Daniels P25 User manual

Daniels P25
Radio Systems
www.danelec.com
User Guide

UG-001 Daniels P25 Radio Systems
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Daniels P25
Radio Systems
User Guide

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User
Guide
Copyright ©2005 Daniels Electronics Ltd. All rights reserved. No part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent
of Daniels Electronics Ltd.
DE™ is a registered trademark of Daniels Electronic Ltd. registered in
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Motorola® is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.
NOTE
Daniels Electonics Ltd. utilizes a three-level revision system. This system
enables Daniels to identify the significance of a revision. Each element
of the revision number signifies the scope of change as described in the
diagram below.
DOCUMENT REVISION
DEFINITION
Major Revisions: The result of a major
change to product function, process or
requirements.
Minor Revisions: The result of a
minor change to product, process or
requirements.
Editorial Revisions: The result of typing
corrections or changes in formatting,
grammar or wording.
1-0-0
Three-level revision numbers start at 1-0-0 for the first release. The
appropriate element of the revision number is incremented by 1 for each
subsequent revision, causing any digits to the right to be reset to 0.
For example:
If the current revision = 2-1-1 Then the next major revision = 3-0-0
If the current revision = 4-3-1 Then the next minor revision = 4-4-0
If the current revision = 3-2-2 Then the next editorial revision = 3-2-3
Daniels Electronics Ltd.
43 Erie Street, Victoria, BC
Canada V8V 1P8
www.danelec.com
[email protected]
Toll Free Canada and USA:
phone: [phone]
fax: [phone]
International:
phone: [phone]
fax: [phone]
PRINTED IN CANADA
Document Number:
Revision:
Revision Date:
UG-001
1-1-0
August 2005

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For the past 50 years Daniels has provided customers in North
America and internationally with highly reliable Base Stations and
Repeaters that are environmentally robust to operate in rugged and
extreme temperature conditions where low current consumption
(solar powered) is a key requirement.
Daniels has been a pioneering member of the P25 Digital standard,
for radio system interoperability between emergency response
governmental organizations, providing enhanced functionality and
encryption. Our products operate between 29 - 960 MHz and are
available in a variety of Base Station and Repeater configurations
for two way voice and mobile data applications.
Our self-servicing customers range from Forestry and National Park
services through Police and Fire departments and on to Utility and
Transportation groups. Our products have been deployed in every
imaginable situation from the Antarctic to Hawaiian mountaintops to
Alaska, enabling respondents to Forest Fires, Ground Zero rescue
and routine patrols.
Daniels is an industry leader in Analog and P25 radio systems
design. We offer modular rack mounted Base Stations and Repeaters
capable of operating in the following bands:
Low Band VHF
VHF AM
VHF FM
UHF FM
800 MHz
900 MHz
ABOUT DANIELS
ELECTRONICS LTD.

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Daniels Electronics Ltd. provides many resources for the testing,
tuning, maintenance and design of your Daniels P25 Radio
System.
Instruction Manuals
Daniels Electronics instruction manuals are very comprehensive
and include information on:
Theory of operation
Detailed Specifications
Testing tuning instructions
Recommended test equipment
Component layout illustrations
Schematic diagrams
Parts lists
Jumper lists
Instruction manuals can be obtained from the factory.
Technical Notes
Technical notes outline key aspects of tuning, installing,
maintaining and servicing Daniels P25 Radio Systems.
Technical Notes can be found online at www.danelec.com under the
Library - Technical Notes section.
Daniels MT-4 and IFR 2975 Test Procedures (TN950)
Technical Note TN950 is an aid to configuring and testing Daniels
MT-4 radios using an IFR 2975 Service Monitor by Aeroflex.
TN950 is intended to be used with IFR 2975 Setup files that can be
loaded into the Service Monitor.
TN950 and the Setup Files can be found online at www.danelec.com
under the Library - Technical Notes section and can also be found
on the Aeroflex web page at www.p25.com.
Application Notes
Application Notes provide an overview of the range of applications
in which Daniels P25 Radio equipment can be used.
Application Notes can be found online at www.danelec.com under
the Library - Applications section.
P25 Training Guide
The P25 Training Guide provides the reader with a simple, concise
and informative description of Project 25.
The P25 Training Guide can be found online at www.danelec.com
under the Support - Training - Training Downloads section.
RESOURCES

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Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................1
Daniels Model Numbers.............................................................................1
Differences Between MT-4 Series Modules...............................................2
Repeater and Base Modules .....................................................................3
Identifying MT-4 Model Numbers ...............................................................3
Hardware, Firmware and Software Definitions ..........................................5
Available Frequency Bands .......................................................................5
Chapter 2: Technical Information ...........................................7
Front Panel RJ45 Connector Jacks ...........................................................7
LVDS Serial Data .......................................................................................8
Daniels P25 Data Packet Repeating (OTAR, GPS, etc.) ...........................8
Mixed Mode Operation...............................................................................9
Upgrading Firmware Versions....................................................................9
Repeating Digital Signals......................................................................... 11
Chapter 3: P25 Radio System Configurations ..................... 13
Repeater Operation ................................................................................. 13
Complex Repeater Operation .................................................................. 14
Repeater Operation with External Analog Wireline Control ..................... 15
Analog Controlled Base Station Operation .............................................. 16
Fixed Station Ethernet Interface Operation (Preliminary Information) ..... 18
Chapter 4: P25 System Block Diagrams.............................. 19
Repeater Block Diagram.......................................................................... 20
Base Station Block Diagram .................................................................... 21
Chapter 5: Software ............................................................. 23
Connecting the PC to the Radio .............................................................. 23
Using the Appropriate Software Program ................................................ 24
Receiver and Transmitter Programming .................................................. 28
Firmware Version Number ....................................................................... 31
CI-RC-4M Multiple Link Controller Programming..................................... 32
Chapter 6: Radio System Components ............................... 35
Daniels P25 Radio System Components................................................. 35
Subrack.................................................................................................... 36
System Monitor ........................................................................................ 41
Power Amplifiers ...................................................................................... 43
Tuning and Maintenance Tools ................................................................ 43

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Chapter 1: Introduction 1
User
Guide
This document is written as an introduction to Daniels Electronics Ltd.
P25 Radio Systems. The document assumes the reader is familiar
with conventional Two-Way Radio Communications systems.
Project 25 is a standards initiative, to be amended, revised, and added
to as the users identify issues, and as experience is gained.
DANIELS MODEL NUMBERS
Daniels Electronics Ltd. has manufactured radio systems for more
than 50 years. In the early years, Daniels manufactured AM and
SSB radiotelephones for the marine industry, and more recently,
the MT series of radios for mountain top repeaters and base station
applications.
MT-2
The MT-2 series of radio modules were originally manufactured in the
1980’s. This radio series was a crystal controlled analog radio system
capable of wideband (25 KHz) operation. Although systems are still in
operation throughout North America, this series of radio modules was
discontinued in the 1990’s and is no longer supported.
MT-3
The MT-3 series of radio modules were originally manufactured in
the early 1990’s. This radio series was available with both crystal
controlled and synthesized analog radio modules capable of wideband
(25 KHz) or narrowband (12.5 KHz) operation. The MT-3 radio series
is manufactured and sold for use throughout North America and the
world. The crystal products have been discontinued.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

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MT-4
The MT-4 series of radio modules entered production during 2001.
This radio series is the P25 compliant digital narrowband radio
system, capable of analog (wideband and narrowband) or P25 digital
operation.
Daniels Electronics is committed to continually improving and
enhancing our product line. As the MT-4 P25 products evolve, the
hardware, firmware and software of the radio modules change. In order
to define these changes, the MT-4 product line is further described
as:
MT-4R
The MT-4R series of P25 radios were manufactured from 2001 until
the end of 2003.
MT-4D
The MT-4D series of P25 radios are the current line of P25 modules.
MT-4E
The MT-4E series is a future generation of P25 modules.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MT-4 SERIES
MODULES
The MT-4R and MT-4D modules are basically identical in operation, with
some advancements taking place in the RSS software programming
for the MT-4D (such as the ability to software program the squelch tail
on/off and timer). The only significant difference between the MT-4R
and MT-4D is in the transmitter modules. The MT-4R transmitter was
not capable of being programmed for mixed mode operation. Mixed
mode is the ability for one transmitter channel to operate on either
analog or digital, based on the received signal. In order to simulate
mixed mode, the MT-4R transmitter was programmed with Bank A
as the analog channels and Bank B as the digital channels, and the
received signal simply switched between Bank A and B. The MT-4D is
capable of mixed mode, so Bank A and B can be programmed in either
analog or digital operation.
A P25 system can be comprised of both MT-4R and MT-4D modules.
For example; an MT-4R receiver and MT-4D transmitter can be used
to create a repeater, or an MT-4D link pair can be added to an MT-4R
repeater.

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REPEATER AND BASE MODULES
Daniels MT-4 product line is separated into base and repeater modules.
There is different hardware, firmware and software for the base and
repeater modules. MT-4R modules are all repeater modules, so no
distinction between base and repeater is made. MT-4D modules
are referred to as either MT-4D Repeater modules or MT-4D Base
modules.
The MT-4D Repeater modules are capable of being connected in
a repeater configuration or a base station configuration with no
encrypting / decrypting capability (clear mode). MT-4D Base modules
must be used when encryption capability (secure mode) in a base
station configuration is required. MT-4D Base modules have limited
repeat capability using analog audio paths. The analog audio repeat
path does not pass all digital information through the repeater (such
as NAC, TGID, encryption and data packets).
IDENTIFYING MT-4 MODEL NUMBERS
Being able to identify the series of MT-4 P25 module that you have is
critical for programming, and understanding capabilities and operation
of the equipment. The model number of the P25 receiver or transmitter
can be found on the bottom of the front panel of the receiver or
transmitter module as shown in Figure 1-1. Figure 1-2 and 1-3 show
the breakdown of the receiver and transmitter model numbers.
Figure 1-1: Model Number Location
FREQUENCY (MHz)
xxx.xxxx
MADE IN CANADA
P25 RECEIVER
NORM
SQ. DI SABLE
OFF
CNTL
BUS
A
B
AD
RF NI
MADE IN CANADA
Model # Code
MADE IN CANADA
DANIELS
ELECTRONICS LTD.
P25 TRANSMITTER
MADE IN CANADA
Model # Code
xxx.xxxx
CNTL
BUS
A
B
MIC RF OUT
AD
ANALOG
DIGITAL
OFF
KEY TX
NORM
MICMODE
FREQUENCY (MHz)
MADE IN CANADA
DANIELS
ELECTRONICS LTD.
Model Number

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Figure 1-2: Receiver Model Numbers
Figure 1-3: Transmitter Model Numbers
U R - 4 D 420 - R0 - 000
Bands:
V = VHF
U = UHF
Functional
Capabilities:
00 = Repeater (MT-4R only)
R0 = Repeater
B0 = Base, no encryption
B1 = Base, DES-OFB and AES encryption
MT-4 P25 RECEIVERS
EXAMPLE: UR-4D420-R0-000
MT-4 UHF P25 Receiver, MT-4D series, (406-430 MHz),
Repeater functionality, no added options
MT-4 Series:
R = MT-4R
D = MT-4D
E = MT-4E
Range Within Band:
VHF/150:
150 = 136 - 174 MHz
UHF/400:
420 = 406 - 430 MHz
460 = 450 - 470 MHz
Options:
000 = None (Standard)
V T - 4 D 160 - B0 - 8
Bands:
V = VHF
U = UHF
Functional
Capabilities:
00 = Repeater (MT-4R only)
R0 = Repeater
B0 = Base, no encryption
B1 = Base, DES-OFB and AES encryption
MT-4 P25 TRANSMITTERS
EXAMPLE: VT-4D160-B0-800
MT-4 VHF P25 Transmitter, MT-4D series, (150-174 MHz),
Base functionality (no encryption), 8 Watts, no added options
MT-4 Series:
R = MT-4R
D = MT-4D
E = MT-4E
Range Within Band:
VHF/150:
140 = 136 - 150 MHz
160 = 150 - 174 MHz
UHF/400:
420 = 406 - 430 MHz
460 = 450 - 470 MHz
Options:
00 = None (Standard)
RF Power
Output:
2 = 2 Watts
8 = 8 Watts
00

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HARDWARE, FIRMWARE AND
SOFTWARE DEFINITIONS
Hardware
The hardware is the radio module itself. Daniels P25 Receiver module
hardware is comprised of a front end filter, an RF board (comprised
of a local oscillator, mixer and demodulator), and DSP and controller
boards and audio circuitry. Daniels P25 Transmitter module hardware
is comprised of the audio circuitry, DSP and controller boards, RF
board (modulator), and RF amplifier. The hardware for the different
MT-4 series is slightly different, using different chipsets in the MT-4R,
MT-4D and MT-4E series, as well as differences for base and repeater
modules.
Firmware
The firmware is the programming that is contained within the radio
module. The firmware resides within the DSP and controller boards
and is programmed at the Daniels factory. The RSS programming
software can read the firmware version number of MT-4D and MT-4E
modules. The RSS programming software for the MT-4R modules is
not capable of reading the firmware version.
Software
The Radio Service Software or RSS is used to program features and
options. The RSS programs RF frequencies, modes of operation
(analog, digital or mixed mode), CTCSS, NAC codes, etc. The RSS
connects to a radio module using an adapter between the serial port
on a computer and the RJ45 interface on the front panel of the radio
module. There are different RSS versions for the different series of
modules as well as for base and repeater modules.
AVAILABLE FREQUENCY BANDS
Daniels Electronics currently manufactures P25 radio systems in the
VHF (132– 174 MHz) and UHF (406 – 430 MHz and 450 – 470 MHz)
frequency bands. Future production in other frequency bands is being
investigated.

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CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL INFORMATION
FRONT PANEL RJ45 CONNECTOR
JACKS
Daniels P25 Radio Equipment uses RJ45 jacks on the Receiver,
Transmitter and controller cards. These jacks have several different
uses, depending on the model series and configuration of the
equipment. The receivers and transmitters each have two separate
jacks that are connected in parallel to signal lines inside of the module.
The jacks are labeled A and B and are identical.
On the MT-4R and MT-4D Repeater modules, the jacks are used
to connect the Receiver to the controller and the controller to the
Transmitter through RJ45 interconnection cables. The interconnection
cables carry Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) serial data
as well as analog and digital COR and PTT signals. The RJ45
interconnection cables are specific to Daniels Electronics equipment.
Do not use Ethernet or other manufacturers cables.
On the MT-4D Base modules, the jacks are used to connect to a
Motorola®KVL3000 or KVL3000 PLUS key loader, to load encryption
keys in the Receiver and Transmitter encryption modules. This
connection uses a custom Daniels cable from the key loader to our
radio.
On all Receiver and Transmitter modules, the RJ45 jacks are also
used to connect the Daniels RSS programming software. Daniels
custom Radio Programming Interface Module (RPIM) allows the serial
port of a computer to communicate with the receiver or transmitter for
RSS programming.

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LVDS SERIAL DATA
Daniels MT-4R and MT-4D Repeater modules use Low Voltage
Differential Signaling (LVDS) serial data to communicate between
receiver, controller and transmitter modules. MT-4D Base modules
do not use LVDS serial data.
A conventional analog repeater uses analog audio to communicate
between the different modules. Daniels P25 radio systems use serial
data between modules to allow for a completely transparent digital
path between the modules. This means that all digital information is
passed through the repeater system quickly and completely intact.
When a Daniels P25 Receiver receives a P25 digital transmission, the
receiver creates an LVDS serial data stream that contains the same
information as the Common Air Interface (with some overhead data).
When a Daniels P25 Receiver receives an analog transmission, the
receiver produces a serial data stream of the analog information. The
incoming frequency and deviation is converted to serial data through
an A/D converter. The transmitter uses this information to recreate the
P25 digital or analog transmission.
DANIELS P25 DATA PACKET REPEATING
(OTAR, GPS, ETC.)
The P25 Common Air Interface (over the air signalling) supports
Voice Messages and Data Packet Units (confirmed or unconfirmed
data messages). Data Packet Units support Over The Air Rekeying
(for encrypted systems), GPS position information, and other data
applications.
Daniels P25 MT-4D repeater modules are capable of repeating the
P25 Data Packet Units. The MT-4D receiver and transmitter modules
must have firmware version 2.0 or higher to properly repeat Data
Packet Units. MT-4R modules are not capable of repeating Data
Packet Units.

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MIXED MODE OPERATION
Mixed mode operation is used to allow the receivers and transmitters
to work in either analog or P25 digital mode without reprogramming
the radio.
A mixed mode receiver will receive the incoming FM or C4FM
transmission and will automatically detect and demodulate the signal
to an analog or P25 digital signal. The receiver will then output either
an analog or digital COR signal, as well as the appropriate serial data.
A mixed mode transmitter will accept the incoming serial data and
analog or digital PTT and will modulate the signal as either FM or
C4FM, based on its input. This allows the repeater to repeat both
analog and P25 digital signals.
The MT-4R and earlier MT-4D modules mixed mode response times
are slightly delayed compared to analog only mode or P25 digital only
mode. MT-4D modules with firmware version 2.0 or higher now have
the same response times in mixed mode as in analog only mode or
P25 digital only mode.
UPGRADING FIRMWARE VERSIONS
Daniels MT-4R and MT-4D modules must be returned to the factory
for firmware upgrades.
The last firmware version for MT-4R modules is Version 3.3 for the
Transmitter and Version 3.7 for the Receiver. Previous firmware
versions can be returned to the factory for upgrade.
MT-4E modules will be field firmware upgradeable (using a
programming cable and interface module).
Table 2-1 shows the firmware versions for MT-4 modules.

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Table 2-1: Firmware Versions
MT-4R Receiver
Version Description / Notes
Earlier than 3.3 Return to factory for upgrade
3.3 Last Release
MT-4R Transmitter
Version Description / Notes
Earlier than 3.7 Return to factory for upgrade
3.7 Last Release
MT-4D Receiver (Repeater)
Version Description / Notes
1.0 Initial Product Release
1.1 Minor factory bug fixes
2.0 Faster COR Response Time
Capable of passing data packet units intact (OTAR, etc.)
2.1 Modification to speed up CI-RC-4M Response time
MT-4D Transmitter (Repeater)
Version Description / Notes
1.0 Initial Product Release
1.1 Transmit LED bug fix (LED was slow to light)
1.2 Transmitter Lock-Up bug fixed (Tx locks when keyed while
powering up)
2.0 Faster PTT Response Time
Capable of passing data packet units intact (OTAR, etc.)
2.1 Bug fix for hardware problem in new circuit board revision
2.2 Modification to speed up CI-RC-4M Response time
MT-4D Receiver (Base)
Version Description / Notes
1.0 Initial Product Release
1.1 Faster COR Response Time
Bug fixes for squelch override, and secure/clear output
Analog / Digital audio levels equalized
MT-4D Transmitter (Base)
Version Description / Notes
1.0 Initial Product Release (Beta version)
1.1 Initial Product Release
(Faster PTT Response Time than Beta)
1.2 Secure/clear output bug fix

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REPEATING DIGITAL SIGNALS
A P25 digital signal is received and retransmitted by the repeater
completely intact. The digital codes such as TGID, Source ID,
Destination ID, Algorithm ID, Key ID, etc. all pass transparently through
the repeater system.
The TGID and Unit ID programmed into the transmitter are normally
overwritten with the incoming TGID and Source ID when the transmitter
is used in a repeater. The TGID and Unit ID are only transmitted when
the transmitter is keyed in a non-repeater mode (no input from the
receiver) or in a repeating mode using the analog audio repeat path
(where all digital information is stripped off from the receiver). A non-
repeater mode would include keying by the front panel microphone or
base station keying (from a tone remote, etc.).
The Network Access Code (NAC) does not normally pass transparently
through the repeater. NAC codes are similar to analog CTCSS tones.
The NAC is typically programmed into the receiver and transmitter
independently, allowing the user to program different receive and
transmit NAC codes. To pass the NAC code through the repeater
transparently, program the receiver with the special NAC code $F7F.
This will allow any incoming NAC code to unsquelch the receiver and
will overwrite the NAC code programmed into the transmitter with the
incoming NAC code, allowing transparent operation.
Status Symbols are not passed through the repeater transparently.
Status Symbols are changed by the repeater to indicate inbound
channel status (busy). In Base Station mode the Status Symbols are
set to show unknown status of the inbound channel. Status Symbols
are not programmable.
Talk Groups are used in subscriber units, and a repeater could also be
programmed as part of a Talk Group. The receiver is programmed to
unsquelch on a specific NAC and TGID.
If the receiver is programmed for use in a Talk Group, the NAC code
of that receiver must not be set to $F7E or $F7F, as the NAC code
unsquelch will take precedence over the TGID and the receiver will
unsquelch on any incoming NAC code (ignoring the TGID programmed
setting).
Encrypted (AES or DES-OFB) voice signals will pass transparently
through the repeater. Since the signal is encrypted, the analog audio
output from the receiver will be “garbled”. The System Monitor speaker
can be used to monitor the audio output; but the encrypted signal will
be unintelligible.
For a more detailed explanation of the P25 protocol, signaling and
terminology, please see Daniels P25 Training Guide.

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