Drawmer Masterflow DC2476 User manual

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DC2476
DIGITAL MASTERING PROCESSOR
COPYRIGHT
Thismanualiscopyrighted82001 by Drawmer Electronics, Ltd. With all rights reserved. Under copyright laws, no part of this publication
maybe reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any languageinanyformbyanymeans, mechanical, opti-
cal,electronic,recording,or otherwise, without the written permission of Drawmer Electronics Ltd

2
ONE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
Drawmer Electronics Ltd., warrants the Drawmer DC2476 Dig-
ital audio processor to conform substantially to the specifica-
tions of this manual for a period of one year from the original
date of purchase when used in accordance with the specifica-
tions detailed in this manual. In the case of a valid warranty
claim, your sole and exclusive remedy and Drawmer’s entire li-
abilityunder any theoryofliabilitywill be to,atDrawmer=sdiscre-
tion,repair or replace theproductwithoutcharge, or,if not possi-
ble,torefund thepurchase pricetoyou.Thiswarrantyisnottrans-
ferable.It applies only to the original purchaser of the product.
For warranty service please call your local Drawmer dealer.
Alternatively call Drawmer Electronics Ltd. at +44 (0)1709
527574. Then ship the defective product, with transportation
and insurance charges pre-paid, to Drawmer Electronics Ltd.,
Coleman Street, Parkgate, Rotherham, S62 6EL UK. Write the
RA number in large letters in a prominent position on the ship-
pingbox. Enclose your name,address,telephonenumber,copy
of the original sales invoice and a detailed description of the
problem.Drawmerwillnotacceptresponsibility for loss or dam-
age during transit.
This warranty is void if the product has been damaged by mis-
use, modification or unauthorised repair.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL WARRANTIES,
WHETHERORALORWRITTEN, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED OR
STATUTORY. DRAWMER MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY
EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR-
POSE,ORNON-INFRINGEMENT.PURCHASER’S SOLEAND
EXCLUSIVEREMEDY UNDER THIS WARRANTYSHALL BE
REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN.
IN NO EVENT WILL DRAWMER ELECTRONICS LTD. BE LI-
ABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY
DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS,
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY, AND, TO THE EXTENT PERMIT-
TED BY LAW, DAMAGE FOR PERSONAL INJURY, EVEN IF
DRAWMER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
Some states and specific countries do not allow the exclusion
of implied warranties or limitations on how long an implied war-
ranty may last, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have
additional rights that vary from state to state, and country to
country.
In the interests of product development, Drawmer reserve the right to modify or improve specifications of
this product at any time, without prior notice.

3
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Radio Frequencies Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 1 - DC2476 Digital Mastering Processor
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Audio Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Installation Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Installation and Connection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 2 - DC2476 Navigation
Finding your way around. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Effects Screen Navigation Map . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 3 - Control Key Overview
Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Control Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LED Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Chain/ Param . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
FX Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
FX Solo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 4 - Basic Effects
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Dynamic Equaliser and Full Band Compressor . . . . . . . . . 26
Equaliser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bootstrap Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Limiter and Stereo Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Band Tube Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Cross-Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 5 - Operation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Chapter 6 - Information
Preset Factory Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Midi Control Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Chapter 7 - General Information
If a fault develops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Contacting Drawmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 8 - DC2476 Data
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Block Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CONTENTS

4
DRAWMER DC2476
DIGITAL MASTERING PROCESSOR
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
CAUTION - MAINS FUSE
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE REPLACE THE MAINS FUSE
ONLY WITH A FUSE THAT CONFORMS TO IEC 127-2.
250 VOLT WORKING, TIME DELAY TYPE AND BODY
SIZE OF 20mm x 5mm.
THEMAINS INPUT FUSE MUST BE RATEDAT T500mA.
CAUTION - MAINS CABLE
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CHANGE OR TAMPER WITH THE SUP-
PLIED MAINS CABLE.
CAUTION - SERVICING
DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING. REFER ALL SERVICING
TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
WARNING
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO
NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
For the USA
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION RADIO FREQUENCY IN-
TERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
inaresidentialinstallation.Thisequipmentgenerates,usesandcanradiate
radiofrequencyenergyand,ifnotinstalledandusedinaccordancewiththe
instructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradio communications. How-
ever, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television
reception,which can be determined by turning theequipment off anon,then
the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
thefollowing measures:
Re-orientor relocate thereceivingantenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Unauthorised changes or modification to this system can void the users=
authority to operate this equipment.
This equipment requires shielded interface cables in order to meet FCC
class B limit.
For Canada
CLASS B NOTICE
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian
Department of Communications.
CLASSE B AVIS
CetappareilnumériquenedépassepasleslimitesdelaclasseBauniveau
desémissions debruits radioélectriquesfixés dans leRèglement dessignaux
parasites par le ministère Canadien des Communications.

5
CHAPTER 1
DRAWMER DC2476 DIGITAL
MASTERING PROCESSOR
INTRODUCTION
The Drawmer DC2476 is an extremely sophisticated, all-digital stereo
mastering processor designed for use in demanding recording and
broadcast applications. Both analogue (balanced XLR) and digital (AES/
EBU and S/PDIF) I/O is provided as standard. The audio converters are
24-bit and the digital output can be either 16, 18, 20 or 24-bit at sample
rates of up to 96kHz. Noise shaped dithering is included and Word Clock
input and output is available. A new feature is Output Trim which sets the
maximumlevelthat output can reach, even in bypass, making the DC2476
easierto use in a broadcast environment.
Designed to be extremely easy and intuitive to use, the Drawmer DC2476
comprises a stage of dynamic equalisation, also incorporating full-band
compression(the DQ stage), followed by a five-band equaliser modelled on
the response of classic analogue filters. The signal is then split into three
user definable bands where it is routed via a three-band expander, a three-
band compressor, a three-band limiter and a three-band modelled tube
saturation stage. The three bands are then recombined before being fed to
the output stage via a fader system that can be used to generate precise
fade-insand fade-outs of user definablelength.The output stage itself offers
a number of dither options.
Although a wide range of manual control is provided, an automated gain
management system is used in addition to 'Programme Adaptive' time
constant management in the compressor and expander stages. The
automatic gain management monitors the signal level at critical points
throughout the signal chain and automatically reduces levels in situations
when overloads would otherwise occur. This makes the Drawmer DC2476
impossible to overload. Another key feature is the use of a 'Bootstrap'
compressor.Conventionalcompressorsreduce thelevelof audiopeaks,which
means make-up gain has to be applied to restore the same peak level. The
DrawmerDC2476 worksthe other wayaround by insteadincreasing thelevel
ofquieter signals and leaving the peak levelsattheir original values.
Thismakes setting up far more intuitive when adjusting the individual bands
of a multi-band compressor and also avoids the necessity to juggle the
make-up gain control settings.
Why 96kHz?
Digitalprocessing has untilnow been confined to48kHz sampling frequency.
In order to achieve the required bandwidth for professional audio, a very
severe low pass filter at 23kHz is required to separate analogue signal
frequenciesfrom theclock frequencyotherwise unpleasantaliasingwill occur.
This requires the use of a FIR digital filter which is part of the A/D and D/A
converters. Unfortunately thesefilters cause whatis known as >timesmear=,
where short transients are smeared over a longer time period giving loss of
HF detail. At 96kHz sample frequency, the low pass filter is less severe and
at twice the frequency, so time smear is considerably reduced.
A second important consideration is the increased audio bandwidth up to
40kHz. This allows harmonics which extend above human hearing to be
generated and preserved. These harmonics, although not audible
themselves, make a contribution to the sound quality.
Finally, the user interface has been designed tomakethe Drawmer DC2476
as simple to operate as possible. In fact, once you’ve got used to using the
cursor buttons, the Adjust knob and the Adjust knob push switch to move
aroundthe various screensand their parameters,operationis almost entirely
intuitive. Custom graphics are used wherever possible to monitor the
processorfunctionandits adjustmentswhile frontpanel LEDbargraph meters
constantlymonitor the input and output signal levels, limiter activity,plusthe
amountof gain reductionbeingapplied in eachofthe three frequency bands.

6
AUDIO CONNECTIONS
Analogue Inputs
Theinputs and outputs totheDC2476 are electronically balancedand would
normally be connected to your system via a patchbay. Should unbalanced
operation be required, simply ground pin 3 on the XLR connectors.
If earth loop hum problems are encountered, do not disconnect the mains
earth but instead, try disconnecting one end of the signal screen on the
cables connecting the DC2476 to the patchbay. If such measures are
necessary, balanced operation is recommended.
AES/EBU
Is via an XLR connector designed to be used with standard balanced
microphone cable (20 metres maximum), wired pin 1 screen, pin 2 and 3
balanced data, and the XLR shell connected to the chassis. Having many
short cables joined together is not advisable as each connector can cause
undesirable signal reflections.
The output socket fully conforms to the EMC standards; if the unit is to be
used where it may be exposed to high levels of disturbance, such as found
close to a TV or radio transmitter, it is suggested that the screen of the data
cable be connected to the chassis connection on the XLR type connector
rather than to pin 1.
Ifgroundloopproblems areencountered, neverdisconnect themains ground,
but instead, try disconnecting the signal screen on one end of each cable
connecting the outputs.
S/PDIF
Is via a high quality RCA type phono jack where the data conforms to the
SonyJPhillipsJDigital InterFace format. Because this connector only
provides an unbalanced termination, the recommended maximum length
for this cable is 3 metres, even with very high quality cable.
Word Clock
For external clock synchronisation or when the DC2476 is providing the
clock to another source, this is carried out via the 50ΩBNC connector.
Midi
Whenwiring toanother pieceof equipmentviathe Midisockets itis necessary
to use a Standard 3-Wire Midi cable and not the five wire Midiplus type.
INSTALLATION PRECAUTIONS
Should a fuse blow, replace it only with the same type and value as the one
fitted.
When installing the DC2476, ensure that it is allowed sufficient ventilation
andavoid mounting it nexttoexcessively hot pieces ofequipmentor devices
emitting a strong magnetic field such as is often the case with power
amplifiers. If the unit is to be used in a mobile situation, it is strongly
recommended that the rear of the unit is supported in the carrying rack to
avoid bending the front panel rack mounting ‘ears’.
Shouldthe unitrequire cleaning,usea dampcloth withalittle liquiddetergent;
do not use thinners or spirit cleaners as these may attack the finish.

7
INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION GUIDE

8
GETTING STARTED
Analogue input.
Connect Left and Right input signals via the analogue XLR sockets. The
rear panel push switch selects between maximum input levels of +7dBu
and +21dBu. This is the level at which the internal analogue electronics will
clip, causing distortion, and corresponds to normal -10 and +4dB operating
levels.
The best noise performance is obtained when the peaks of the input signal
are just below the selected maximum level. This can be viewed on the input
signal meters.
Avoid signal peaks lighting the RED LEDs, since this indicates possible
clipping.
The input page allows up to 18dB digital gain to be applied to lower level
input signals (see Basic Effects).
Navigation.
We recommend that you take a little time to look at the navigation diagram
and screen descriptions so that you are aware of what everything means,
although in most cases this will be obvious.
Also take a look at the block diagram which describes the signal path.
Quick Start.
The easiest way to get started is to select one of the 50 factory patches.
To do this,pressPATCH, thengoto LOAD usingtheLeft/Right scroll buttons.
Select
“READY TO LOAD”
then turn the knob to select a patch, then push
the knob to load the patch.
All internal controls will slide to their new values almost instantly, allowing
instant comparisons to be made.
Basic Guide.
Although it is not possible to drive the DC2476 into clipping (because of the
automaticgain management system), it is still possible to produce a subjec-
tively bad sound by grossly overprocessing the signal. The individual proc-
essor blocks all provide a very wide range of control as you may, on occa-
sion, need to use only one block to achieve a specific result. However, if
severalblocks are combined where ahigh level of processing istakingplace
in each one, the end result is likely to be seriously overprocessed.
Forexample, using large amounts of compression followed by highlevelsof
Tube Drive can sound excessive. It’s also worth noting that the equaliser
behaves more like an analogue equaliser than some other digital EQs you
mayhave tried. It’snotuncommonfor digital equalisers to require very large
amountsof cut or boost to achieve the desired subjective result, but with the
DC2476, you’ll find that even very subtle changes of EQ level have an audi-
ble effect, just as in the best analogue equalisers.

9
CHAPTER 2
DC2476 NAVIGATION
FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND
Despite its high degree of sophistication, the DC2476 has been provided
witha friendly andintuitive operating systemwhichuses the samenavigation
method for all the effect screens.
To make the effect screens easier to follow and because there are so many
parameters attributed to all the different Effects, these have been arranged
sothat, where possible, they represent the layout of an equivalent analogue
device.
Oncethe appropriate Patch, Effects or Global sectionshavebeenselected,
navigationis accomplished by usingthe four arrowed cursorkeys,the Adjust
knob (which includes an integral push switch) and the Chain/Parameter
button. In Chain mode, the Left/Right cursor buttons are used to select the
effect block to be edited, after which the button may be pressed again to
toggle into Parameter mode. Where an effects block has more than one
screen, the Up/Down cursors are used to scroll around them. A ‘C’ or ‘P’
icon in the top left corner of the display window indicates whether the unit is
currentlyin Chain or Parameter mode.
In order to reduce the number of key presses required, all the features are
designed to work using a scroll around method.
Therefore, to step from Page 1 to Page 3 and from Page 3 to Page 1 only
one key press is required.
(Up or Down Cursor)
Similarly, to move from the far left hand side to the far right hand side or
reverse on the Chain or Param feature only one key press is required.
(Left or Right Cursor)
A common operation sequence is used to select and change parameters
within the DC2476 which is both straightforward and intuitive:
The example demonstrates how straight forward the operating system
has been designed to work.
To adjust the Mid band in the Attack of the Expander page.
Step 1.
From the Input page, press the Chain/Param button to ensure that the
Chain icon is visible.
Step 2.
Press the Right arrow on the Rocker until it has moved across to the
Expander page.
Step 3.
Now press the Chain/Param button to ensure that the Param icon is
visible.
Press the left or right rocker on the unit to move around the
parameters within the screen. i.e. THR, RAT etc.
Move across to ATTACK (ATT)
Step 4.
Pressthe control knob to toggle between the differentparameters on the left
hand side of the screen. (In this case Full, Low, Mid and High).
Press the control knob until the Mid function is highlighted.
Rotatethe controlknob toeitherdecrease orincrease thelevelto therequired
value.
Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4.

10
SCREEN NAVIGATION MAP
The Effects Screens
The Global Screens

11

12
CHAPTER 3
CONTROL KEY OVERVIEW.
PATCH MENU
SOURCE
Thissection enables the userto select the internalRAM,the optional S-RAM
card or the Factory patches. In addition, effect blocks may be loaded from
existing patches and copied into the patch being edited. As delivered, the
unitcontains 50 preset factory patches that cannot be overwritten as well as
128memory locations into which user patches maybestored for later use. If
the S-RAM card is fitted, a further 128 patches may be stored.
LOAD FROM INTERNAL MEMORY
Enables patches to be loaded from the selected factory or user memory.
To load a patch, proceed as follows:
PressPatch toenter thePatchload/save window.Withthe Chain/Parambutton
set to Chain (C), use the left/right cursor buttons to select Load from RAM or
Load from Card. The options are displayed along the top of the screen.
If the desired bank of patches is being displayed (ie User or Factory), and
Source is selected in the bottom row, use the Adjust knob to select the patch
for loading, then press the Adjust knob to load the chosen patch. As the patch
is loaded, the parameter settings within the various blocks are ‘morphed’ to
their new values so there are no gaps or glitches, even when patches are
changedwhile audio is playing.
To change fromUser toFactorybank, pressChain/Param so that‘P’ is showing
in the top left hand corner of the display, then press the Adjust knob to toggle
between the Factory and user banks.
In this mode, it is also possible to select between Source, Block and Ready to
Loadon the bottomrow of the display,again usingthe Left right cursorbuttons.
When Block is selected, an underscore appears beneath one of the blocks in
thesignal chain block diagram. Pressing the Adjustknobloads this block from
the selected patch and loads it into the patch currently running.
SAVE
Enables newly created patches to be saved to either the user memories or
to the optional S-RAM card. Newly created patches may be named with up
to 16 letters.
To save the patch currently running on themachine,select‘Save to RAM’ or
‘Save to Card” as required using the Left/Right cursor keys (C mode). Next,
select the patch location in which the current patch will be saved using the
left/right cursor buttons (P mode).
Before saving the patch, it should be named by advancing the cursor to
Text. Here the Adjust knob is used to scroll through the character set while
pressingAdjust enters the currently selected letter and moves onto the next
position. If a mistake is made, selecting Cursor Position enables the cursor
to be moved back to previously entered characters.
Once the patch has been named, advancing the cursor to Ready to Save
and pressing Adjust completes the process. During saving, a warning
messageis shown reminding theusernot to switch offthe poweruntil saving
iscomplete. Note that saving over an existing patch takes a little longer as a
certain amount of software housekeeping takes place.
Loading and saving data to the optional card follows the same procedure,
exceptthat the card is selected as the patch source or destination. The card
must not be write protected if patch saving is required.

13
PATCH - LOAD FROM INTERNAL MEMORY
PATCH - SAVE TO INTERNAL MEMORY
Showsthe selected page function.
Show a selection of patches.
Allows the user to select either
Factory or User Patches.
Press the knob to toggle between
Fact
and
User.
Rotate the control knob to scroll
throughaselection of patches.
Push to load.
Allows a particular block from a
patch to be loaded.
Shows the selected page function.
Press to save the Patch.
Allows the user to scroll through
the patch names.
Allows the name to be edited.
Allows the Patch name to be
inserted.
Rotate the knob to select a letter
from the keypad - push to select.
Showsthecurrently loaded patch.
“F:” shows the source of the last
patchloaded:
C = Card ; F = Factory ; U = User
Arrowmarks currently loaded patch.
See page 34 for Factory Preset
namesanddescriptions

14
PATCH - TOOLS
When Pv is selected (using the
Chain/Param button).
Use the Left or Right button
to move between “
MEMORY
PROTECTED”,“OFF/ON”
“FORMATCARD”
and
“READY”.
When “
READY
” is highlighted press
knob to format the card.
Showsthe selected page function.
When“
Off
”is highlighted press knob
totoggle between OFF/ON.
“WriteProtect: ON” is also displayed
on the “
saveto card
”page.

15
PATCH - LOAD FROM CARD
PATCH - SAVE TO CARD
Shows the selected page function.
Shows the selected patch.
Allows a particular block from a
patch to be loaded.
i.eload EQ and TubeDrive only.
Rotate the control knob to scroll
throughaselection of patches.
Push to load.
PresstosavethePatchwhenselected
Lets the user scroll through the
patch names.
Allows the name to be edited.
AllowsthePatch nameto beinserted.
Text is selected form the Character
Set.
Shows the card status.
Show a selection of patches.
Showsthecurrently loaded patch.
“C:” shows the source of the last
patch:
C = Card ; F = Factory ; U = User
Arrow shows currently selected
patch.
Shows the selected page function.
Use knob to select cursor position,
then go back to text to select new
letter.

16
GLOBAL MENU
The Global menu has six sections: Dig I/O, External Clock (XCLK), Word
Lengthand Dither (OUT), Misc, MidiandSine wave generator (SINE).
DIG I/O
Dig I/O enables the user to select either the analogue or digital input (both
analogue and digital outputs are always active) and the digital input format
(AES/EBU or S/PDIF with or without external wordclock sync). Ext sync
options should only be selected whenever a wordclock input is present. If
Ext is not selected, the system synchronises to the clock subcode of the
incoming data stream.
Theleft hand side of the screen allows the inputanaloguesample rate to be
set between 32kHz and 96kHz, though there’s also an external mode for
usewith external word clocksources.The analogue input is alwayssampled
at24-bitstomaintainmaximumdigitalheadroomandresolutionthroughout
theprocessing chain.
Note:
If a digital input has been selected but no
digital devise is connected to the unit then
the sample rate leds will flash (see diagram) .
The right hand side of the screen allows
the output sample rate to be set between
32kHzand96kH
XCLK.
ThispageallowstheExternalClockonthe rear of the unit to be set to either
the input or output sample rate as set on the DIGIO page.
OUT - Dither and Noise Shaping
Wherenecessary,noise shapeddither can be appliedtoreduce the bitdepth
whilemaintaining the maximum possible dynamicrange.Itallows the output
bit-depth to be set (24, 20, 18 or 16-bit) and the output dither strength and
shapetobechosen. Thefour Shapewindows signify thearea ofthe spectrum
into which dither noise is shifted while the boxes to the left enable the dither
levelto besetto High, Medium,Low or Off.The best ditheroptionis generally
bestarrivedat bycritical listening,though asuggested startingpoint isMedium
leveland a Gentle Slope. ( White Noise Dither).
Only white noise dither is available at 88.2kHz and 96kHz sample rates.
MISC
TheMiscellaneouspageprovidesaccesstothescreencontrasttoallow for
awide range of viewing angles.
MIDI
Patchchangescan be made via “MIDI”,
seepage17,
to select midi channel
andpatch source.
SINE
Newtothe DC2476isthe sinewavegenerator,usedasan aidwhencalibrating
yourrecording studio equipment.
Position Dither and Noise Shaping
422Khz of Dither applied to the signal
315Khz of Dither applied to the signal
212Khz of Dither applied to the signal
1White Noise dither applied to the signal

17
GLOBAL - DIGIO
The selected sample rate is shown
on the screen in a blackened box.
Rotate the control knob to the
required input signal. Push the
control knob to select the function.
When the Output SRate is being
adjustedthe previous valueis shown
ina black box andtheselected value
isin a clearbox. When thenewvalue
has been selected, the old value is
clearedandthenewboxisblackened.
When Pv is selected (using the
Chain/Param button).
Use the Left or Right button
to select either the Analogue In
SRate, Digital In/Clk or the Output
SRate.
Displaystheclockfrequencyforeither
digitalor analogue.
Push the knob to select either the
input or output sample rate.
GLOBAL - EXTERNAL CLOCK
If a digital input has been selected
butnodigitaldeviseisconnectedthen
the sample rate leds flash.
This page allows the External Clock
on the rear of the unit to be set to
eithertheinput oroutput samplerates
as set on the DIGIO page.
When the OP sample rate is set to
<ASI/P> (as input) the digital output
will be at the same rate as the input
sample rate or if an EXT is selected
anda wordclocksourceis connected
to the wordclock input BNC, the dig-
ital outputs will be at this external
word clock sample rate.

18
When Pv is selected (using the
Chain/Parambutton).
Rotate the knob to adjust
the display contrast to
suit ambient lighting.
GLOBAL - OUT
GLOBAL - MISC
Rotate the knob to enter the selection.
Pushthe knob to select either Dither
Level, Shape , Word Length or OP
Trim..
White Noise Dither is shown here.
The “MED” shape is the preferred
settingfor general purpose.
OPTrim is the very last procedure in
theeffect chain.
! Note:
The OP TRIM sets an output level
which the DC2476 will never rise
above.
This also occurs when the unit is in
bypass mode - so as not to damage
sensitiveequipment.

19
The sine wave generator is only ac-
tivewhen on this page.
Rotatethe knob and push toactivate
atthe desired level.
GLOBAL - SINE
GLOBAL - MIDI
WhentheMIDIRXisselected.
Turningthe knob changes theMIDI
Receivechannel 1 - 16enabling
Patch changes to be made via a
MIDIdevice. Enables patches to be loaded from:
Factory Presets,
User Presets,
CardPresets,
when a midi programme change is
sent.
When Pv is selected (using the
Chain/Param button).
Use the Left or Right button
toselect either theMIDI RXCHAN
orthe PROG CHANGE LOADS. When selected push knob to toggle
ProgrammeChangeon/off.
When selected push knob to toggle
ContinuousControl on/off.
A1kHz tone is generated atthelevel
set.

20
CONTROL KEYS
The main controls keys are:
The UP key and the DOWN keys which
are used to scroll up or down through the display pages.
The LEFT key and the RIGHT key which are
used to move along either the CHAIN or the PARAMETER function,
depending on which has been selected by the Chain/Param button.
The Control knob is a dual purpose device which is used as a band selector
and also to adjust the parameter values.
The control knob is set so that the Band that needs adjusting is selected by
PUSHING the control knob to the required band. The value is set by
ROTATING the rotary control knob to the required value.
LED DISPLAY
Edited Patch
This is highlighted when the loaded Patch (User or Factory) has been
edited.
Midi Active
This will display only when the midi interface is in use.
Fade
The Fade will indicate that a Fade Up or a Fade Down is in progress. This
is set on the Output Page.
EXT. Clock
This shows that the DC2476 is being controlled from an External Clock
Source.
The External Sample Rate can be monitored by selecting the Misc page on
Global.
High Rate
When this LED is highlighted the Sample Rate is either 96.0K or 88.2K.
Low Rate
Indicates that the Sample Rate is 48.0K, 44.1K or 32.0K.
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