SDI 1 or SDI 2 input path prior to processing, so all of
the functions of that side, as well as the SDI output, benefit.
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Factory defaults
A facility is provided at the card-edge to load ‘factory defaults’ for routing, delay and
preset data into TANDEM’s non-volatile memory. It is strongly recommended that the
appropriate factory defaults be loaded after any of the following:
•a change of Mode
•whenever sub-PCB cards have been changed
•at any time card edge or other menus appear corrupted
Please refer to section 9.3 for details of the available factory defaults that may be recalled.
Note: Always check that the appropriate groups are selected for embedding or de-embedding
after loading defaults (refer to section 9.4 for card edge controls).
Monitoring
TANDEM-200 is equipped with two monitoring outputs:
•analogue headphone output
•analogue or AES rear connector output
The rear connector output is fed from a monitoring ‘bus’ that may be switched between
OFF (silence or high impedance), a copy of the analogue headphone output or an
automatically assigned AES output. The rear connector monitoring may be used to extract
a ‘breakout’ monitoring quality output, when an output option card is not fitted.
The analogue output can be manually selected as adjacent pairs or routed using the in-
built routing to extract non-adjacent signals from the same group.
The AES output monitors the following audio:
•de-embedded audio if a Demux (de-embedder) is enabled
•audio routed to an output option card if the Demux (de-embedder) is disabled
•audio silence if Demux (de-embedder) is disabled no output option-card is fitted
Note: The analogue monitoring output can provide a Demux output even if an output option is
not fitted.
Setting all but a selected card’s monitoring BUS to OFF allows multiple TANDEM or
Demon cards to be selectively monitored.
The AES monitoring bus may be used for re-processing. AES signals can be fed to a
gain control, compressor or other process and then fed back into a digital input card for
further TANDEM processing or routing.
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1.2 Rear connector options
TANDEM-200 fits into FR2AV 2U frame for up to 12 Crystal Vision modules, the
FR1AV 1U frame for up to 6 Crystal Vision modules and the DTB-AV Desk top box for
up to 2 Crystal Vision modules.
There are five different types of rear module to cater for all Crystal Vision frames and to
provide a wide range of I/O options.
RM04 RM07 RM06
12 TANDEMs in 2U, 6 in 1U
Analogue / 110Ωdigital audio
No 2nd SDI output
6 TANDEMs in 2U 3 in 1U
75Ωdigital audio
No 2nd SDI output
6 TANDEMs in 2U 3 in 1U
Analogue / 110Ωdigital audio
2nd SDI output
RM05 RM08 RM36
9 TANDEMs in 2U
Analogue / 110Ωdigital audio
2nd SDI output
9 TANDEMs in 2U
75Ωdigital audio
No 2nd audio or SDI output
6 TANDEMs in 2U 3 in 1U
Analogue / 110Ωdigital audio
2nd SDI output
Further details of the rear modules can be found in the installation chapter.
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1.3 Operational modes
Mode 1
Mode 1 mode allows the embed and de-embed functions on each side to be set
independently.
TANDEM-200 in Mode 1
Mode 1 provides the following functions:
•single embedder, single de-embedder or single de-embedder+embedder
•dual embedder, dual de-embedder or dual de-embedder+embedder
•mixed embedder/de-embedder
If no audio option cards are fitted, each side can be used to ‘shuffle’ embedded audio
channels. Four audio channels from any one embedded audio group can be routed to any
audio channels in any one audio group, on the same side.
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Single or dual embedder
For each side with an input option card, audio channels can be selected from any four
mono channels available from the input card. These channels can then be routed to any
one of the four audio channels available in any one of four audio groups in the output SDI
stream via that side’s embedder.
Single or dual de-embedder
Up to four mono audio channels can be selected from any one of the four groups from
that side’s SDI input. These four channels can then be routed to any of the four mono
channels available on the output card, and/or to that side’s embedder.
Mixed de-embedder/embedder
With an audio input option card fitted in one side and an audio output option card fitted
into the other side, a mixed embedder/de-embedder can easily be configured.
Dual de-embedders and dual embedders
If two input cards are fitted, then each embedder may select any four signals to embed out
of the eight available; four from the input card and four from the de-embedder on the
same side as the embedder. If either side has no card, or an output card, then that side may
embed any four out of the four available from the de-embedder on the same side as the
embedder. De-embedders and embedders may be enabled or disabled at any time.
Note: Audio and video signals cannot be routed between one SDI circuit and another.
Audio channels can be transferred from one group to another. However, audio channels
can only be de-embedded from within one group and embedding into one (possibly
different) group.
There is one delay module available on each side, this means that delay can be assigned
to an output router or an embed router but not to both.
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Mode 2
Mode 2 uses all module resources for a single SDI path to provide support for shuffling
audio channels between two embedded audio groups and up to eight external mono (or
four stereo) audio channels.
TANDEM-200 in Mode 2
Mode 2 provides the following functions:
•embedder and de-embedder for two audio groups
•audio can be re-routed and re-embedded from embedded input or
analogue/digital external audio (option card dependent)
•audio can be re-routed from either of two audio groups to analogue/digital
audio outputs (option card dependent)
If no audio option cards are fitted, the module can still be used to ‘shuffle’ embedded
audio channels. Eight audio channels from any two embedded audio groups can be
routed to any audio channels on two audio groups in the same SDI path.
Note: There is one delay module available on each side, this means that delay can be assigned
to an output router or an embed router but not to both on the same side.
Mode 2 supports only a single SDI path , but remember that de-embedder A and
embedder C belong to ‘side 1’, de-embedder B and embedder D belong to ‘side 2’.
Routing between video paths is only possible with Mode 3.
Mode 2 provides four identical SDI outputs, two from the SDI 1 BNC and two from the
SDI 2 BNC. The SDI 2 input BNC is not used.
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Mode 3
Mode 3 is designed to allow embedded audio to be transferred from one video stream to
another with an optional delay of 681 milliseconds. For fully synchronous applications no
piggyback modules are required. For asynchronous inputs, such as standards converters or
frame synchronisers, one or two RS4 re-sampler modules can be fitted.
Mode 3 is referred to as ‘Audio Bridge’ since it can easily be used to bypass video
processing equipment such as a DVE or ARC that does not pass embedded audio.
TANDEM-200 in Mode 3
Mode 3 provides the following functions:
•de-embedder, delay and embedder for two audio groups
•optional re-sample option for asynchronous input and output signals, including
different line standards
When re-sampling is fitted and enabled, the SDI 1 path (up to the RS4 input) is totally
independent and isolated from the SDI 2 and RS4 output. However, re-sampling can be
disabled to optimise processing for non-linear or compressed audio such as Dolby-E.
If re-sampling is fitted but disabled, all audio processing is clocked at 48kHz synthesised
from the SDI 2 input.
Note: The bridging of non linear or compressed audio data, such as Dolby E, can be processed
ONLY when both input and output SDI signals are synchronous, one with the other.
Only linear audio (normal digital audio) can be re-sampled, thus permitting the use of
asynchronous SDI signals.
Mode 3 does not support the use of external audio inputs.
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Mode 4
Mode 4 is designed to allow embedded audio to be replaced from an external source. Both
SDI circuits share half of one input module and half of one output module.
Mode 4 is be referred to as ‘audio break-out and embed’. Background audio of a sports
event can be monitored on two channels (de-embed) and commentary added on the other
two channels (embed). This operation can be performed for two embedded SDI inputs.
TANDEM-200 in Mode 4
Mode 4 provides the following functions:
•dual stereo replace embedders
•embedded audio can be replaced from external stereo audio source
•stereo audio output from each SDI channel for monitoring incoming feed
Note: The option card on side 1 must be an issue ‘B’ input board and side 2 must have an issue
‘B’ output board. The card-edge BFormat test detailed in section 9.14 will test for board
issue type.
There is one delay module available on each side, this means that delay can be assigned
to an output router or an embed router but not to both.
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2 Data packet management
Ancillary data can be placed in both the vertical and horizontal blanking intervals of the
serial component video signal (SDI).
The VANC or Vertical ANCillary data space is used for ancillary data such as VITS or
vertical time code whilst AES/EBU digital audio data is embedded within in the
horizontal blanking data interval or HANC.
Horizontal ancillary data - HANC
Vertical ancillary data - VANC
SAV
EAV
Active video
field 1
SAV
EAV
Active video
field 2
Horizontal ancillary data - HANC
Horizontal ancillary data - HANC
Vertical ancillary data - VANC
Vertical ancillary data - VANC Vertical ancillary data - VANC
SW
POINT
There is room for four groups of AES/EBU digital audio between the end of active video
(EAV) and the start of active video (SAV). A group is comprised of two AES/EBU stereo
signals or four monaural channels.
Each TANDEM-200 ‘side’ can de-embed up to four additional audio channels from one
of the four groups of its SDI input stream and can embed four audio channels into one of
four possible audio groups in the output SDI stream.
The following ancillary data handling options are provided:
•Support for contiguous HANC data packing
•Automatic mark audio group for deletion
•Blank entire HANC data space, except the EDH insert before embedding
•Wide range of formats to embed on all HANC lines or leave a gap around the
vertical switching point
•Variable error masking and error handling
•Enable or disable EDH processing
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2.1 HANC processing
Contiguous packing ensures that new audio data packets are embedded at the first free
location after the EAV in the HANC.
Contiguous packing allows for all four groups and other data, such as groups ‘marked for
deletion’ to co-exist sequentially in the HANC. For example, there is only one input audio
group present and it is specifically desired to overwrite it and there is a good reason not to
use Blank HANC.
Blank HANC removes all incoming ancillary data except EDH after the inputs have been
read and before any new data is embedded.
If an incoming audio group is the same as an audio group selected for output in that SDI
path it will normally be flagged as ‘marked for deletion’ so that downstream devices do
not detect that group. However, if there is only one audio group present in the input SDI
stream, then the HANC space is automatically blanked before embedding. This does not
remove any meaningful data, but it leaves only one audio group occupying the HANC
space.
2.2 EDH processing
EDH is in the HANC space one line per field on lines 5 & 318 for 625 and lines 9 & 272
for 525.
EDH processing may be selected to be ‘OFF’ (pass through) or ‘ON’ (include EDH
functions). EDH off/pass through disables the EDH function. When set to ON then the
EDH function calculates and inserts new Active Picture and Full Field EDH values.
If ‘Mark for Deletion’, ‘Blank HANC’ are in place then EDH CRC values will no longer
be valid. In this case, new EDH insert CRC values are calculated and inserted into the
EDH data block in each TV field.
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2.3 Vertical switching
When upstream input switching occurs or when input drop-out occurs the embedded
digital audio can suffer degradation and loss of synchronisation. The result could produce
audible defects.
Repeating samples from a buffer during the disturbance can ease the problem or in the
case of upstream switching, lines around the standard switching point can simply be
avoided and not used for digital audio.
There are a number of methods in use for avoiding the switching point suggested in
SMPTE recommendation RP168. SMPTE standards 272M and 291M suggest the use of a
single line gap after the switch point, but larger gaps around the switch point are
sometimes required to provide sufficient robustness. In addition, there is equipment
already in the market place manufactured by Sony before the SMPTE recommendation
was implemented that embeds on all lines. For these reason both SMPTE and proprietary
embedded formats need to be supported.
The card edge display uses the following text to distinguish between the two basic
embedded audio formats:
•SMPTE: no data on lines around the preferred switching point e.g. lines 5,6,7,8 in
625 and lines 9,10,11,12 in 525
•SONY: data on every line
TANDEM modules provide a range of embedding and de-embedding formats that
provide a trade off between robustness and processing delay.
The de-embedding and embedding formats do not have to be the same. De-embedding
can be set to look at all lines for embedded audio whilst embedding can be done
according to SMPTE recommendations with a switch-point gap.
This allows TANDEM-200 to convert material from SONY formats to SMPTE. It is also
possible to convert SMPTE to SONY format, however, in this case the de-embed mode
should be placed in the special setting of SONY/SMPTE or ‘ALL’ rather than SONY.
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