E3switch Wan monitor Owner's manual

DS3/E3 WAN Monitor with

Ethernet Output for HDLC/PPP

Applications V .4

September 14th, 2011

Operating Information

Legal Preface:

All other produ t names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their

respe tive ompanies.

LIMITED WARRANTY

E3Swit h LLC (E3Swit h) guarantees that every unit is free from physi al defe ts in material and

workmanship under normal use for one year from the date of pur hase, when used within the limits set forth

in the Spe ifi ations se tion of this User Guide. If the produ t proves defe tive during the warranty period,

onta t E3Swit h Te hni al Support in order to obtain a return authorization number. When returning a

produ t from outside of the United States of Ameri a, learly state “NOT A SALE. RETURNED FOR

REPAIR” on the ommer ial invoi e; and failing to do so, the ustomer will be responsible for imposed

duties and taxes. All ustomers are responsible for shipping and handling harges for returned items.

IN NO EVENT SHALL E3SWITCH'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT

FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) RESULTING FROM THE

USE OF THE PRODUCT OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF E3SWITCH HAS BEEN ADVISED

OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. E3Swit h

makes no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory, with respe t to its produ ts or the

ontents or use of this do umentation and spe ifi ally dis laims its quality, performan e, mer hantability, or

fitness for any parti ular purpose. E3Swit h reserves the right to revise or update its produ ts or

do umentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity. Please dire t all inquiries to:

E3Switch LLC

80 Coronado Ave

San Carlos, CA 94070

U.S.A.

http://www.ds3switch.com, support@ds3switch.com

TEL: +1-650-241-9941

FCC STATEMENT

This devi e omplies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subje t to the following two onditions:

1. This devi e may not ause harmful interferen e.

2. This devi e must a ept any interferen e re eived, in luding interferen e that may ause

undesired operation.

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to omply with the limits for a Class A digital devi e,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable prote tion against

harmful interferen e when the equipment is operated in a ommer ial environment. This equipment

generates, uses, and an radiate radio frequen y energy, and if it is not installed and used in a ordan e with

the instru tion manual, it may ause harmful interferen e to radio ommuni ations. Operation of this

equipment in a residential area is likely to ause harmful interferen e, in whi h ase the user will be

required to orre t the interferen e at his own expense.

INDUSTRY CANADA NOTICE

This digital apparatus does not ex eed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus

set out in the Radio Interferen e Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communi ations.

Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruits radioele triques depassant les limites appli ables aux

appareils numeriques de la lass A pres rites dans le Reglement sur le brouillage radioele trique edi te par

le ministere des Communi ations du Canada

EUROPEAN UNION (EU) STATEMENT

This produ t is in onformity with the prote tion requirements of EU Coun il Dire tive 89/336/EEC on the

approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to ele tromagneti ompatibility. The

manufa turer annot a ept responsibility for any failure to satisfy the prote tion requirements resulting

from a non-re ommended modifi ation of the produ t.

This produ t has been tested and found to omply with the limits for Class A Information Te hnology

Equipment a ording to CISPR 22/European Standard EN 55022. The limits for Class A equipment were

derived for ommer ial and industrial environments to provide reasonable prote tion against interferen e

with li ensed ommuni ation equipment.

Attention:

This is a Class A produ t. In a domesti environment this produ t may ause radio interferen e in whi h

ase the user may be required to take adequate measures.

International Ele trote hni al Commission (IEC) Statement

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION AND REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 2: QUICK SET-UP ................................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER 3: FRONT PANEL .................................................................................................................................. 8

FRONT PANEL INDICATORS ...............................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 4: REMOTE MANAGEMENT HTTP AND SNMP ..................................................................................... 8

UNIT'S IP/MAC ADDRESS ...............................................................................................................................8

Automati Link-Lo al IP Address.........................................................................................................9

Initial Numeri IP Address....................................................................................................................9

Unknown IP Address Re overy............................................................................................................9

MANAGEMENT PASSWORDS ...............................................................................................................................9

SECURITY .....................................................................................................................................................10

HTTP Interfa e Se urity.....................................................................................................................10

SNMP Se urity....................................................................................................................................10

HTTP MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................10

Event Log File.....................................................................................................................................11

Resetting..............................................................................................................................................11

SNMP ........................................................................................................................................................11

UPGRADING FIRMWARE ..................................................................................................................................11

FEATURE ACTIVATION/UPGRADE .....................................................................................................................11

CHAPTER : OPERATING MODES AND CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................ 12

TELECOM .....................................................................................................................................................12

Cir uit Clo k Speed............................................................................................................................12

DS3 Cir uit ID PMDL........................................................................................................................12

PORT TO PORT PACKET FLOW .........................................................................................................................12

LAN-to-LAN.......................................................................................................................................12

Loopba k.............................................................................................................................................12

LAN PORT SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................................12

LAN Port Speed..................................................................................................................................13

Autonegotiation Problems...................................................................................................................13

SFP Se ond LAN Port........................................................................................................................13

Dedi ated Management/Data LAN Ports............................................................................................13

VLAN ........................................................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER 6: INTEROPERABILITY ......................................................................................................................... 14

LAN ..........................................................................................................................................................14

Autonegotiation problems...................................................................................................................14

SFP LAN Port 1..................................................................................................................................14

Pause Frames.......................................................................................................................................14

TELECOM .....................................................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER 7: TELECOM CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................................. 1

FRAMING AND PHYSICAL LINK ........................................................................................................................15

TELECOM CABLING ........................................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER 8: LAN CONNECTIONS AND PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................... 1

LAN PORTS ................................................................................................................................................15

AUTONEGOTIATION ........................................................................................................................................15

LAN CABLING .............................................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER 9: LAN PACKET FORMAT FOR WAN DATA ENCAPSULATION .............................................................. 16

HEADER FORMAT FOR WAN DATA ENCAPSULATION .........................................................................................16

MTU ..........................................................................................................................................................16

TRANSPORT LAYER ........................................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER 10: TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................................................................................................... 16

GENERAL .....................................................................................................................................................16

PERFORMANCE ..............................................................................................................................................17

INTEROPERABILITY .........................................................................................................................................17

PINGING .......................................................................................................................................................17

STEP-BY-STEP DIAGNOSIS ..............................................................................................................................17

CHAPTER 11: THIRD PARTY COPYRIGHT NOTICES .............................................................................................. 18

ECOS LICENSE ..............................................................................................................................................18

THE FREEBSD COPYRIGHT ...........................................................................................................................18

THE NET-SNMP COPYRIGHT ........................................................................................................................18

THE APACHE LICENSE ...................................................................................................................................20

THE SHA2 COPYRIGHT .................................................................................................................................21

THE BZIP2 LICENSE ....................................................................................................................................21

THE ATHTTPD LICENSE ..............................................................................................................................21

CHAPTER 12: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ................................................................................. 22

Chapter 1: Des ription and Requirements

Chapter 1: Description and Re uirements

The E3Swit h WAN Monitor des ribed herein allows HDLC/PPP pa kets on a T3/DS3/E3 WAN to be

easily monitored/re orded via output to an Ethernet port. Inline apability alleviates the ne essity for

additional WAN tap-hardware. Dual WAN inputs allow monitoring of WAN traffi in ea h dire tion.

Fanless operation and extremely low part- ount design allows use with greater reliability and in harsh

environments. All units are ra k mountable. NEBS Level 3 multi ard hassis with redundant power are

available.

Single or dual LAN output is available in a variety of RJ45 or SFP opper or opti al formats at either

100Mbit or GbE/GigE rates depending upon software options pur hased. Jumbo 9600-byte frame size is

available. If pur hased, the se ond LAN port is available for out-of-band management. An appropriate

SFP trans eiver must be supplied if the se ond SFP LAN port is to be used.

Management fun tions in lude both omprehensive SNMP statisti s with link up/down and DS3 FEAC

notifi ations as well as one- li k HTTP, user-friendly, olor- oded monitoring of link operational status and

bit-error rate. Both HTTP and SNMP management of the Monitor is possible either in-band through the

same LAN port as data being re orded or out-of-band if the software option to enable the se ond LAN port

has been pur hased.

The WAN ir uit being monitored may ontain CRC-16/32 or no CRC en oding. The WAN ir uit may be

framed or unframed, but must ontain no T1/E1 hannels (un hannelized). X43 s ramble de oding is

available..

LAN output is typi ally sent to a re ording devi e. LAN pa ket format is spe ified by the user at the layer-

2 level. MAC header, VLAN, Ethertype, MPLS and pseudowire ontrol word are all manually spe ified in

the unit's onfiguration settings.

For ease of installation, the Monitor does not require a onfiguration setup and will typi ally work

immediately upon onne tion of LAN and tele om ables. Some modifi ation of default IP management

addresses or header output for data re ording would typi ally be desired.

The hot-swappable Monitor ard may be pur hased in standalone or multi- ard hassis and draws a minimal

6 watts of power. Standalone, single units ship in high-reliability, fan-free 1U hassis with ra kmount

bra kets and are available in a 100-240VAC or a ±35-75 volt DC models. NEBS-III, redundant-power

multi ard hassis are available in 6-slot/1U and 20-slot/3U versions.

Chapter 2: Quick Set-up

Atta h the WAN Monitor to a power sour e. The front panel lights should illuminate. Green is normal;

orange indi ates an error.

Depending upon the LAN options pur hased, HTTP/SNMP management of the unit may be through either

RJ-45 LAN Port 2 or through the SFP LAN port. Likewise, WAN data to be re orded may be output

through either LAN port. These LAN port assignments are found in the HTTP settings web s reen of the

unit. Typi ally, the default onfiguration has the RJ-45 port assigned to the data re ording devi e and the

management interfa e through the SFP port if pur hased or the same RJ-45 port if not.

Atta h an Ethernet UTP5 able from your LAN equipment to the desired LAN port. The Monitor an

perform automati MDIX ross-over vs. straight-through able adaptation. The monitor's LAN light will

hange from orange to green if a properly negotiated link has been established. The network equipment

attached to the LAN port of the Monitor should be set for autonegotiation mode in order to allow the

Monitor to negotiate a 100Mbit full-duplex connection. Disabling autonegotiation or using old LAN

Chapter 2: Qui k Set-up

equipment may result in the atta hed LAN equipment onfiguring to half-duplex mode, resulting in CRC

errors and pa ket loss. Refer to the interoperability se tion of this do ument for more information

Use only 75-ohm oaxial ables to atta h the WAN Monitor to the DS3/E3 ir uit. The monitor is atta hed

either inline with ea h WAN ir uit able or, alternatively, to a WAN tap. For inline use, the WAN able

in one dire tion should be atta hed to the “In” WAN Port 1 and ontinues to the remote lo ation via the

“Out” WAN Port 1. The other ir uit dire tion omes to the “In” WAN Port 2 from the remote lo ation,

and pro eeds via the “Out” WAN Port 2 to the the lo al equipment. For use with a WAN tap, the “Out”

ports are not utilized and may be left open.

On e the monitor is re eiving a valid TDM signal without alarms, the DS3/E3 Port LED will hange from

orange to green.

Refer to the management hapter of this manual if HTTP or SNMP operating statisti s are desired or to

hange the default administrator password or administrative onta t/lo ation information.

Further HTTP management of the monitor via LAN is required in the following situations:

●if using long (>68m) DS3 oaxial ables

●to set CRC and s rambling to mat h the WAN ir uit being monitored

●to hange the default administrator password. This is suggested, as onfiguration annot be

modified after 5 minutes of any power y le if the default password has not been hanged

●to hange the management IP address of the unit

●to set detailed LAN pa ket header format for pa kets from the WAN

There is no further onfiguration or setup required for the Monitor.

Chapter 3: Front Panel

Front Panel Indicators

All Indicators: Green indicates normal operation.

Orange indicates an error condition.

Black indicates a disabled port.

DS3/E3 1/2: Green if the unit is receiving a valid WAN signal with no alarm conditions.

Flashes black each time a packet is received on this port

Orange steady indicates loss of the incoming WAN AMI signal.

Flashes orange/green if incoming signal exists, but an alarm condition is being received.

BER: Green if OK.

Orange flash for each BPV bit error.

Orange steady for absence of DS3/E3 receive signal, loss of frame lock onto receive bit-stream,

drive-level fault on transmit cable, or excessive receive bit errors.

Note: In a dual DS3/E3 unit, the BER will reflect the status of the operational link if one fails.

LAN1/2: Green when a properly negotiated 100/1000BaseTX Full-Duplex or SFP LAN connection exists.

Flashes black each time a packet is received on this port.

Orange indicates no valid connection.

Chapter 4: Remote Management HTTP and SNMP

Monitors ontain both an HTTP management interfa e, whi h may be a essed via a web browser, and an

SNMPv2 agent through either LAN port (if se ond SFP LAN port has been pur hased/enabled)

Unit's IP/MAC Address

The sour e Ethernet MAC address of E3Swit h Monitors is 00:50:C2:6F:xx:xx. The Monitor's urrent IP

and MAC addresses are always both shown at the HTTP management s reen.

The Monitor's management interfa e an be initially onta ted at either its automati link-lo al IP address

e3swit h.lo al as des ribed below or at its initial numeri IP address des ribed below. Note that after initial

setup, an operator may have hanged the onta t IP address to a new value and the initial addresses below

may not work. Prior to operator re onfiguration the unit will respond to HTTP, SNMP and ping requests to

its initial IP address.

For initial ommuni ation with the Monitor, it may be ne essary to set the network address of the host port

ommuni ating with the Monitor to 169.254.xxx.xxx with subnet mask 255.255.0.0. Se urity proto ols

advise routers not to forward pa kets with these link-lo al IP addresses, so a dire t onne tion is advised.

On e initial onta t has been established with the HTTP management interfa e of the Monitor, the

Monitor's IP address an be set to a new, stati value if desired.

If a unit's operator- onfigured IP address is lost or forgotten, it an be re overed as des ribed later in this

hapter.

Chapter 4: Remote Management HTTP and SNMP

Other than the e3swit h.lo al addresses des ribed below, all IP addresses used within the Monitor's

management interfa e must be in xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx numeri format rather than a human-readable DNS-

resolvable hostname.

Automatic Link-Local IP Address

E3Swit h produ ts are shipped with an initial IP address that onforms to re ent zero- onfiguration link-

lo al standards. This allows multiple E3Swit h Monitors on the same IP network to initialize with unique

IP addresses without onfli t and allows simple ping/HTTP/SNMP a ess to the Monitors using hostnames

e3swit h.lo al or e3swit h-2.lo al,... provided that, free, ZeroConf mDNS software has been installed on

the ma hine attempting to ommuni ate with the Monitor. Do not prefix www. prior to e3swit h.lo al.

www.e3swit h.lo al will not work.

If multiple WAN Monitors are powered-up on a onne ted LAN, they will negotiate between themselves to

determine whi h is assigned name e3swit h.lo al and whi h re eives e3swit h-2.lo al and so on. Sin e the

assigned name will not ne essarily be fixed to a parti ular unit after power y les, the system manager will

probably want to use/set the monitor's numeri IP address sometime during or after initial installation.

Web des riptions are available for ZeroConf mDNS and Link-lo al IPV4LL ip addresses. Free ZeroConf

software su h as Bonjour for Windows or Avahi is available for Windows/Linux/Unix ma hines.

Initial Numeric IP Address

The Monitor an also be onta ted at its initial default IP numeri address whi h always takes the form

169.254.aa.bbb. Units typi ally have the initial IP address listed on top of the hassis or an be initially

onta ted at the IP address above where aa.bbb mat hes the serial number listed on the front label.

●

The Monitor's urrent IP and MAC addresses are both shown at the HTTP management s reen.

Unknown IP Address Recovery

The following methods may be used to determine a Monitor's IP address if lost or forgotten. Note that on e

determined, management ommuni ation with the unit may only be possible from a host onfigured to the

same IP subnet address if the unit's default router address is invalid.

To manually dis over a unit's IP address, unplug all LAN and BNC ables from the Monitor and power

y le the unit. 30 se onds after powerup, the Monitor will begin blinking out its IP address on the leftmost

LED. Ea h digit is ounted up as an orange blink with a pause between digits and a short blink for a 0. A

de imal in the IP address is indi ated with a green blink. For example, <orange><orange><pause><short-

orange><pause><green>... would be an IP address that begins “20.”

For those with a ess to pa ket sniffers, upon power-up, the Monitor will broad ast several gratuitous ARP

pa kets on its network ports whi h an be examined with a sniffer or pa ket monitoring software to

determine a unit's IP address. The sour e Ethernet MAC address of su h pa kets and E3Swit h Monitors is

00:50:C2:6F:xx:xx. T pdump or Wireshark are two readily available software pa kages to examine

network pa kets.

Additionally, examination of the MAC address table of an atta hed LAN swit h or router may provide the

IP address if the E3Swit h MAC address prefix (00:50:C2:6F:xx:xx) an be lo ated.

Management Passwords

The HTTP management statisti s page is initially a essible without a password. The HTTP settings page

is initially modifiable within the first several minutes after powerup with username admin and no password.

If the unit has not had its default password hanged, after several minutes the settings page will be lo ked

for se urity reasons. It is desirable to hange the default password of the unit. For se urity reasons,

hanging the default password of the unit must be done within the first several minutes of any powerup. If

Chapter 4: Remote Management HTTP and SNMP

the HTTP management password is lost or forgotten, it may be reset by a essing the HTTP management

settings within the first minute after powerup and with no BNC ables atta hed to the unit.

SNMP statisti s may initially be a essed using the read-only ommunity name public. Write- ommunity

names and variable a ess authorization may be set through the HTTP management interfa e.

Security

Please also refer to the password se tion above.

HTTP Interface Security

A ess to the HTTP management interfa e statisti s and settings pages an be sele tively limited to users

knowing the HTTP management password, whi h is transmitted se urely on the network using MD5

en oding. New values of management settings, or modifi ations of the administrator password are not

en rypted and are visible to users monitoring network pa kets, as is statisti al data requested by an MD5

authorized user or any information visible on a HTTP page.

When logging out from any secure webpage, the browser window should always be closed! Browsers

typi ally ontinue to send administrator redentials ontinuously even after apparent logout.

SNMP Security

The Monitor implements SNMPv2 , whi h is inherently an inse ure proto ol; however, the Monitor

enhan es se urity by implementing view-based a ess management (VACM), whi h an restri t read or

write a ess to spe ifi management settings and statisti s. When shipped, the Monitor allows read a ess

to “safe” SNMP statisti s and prohibits read and write a ess to statisti s and settings whi h ould allow

determination of network topology or interfere with normal link traffi . The VACM onfiguration an be

updated through the HTTP management interfa e to meet the user's needs, and most SNMP variables an

also be set through the HTTP management interfa e in a more se ure manner than SNMP allows.

– SNMP VACM Se urity Warning –

As shipped, the default “safe_ro_view” is se ure but not private.

View based a ess model VACM for SNMPv2 provides good restri tion

of a ess to only spe ified statisti s but no data priva y and

minimal user authenti ation. When a spe ifi variable is enabled

for reading or writing, from a se urity perspe tive it should

be onsidered either publi for reading or publi for writing.

Alternatively, most onfiguration parameters an be set through

the HTTP password-prote ted interfa e whi h is se ure.

Viewing snmpd. onf exposes it and ommunity names to visibility by

3rd party network sniffers. All SNMPv2 data on the network

is visible. All ommunity names an be "guessed" and, when used,

be ome visible to sniffers. Sour e IP addresses of requests

an be forged. Enabling a write ommunity should be onsidered

inse ure with respe t to the spe ifi view variables enabled.

Variables in the groups: interfa e, ds3, dot3 & mau, ontrol the

link datapath; allowing write a ess allows disabling the link.

Spe ifi variables disabled for all write users are se ure.

Spe ifi statisti s disabled for all read users are invisible

and se ure.

HTTP Management

The Monitor ontains a omprehensive, user-friendly HTTP management interfa e whi h allows a manager

to monitor bit-error-rates on the DS3/E3 link, lost pa kets, and user-friendly status messages at a single,

Chapter 4: Remote Management HTTP and SNMP

olor- oded HTTP s reen. A s reenshot is available at www.e3swit h. om. Most settings that an be

modified via SNMP an also be set through the HTTP interfa e in a more user-friendly manner.

Refer to the onfiguration se tion of this do ument for guidan e on spe ifi settings.

vent Log File

A timestamped log of operating status and events may be a essed at the HTTP management administration

page.

Resetting

Two options for resetting the Monitor may be a omplished at the HTTP management administration page.

A management software reset will reset ounters, statisti s, MIB variables, and management software of the

Monitor without interrupting data flow on the WAN. A hardware reset will temporarily interrupt WAN

data flow as if the Monitor had experien ed a power y le. If upgrading firmware, for new fun tionality to

take effe t a hardware reset is required after the upgrade but need not be initiated immediately. A software

reset is not appropriate after upgrading firmware, as only the management CPU would be reset while the

WAN pa ket transfer CPU would be operating with the older, in ompatible version of firmware.

SNMP

The Monitor ontains an SNMP agent whi h an respond to version 1 and version 2 requests for network

statisti s from remote SNMP lients. The agent an also generate notifi ations of important network events

su h as when network ports go up/down or experien e high error rates. These trap notifi ations an be sent

to multiple hosts if desired, and using free or ommer ial software, the re eiving hosts an log the

notifi ations or even generate email or pager messages for network managers.

SNMPv2 is inherently an inse ure proto ol, so the Monitor implements VACM to restri t a ess to “safe”

statisti s and settings. Please refer to the se urity dis ussion se tion of this do ument.

SNMP onfiguration of various parameters su h as ommunity names and trap destinations is a essed

through the HTTP management interfa e and is implemented as a onfiguration file having an snmpd. onf

stru ture. Snmpd. onf is des ribed by third parties in publi ly available do uments.

Statisti s and settings a essible via SNMP are alled MIB-variables and are organized in a hierar hi al

tree topology. The MIB variable trees implemented by the Monitor in lude re ent versions of the DS3/E3,

interfa e, MAU, dot3, and many of the typi al IP-network MIB trees. The full list of MIB trees available is

listed by viewing the system.sysORTable of the Monitor. As mentioned earlier, a ess to ertain trees or

variables is initially disabled for se urity reasons, but an be set as the user wishes through the VACM

settings. The Monitor an typi ally return 1000 MIB variables per se ond in bulk requests and support

SNMP response message sizes up to 5000 bytes.

Upgrading Firmware

For a tivation of additional apabilities of the Monitor, see the “Feature A tivation” se tion. Feature

upgrades do not ne essarily require a firmware upgrade.

Firmware upgrades may be transferred to the Monitor via the LAN port. A hardware reset, whi h will

interrupt link data flow for several se onds, will be required at some point after the transfer in order to

begin using the new firmware. Instru tions for performing the TFTP transfer are in luded with all firmware

shipments. The most ommon sour e of problems when performing upgrades is attempting a TFTP transfer

in ASCII or text mode rather than binary or image mode.

Feature Acti ation/Upgrade

For a tivation of additional apabilities of the Monitor after initial pur hase, supply the fa tory with the

serial number from the front of your Monitor (also shown at the HTTP management page for re ent

Chapter 4: Remote Management HTTP and SNMP

firmware) and pur hase an alphanumeri “fa tory upgrade key” whi h is entered at the HTTP management

s reen.

Chapter 5: Operating Modes and Configuration

Telecom

There are several, low-level onfiguration settings for TDM ports; though, typi ally, the default settings are

appropriate:

●E3 vs DS3

●able length (for long DS3 runs only)

●unframed or M13 or C-Bit (for DS3 only)

●CRC length (none/16/32)

●s rambling on/off

●fra tional or full-rate utilization

Use a “DS3” onfiguration setting for North Ameri a, Japan, and South Korea; otherwise, “E3” speed.

The able length setting will transmit a slightly stronger signal on long DS3 oax runs.

Circuit Clock Speed

In the event of in oming lo k loss when the monitor is insert inline with the WAN ir uit, the transmit

lo k will automati ally swit h to a lo ally generated DS3/E3 lo k sour e.

The re eive lo k speeds are shown at the bottom of the unit's HTTP management statisti s page to assist

timing diagnosis.

DS3 Circuit ID PMDL

DS3 Path Maintenan e Data Link (PMDL) identifi ation messages asso iated with C-Bit framed DS3 links

may be re eived. Cir uit ID messages onvey human-readable, onfigurable, physi al lo ation information

of the DS3 sour e equipment. PMDL Cir uit ID messages fa ilitate onfirmation of the data sour e when

presented with a pair of unlabeled BNC ables.

Port to Port Packet Flow

LAN-to-LAN

Full LAN-to-LAN pa ket flow an be enabled on a unit, if desired. This might be useful if it was desirable

for in oming SFP management pa kets to exit the opper LAN Port 2 of the unit, along with the pa kets

arrying TDM data, in order to be re orded. LAN-to-LAN unidire tional flow for monitoring may also be

onfigured if desired.

LAN-to-LAN should be used cautiously to avoid overloading bandwidth limitations of the unit.

Loopback

C-Bit T3 T M ports will not respond to FEAC loopback requests.

LAN Port Settings

The hardware for two LAN ports exist on all Monitors shipped; however, entry-level models ship with only

100Base-TX mode on LAN Port 2 enabled. See upgrades se tion of this manual to enable these additional

features if required:.

Chapter 5: Operating Modes and Configuration

●GbE, GigE 1000Base-T for the RJ-45 LAN Port 2

●SFP LAN Port 1 whi h an a ept opti al or opper (100/1000) SFP trans eivers.

●If SFP port has been enabled, either LAN port an be onfigured as a dedi ated out-of-band

management port if desired.

●jumbo frames (9600 bytes)

See the “Interoperability” se tion of this manual for information on pa ket lengths and detailed port

onne tion/autonegotiation dis ussion.

The autonegotiation mode of the Monitor must match the autonegotiation mode of attached LAN

equipment. If autonegotiation is enabled on the Monitor it must be enabled on the atta hed equipment. If

disabled on the Monitor, it must be disabled on the atta hed equipment. This requirement is ne essary to

fulfill 802.3 standards whi h mandate a fallba k to half-duplex operation if an autonegotiation mismat h

exists. The Monitors require full duplex LAN onne tions to operate.

LAN Port Speed

1000Mbit/s LAN speeds are only available via the SFP port or if GbE LAN has been pur hased.

100Mbit/s is generally preferred over 1000Mbit/s, whi h generates signifi antly more power-requirements,

heat, and radiated noise even in the absen e of pa ket flow.

1000Mbit/s LAN port speed may be desireable when one LAN port is onfigured to monitor the other LAN

port in addition to re eiving in oming DS3/E3 data. In su h a ase, the data rate that the LAN port is

expe ted to transmit (the sum of all ports that ould be a data sour e for the LAN port) may be greater than

100Mbit/s. The HTTP management statisti s s reen will show overflow errors if a port's data rates are

ex eeded.

Setting more than one LAN port to 1000Mbit/s is not recommended and may result in

underflow/overflow errors in certain high packet load, memory-intensive cases.

Autonegotiation Problems

There are rare ases with older LAN equipment in whi h it may be ne essary to disable autonegotiation. If

CRC-errors or short pa ket errors are seen in the management statisti s of the LAN port, the atta hed LAN

equipment has probably onfigured itself to half-duplex mode and olliding pa kets are being lost. In su h

a ase, autonegotiation should be disabled on both the Monitor and the atta hed LAN equipment, with both

for ed to 100BaseTX full-duplex. Autonegotiation interoperability and standards were not well understood

by the industry at the in eption of 100BaseTX, resulting in some older LAN equipment not understanding

the Monitor's autonegotiation advertisement of stri tly full-duplex apability.

SFP Second LAN Port

The SFP LAN Port 1 hardware exists on all Monitors shipped and may be enabled as pur hased or enabled

by pur hasing an upgrade password. This upgrade allows an SFP trans eiver to enable out-of-band

management or data transfer through either LAN port, or enable fiber-opti LAN onne tions of 10km or

more. Refer to interoperability se tion of this do ument for ompatible SFP trans eivers.

Dedicated Management/Data LAN Ports

If the SFP Se ond LAN Port is in use, then either LAN port may be onfigured to pass TDM data pa kets

or, sele tively, to pass only management or only TDM data pa kets when su h an be determined.

If a LAN port is onfigured for TDM data-only pa kets, the unit will drop in oming management pa kets

on that LAN port. On a “data-only” LAN port, these management uni ast pa kets and management

broad ast/multi ast pa kets may not be forwarded to the se ond LAN even if LAN-to-LAN traffi flow is

onfigured.

Chapter 5: Operating Modes and Configuration

VLAN

In some firmware versions it is possible to onfigure a VLAN ID for pa kets ontaining TDM data.

VLAN onfiguration settings shown at the HTTP management page may also be set for ommuni ation

with the Monitor's management entity.

As shipped, the unit will a ept management pa kets with any VLAN tags and attempt to respond to the

same. For more robust performan e, spe ifi VLAN tag settings an be onfigured.

Chapter 6: Interoperability

LAN

The LAN ports of the Monitor support, at a minimum, all 100BaseTX Full-Duplex Ethernet onne tions up

to maximum line lengths and are set to auto-MDI/MDIX to automati ally dete t/ orre t rossover vs

straight LAN able and autonegotiate for full-duplex and pause frame modes with the atta hed LAN

equipment. Passwords may be pur hased to upgrade to enhan ed LAN port modes as des ribed elsewhere

in this manual.

The management agent a epts and responds with pa kets having MTU of 1350 bytes in order to

automati ally allow room for se urity proto ol overheads.

HDLC WAN frames an be longer than Ethernet standards. WAN frames longer than MTU setting

onfiguration will be trun ated to the MTU of the LAN.

Autonegotiation problems

There are rare ases with older LAN equipment in whi h it may be ne essary to disable autonegotiation. If

CRC-errors or short pa ket errors are seen in the management statisti s of the LAN port, the atta hed LAN

equipment has probably onfigured itself to half-duplex mode and olliding pa kets are being lost. In su h

a ase, autonegotiation should be disabled on both the Monitor and the atta hed LAN equipment with both

for ed to 100BaseTX full-duplex. Autonegotiation interoperability and standards were not well understood

by the industry at the in eption of 100BaseTX, resulting in some older LAN equipment not understanding

the Monitor's autonegotiation advertisement of stri tly full-duplex apability.

It is highly desirable to leave autonegotiation enabled so that hanging atta hed LAN equipment does not

result in the new equipment defaulting to half-duplex if set to autonegotiate.

SFP LAN Port 1

This port is designed to be ompatible with inexpensive, high-quality, opper or fiber-opti , SFP

trans eivers from Finisar, whi h allows LAN onne tions of 10km or more. Most other industry-standard

SFP trans eivers will work as well; however, fiber-opti features su h as temperature and opti al

transmit/re eive power and alarms will only be available if using Finisar trans eivers. Non-Finisar opper,

RJ45 SFP trans eivers may only operate in 1000Base-T mode, while re ommended trans eivers from

Finisar, and possibly Avago or 3Com will operate in 100Base-TX mode as well.

Pause Frames

The Monitor generates no pause frames and ignores pause ommand frames sent to it.

Telecom

Monitoring is possible for a variety of E3 or T3/DS3 links (with appropriate media Monitors) su h as fiber

opti , mi rowave radio, laser, opper, satellite, or a ombination; however, the atta hment interfa e is

always via 75-ohm opper oaxial rather than opti al. The TDM ir uit may be either framed or unframed

and supports both M13, M23, lear- hannel, C-Bit, and G.751 framing. C-Bit framing is suggested for DS3

links.

Chapter 6: Interoperability

Chapter 7: Telecom Connections

Framing and Physical Link

The unit an monitor a variety of E3, T3/DS3 links (with the appropriate media Monitor) su h as fiber

opti , mi rowave radio, laser, opper, satellite, or a ombination. The Monitor may be used with a standard

(i.e., M13, M23, lear- hannel, C-Bit or G.751) framed or unframed, full-rate E3 or T3/DS3 link with AMI

and HDB3 or B3ZS en oding. C-Bit framing is re ommended for DS3 links. The Monitor will report

PMDL Cir uit ID present on C-Bit links.

Ea h Monitor regenerates the timing lo k of the re eived TDM bit-stream, within E3 and T3/DS3

standards. High-a ura y re eive lo k rates are displayed at the unit's HTTP management page.

Telecom Cabling

For the E3 or T3/DS3 onne tion, 75-ohm oaxial ables with BNC onne tors are required. It is important

that 75-ohm able be used and not 50-ohm able. For long onne tions or in ele tri ally noisy

environments it may be important to use a high-quality 75-ohm able whi h will have more onsistent

shielding and ondu tion. The maximum length of ea h able shall be 440 meters for E3 or 300 meters for

T3/DS3, but the a eptable able lengths of equipment atta hed to the Monitor must be met as well. For

lengths over 135 meters, testing in field should be used to determine whether bit error rates are a eptable.

Long able lengths also require areful sele tion of able type and attention to sour es of external noise.

Third-party fiber to opper media Monitors an be used with the E3Swit h Monitor to implement fiber-

opti DS3/E3 links; however, refer to the interoperability se tion of this do ument for vendors to avoid.***

Chapter 8: LAN Connections and Performance

LAN Ports

Ea h LAN port implements the following features to maximize LAN ompatibility and link utilization and

minimize pa ket loss:

•autosense/auto onfiguration/autonegotiation with the atta hed LAN.

•100Mbit/se data rates (1000Mbit/s via SFP or if GbE upgrade pur hased).

•full-duplex LAN onne tion.

•1650-byte pa ket a eptan e (1350 for mgmt and 9600 for jumbo).

These features and their ramifi ations are dis ussed below in more detail.

Autonegotiation

The network equipment attached to the LAN port of the Monitor should be set for autonegotiation

mode in order to allow the Monitor to negotiate a 100Mbit full-duplex connection.

There are rare ases with older LAN equipment in whi h it may be ne essary to disable autonegotiation. If

CRC-errors or short pa ket errors are seen in the management statisti s of the LAN port, the atta hed LAN

equipment has probably onfigured itself to half-duplex mode and olliding pa kets are being lost. In su h

a ase, autonegotiation should be disabled on both the Monitor and the atta hed LAN equipment, with both

for ed to 100BaseTX full-duplex. Autonegotiation interoperability and standards were not well understood

by the industry at the in eption of 100BaseTX, resulting in some older LAN equipment not understanding

the Monitor's autonegotiation advertisement of stri tly full-duplex apability.

Chapter 8: LAN Conne tions and Performan e

It is highly desirable to leave autonegotiation enabled so that hanging atta hed LAN equipment does not

result in the new equipment defaulting to half-duplex if set to autonegotiate. Autonegotiation must always

be enabled for 1000Mbit/s links.

LAN Cabling

It is important to use the orre t abling for proper operation. Use UTP Category 5 network able with RJ-

45 onne tors for the LAN ports, and do not ex eed 100 meters (328 feet) in length. Either a straight-

through or rossover able may be used.

Chapter 9: LAN Packet Format for WAN Data Encapsulation

Header Format for WAN Data Encapsulation

Either raw WAN HDLC bytes may be pla ed on the LAN with no MAC header prepended, or layer 2

headers may be onfigured for the LAN pa kets that en apsulate the WAN data. If desired, a MAC header

is manually spe ified at the Monitor's HTTP administration s reen and onsists of:

- Destination MAC address (ffffffffffff suggested)

- Sour e MAC address (0050 26f3001 suggested)

- add VLAN if not blank (81000064 suggested)

- add EtherType if not blank (8847 suggested)

- add MPLS if not blank (ff0001ff suggested)

- add Pseudowire Control Word to MPLS

MTU

WAN HDLC pa kets that are longer than the LAN MTU onfigured at the Monitor's HTTP administration

s reen will be trun ated to fit within the spe ified LAN MTU. 9600-byte jumbo MTU apability may be

pur hased as an option.

Transport Layer

LAN pa kets are onfigured with simple MAC Layer 2 addressing whi h may in lude a simple, fixed

MPLS header. IP Layer 3 addressing is not supported.

Chapter 10: Troubleshooting

General

A great deal of diagnosti information is available by a essing the HTTP management interfa e of the

Monitor. Refer to the management se tion of this do ument for additional information.

The Monitor's front panel lights can provide useful information but are often under-utilized. They are

simple to read and an indi ate where a data onne tion is being lost. It an be very helpful to learn their

meaning and monitor flashes as a pa ket is re eived at ea h port.

Incoming Circuit I is shown at the top of the Monitor's HTTP management page for C-Bit S3 links,

facilitating confirmation of the remote data transmitter when presented with a pair of unlabeled BNC

cables.

The Ethernet networks to whi h the Monitor onne ts are omplex and may ontain thousands of devi es,

ea h of whi h requires proper onfiguration and performan e. As su h, network onfiguration and

topology issues dominate when problems arise. When troubleshooting, solutions an be rea hed more

rapidly by remembering that the most frequent cause of problems arises from improper network

configurations.

ffffffffffff

0050c26f3000

81000064

8847

ff0001ff

Chapter 10: Troubleshooting

The next most frequent sour e of problems generally arises from faulty cabling or connectors or in orre t

able type. Cabling must be UTP5 or better for LAN and 75-Ohm rather than 50-Ohm for TDM. If long

TDM able runs or an ele tri ally noisy environment exists, high-quality oaxial able will be required.

The least frequent ause of problems will be the hardware of the Monitor itself. This statement is not due to

a nar issisti point of view, but rather to the simpli ity of onfiguration features on the Monitor and the

low- omponent ount. A mi rowave radio link, for example, has waveguides that an fill with water,

antennas that an be ome misaligned, foreign obje ts that an blo k the path. From a failure point of view,

the Monitor is a simpler devi e.

Performance

Performan e issues are addressed in the prior hapters.

Interoperability

The interoperability se tion of this manual should be reviewed to ensure that appropriate equipment is

onne ted to the Monitor. Conne ted LAN equipment should adhere to 802.3 standards.

Pinging

Ping is not reliable. The proto ol whi h ping programs use does not guarantee delivery of the data

pa kets. Ping programs from major software and hardware corporations are known to contain bugs,

both in packet content and function. Generally, however, nearly all of the ping pa kets on a test network

that is not over-loaded should get through; if fewer are re eived, there is probably a problem.

The ping program is a useful, simple test for a TCP/IP Ethernet network. It is a program that sends a data

pa ket from a sour e ma hine to a destination ma hine, whi h then returns a response pa ket. There is a

plethora of information about ping and the free publi -domain ping utilities available. Ping is often

supplied as a standard operating system utility, and often the ommand “ping” followed by the destination

ma hine's IP address or hostname is all that is required to be typed at the sour e ma hine's ommand line.

The default ping generates approximately one 64-byte pa ket per se ond. This is not a robust test. If

onvenient, lo ate a ping program or set ommand line parameters to generate perhaps 50 pings per se ond

and try both small pa kets and large 1400-byte pa kets. Be aware that pa kets larger than 1400 bytes

sometimes un over bugs in the software of ping programs.

Step-by-Step Diagnosis

This se tion assumes that ommuni ation between two ma hines at opposite ends of the E3, T3/DS3 link

(herein the link) is failing. If this is a test in the laboratory or without a TDM ir uit present, be sure to read

the previous “Laboratory Testing” se tion first.

1. If a ess to the HTTP management interfa e of the Monitor is possible, many useful status messages

will be displayed. Typi ally, any message highlighted in orange should be of on ern. Error ounters

are of lesser on ern if they are not in rementing, and some link errors would be normal as link ables

are initially onne ted.

The S3/E3 BER light of the Monitor should be illuminated and green. This indi ates that a valid,

DS3/E3 waveshape is being re eived without bit errors and with proper framing. Refer to the front

panel se tion of this do ument for other light olors.

The S3/E3 port light of the Monitor should be illuminated and green. This indi ates that a valid,

arrier signal is being re eived on the WAN. Refer to the front panel se tion of this do ument for other

light olors.

Chapter 10: Troubleshooting

2. Ensure a proper LAN cable is being used. Straight-through or rossover abling is a eptable. The

LAN light of the Monitor port to whi h any LAN is atta hed should be illuminated and green. If not,

ensure that the atta hed equipment is set for autonegotiation and an a ept 100BaseTX Full-Duplex

links. Refer to front panel se tion of this do ument for other LAN light olors.

3. The network equipment atta hed to the LAN port of the Monitor should be set for autonegotiation

mode in order to allow the Monitor to negotiate a 100Mbit full-duplex onne tion. For ing either the

Monitor's or atta hed equipment's LAN port to 100Mbit full-duplex may not allow the proper

autonegotiation and LAN onne tion to o ur. There are rare ases with older LAN equipment in

whi h it may be ne essary to disable autonegotiation. If CRC-errors or short packet errors are seen

in the management statistics of the LAN port, the attached LAN equipment has probably

configured itself to half-duplex mode and colliding packets are being lost. In su h a ase,

autonegotiation should be disabled on both the Monitor and the atta hed LAN equipment with both

for ed to 100BaseTX full-duplex. Autonegotiation interoperability and standards were not well

understood by the industry at the in eption of 100BaseTX, resulting in some older LAN equipment not

understanding the Monitor's autonegotiation advertisement of stri tly full-duplex apability.

4. Monitor lights during pa ket transmission:

•With LANs atta hed, verify, perhaps using pings, that data pa kets generated by a lo al ma hine

ause the Monitor's light of the onne ted LAN port to blink. If not, determine if there is an

intermediate router or pie e of equipment that is not properly forwarding the data pa kets to the

Monitor. Examine the Link/A tivity light on the sour e ma hine and any intermediate ma hines to

ensure they behave properly (usually fli ker) as well.

5. Enlist the aid of a sniffer program to view at the sour e and destination ma hines exa tly what data

pa kets are being sent and re eived. Free publi -domain programs su h as Wireshark are readily

available.

Chapter 11: Third Party Copyright Notices

E3Swit h is grateful for and ontributes to open sour e software development whi h may be prote ted by

the following opyright noti es and li ense terms:

eCos License

E3Swit h gratefully a knowledges the ontributions of the eCos developers and ommunity. Current eCos sour e files are available at http://e os.sour eware.org/ E3Swit h

implementation-spe ifi modifi ations to those files are available by onta ting E3Swit h LLC.

The FreeBSD Copyright

Redistribution and use in sour e and binary forms, with or without modifi ation, are permitted provided that the following onditions are met:

1. Redistributions of sour e ode must retain the above opyright noti e, this list of onditions and the following dis laimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reprodu e the above opyright noti e, this list of onditions and the following dis laimer in the do umentation and/or other materials

provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FREEBSD

PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS

INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING

NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

The views and on lusions ontained in the software and do umentation are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing offi ial poli ies, either expressed or

implied, of the FreeBSD Proje t.

The Net-SNMP Copyright

---- Part 1: CMU/UCD opyright noti e: (BSD like) -----

Derivative Work - 1996, 1998-2000

Chapter 11: Third Party Copyright Noti es

Permission to use, opy, modify and distribute this software and its

do umentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,

provided that the above opyright noti e appears in all opies and

that both that opyright noti e and this permission noti e appear in

supporting do umentation, and that the name of CMU and The Regents of

the University of California not be used in advertising or publi ity

pertaining to distribution of the software without spe ifi written

permission.

CMU AND THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DISCLAIM ALL

WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL CMU OR

THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,

INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING

FROM THE LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF

CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN

CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

---- Part 2: Networks Asso iates Te hnology, In opyright noti e (BSD) -----

Redistribution and use in sour e and binary forms, with or without

modifi ation, are permitted provided that the following onditions are met:

* Redistributions of sour e ode must retain the above opyright noti e,

this list of onditions and the following dis laimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reprodu e the above opyright

noti e, this list of onditions and the following dis laimer in the

do umentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* Neither the name of the Networks Asso iates Te hnology, In nor the

names of its ontributors may be used to endorse or promote

produ ts derived from this software without spe ifi prior written

permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS

IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR

CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,

EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,

PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;

OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,

WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR

OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF

ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

---- Part 3: Cambridge Broadband Ltd. opyright noti e (BSD) -----

Portions of this ode are opyright ( ) 2001-2003, Cambridge Broadband Ltd.

Redistribution and use in sour e and binary forms, with or without

modifi ation, are permitted provided that the following onditions are met:

* Redistributions of sour e ode must retain the above opyright noti e,

this list of onditions and the following dis laimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reprodu e the above opyright

noti e, this list of onditions and the following dis laimer in the

do umentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* The name of Cambridge Broadband Ltd. may not be used to endorse or

promote produ ts derived from this software without spe ifi prior

written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER ``AS IS'' AND ANY

EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF

SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,

WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE

OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN

IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

---- Part 4: Sun Mi rosystems, In . opyright noti e (BSD) -----

Use is subje t to li ense terms below.

This distribution may in lude materials developed by third parties.

Chapter 11: Third Party Copyright Noti es

Sun, Sun Mi rosystems, the Sun logo and Solaris are trademarks or registered

trademarks of Sun Mi rosystems, In . in the U.S. and other ountries.

Redistribution and use in sour e and binary forms, with or without

modifi ation, are permitted provided that the following onditions are met:

* Redistributions of sour e ode must retain the above opyright noti e,

this list of onditions and the following dis laimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reprodu e the above opyright

noti e, this list of onditions and the following dis laimer in the

do umentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* Neither the name of the Sun Mi rosystems, In . nor the