EML Kalyx-RG User manual

UM-975-001-WSD1 Manual –V2.1
Wind Speed &
Direction Sensor
User Manual

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PUBLISHED BY
Environmental Measurements Limited (EML)
7 Jupiter Court
Orion Business Park
North Shields NE29 7SE
United Kingdom
Visit our internet pages at http://www.emltd.net
©EML 2017
No part of this manual may be reproduced without any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party
without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
Please observe that this manual does not create any legally binding obligation for EML
towards the customer or end user. All legally binding commitments and agreements are
included exclusively in the applicable supply contract or Conditions of Sale.

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Table of Contents
List of Figures ..........................................................................................................................................4
List of Tables ...........................................................................................................................................4
1. General Information.......................................................................................................................5
About this Manual ..............................................................................................................................5
Version Information........................................................................................................................5
Related Manuals .............................................................................................................................5
2. Introduction....................................................................................................................................6
3. Site and Installation Requirements ...............................................................................................6
Choosing a site....................................................................................................................................6
4. Wiring & connection information..................................................................................................7
Wiring colours.....................................................................................................................................7
5. Additional Technical information..................................................................................................8
Technical Specifications of the WSD1.................................................................................................8
Speed component of the sensor (anemometer) ................................................................................9
Direction component of the sensor (vane).........................................................................................9
General Cable information..................................................................................................................9
Long cable runs on the sensor ............................................................................................................9
Wind direction averaging....................................................................................................................9
6. Assembly and use of the WSS1....................................................................................................10
Basic assembly ..................................................................................................................................10
Lower mast assembly........................................................................................................................10
Upper mast assembly........................................................................................................................10
Final assembly...................................................................................................................................12
Alignment..........................................................................................................................................12
7. Assembly and use of the WSS2....................................................................................................15
Unpacking and Assembly..................................................................................................................15
Fitting to a mast................................................................................................................................15
Alignment..........................................................................................................................................15
Appendix A –Wind sensor products and spares.................................................................................17

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List of Figures
Figure 1 - Wiring diagram of WSD1.........................................................................................................7
Figure 2 - Mast assembly detail ............................................................................................................11
Figure 3 - Guy wiring detail...................................................................................................................13
Figure 4 - Assembled WSS1...................................................................................................................14
Figure 5 - Assembled WSS2 kit..............................................................................................................16
List of Tables
Table 1 - Document Revisions.................................................................................................................5
Table 2 - Related Manuals ......................................................................................................................5
Table 3 - Wiring details ...........................................................................................................................7
Table 4 - Contents list of WSS1 kit. .......................................................................................................10
Table 5 - Contents list of WSS2.............................................................................................................15
Table 6 –Wind sensors products..........................................................................................................17
Table 7 –Wind sensor spare parts........................................................................................................17

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1. General Information
About this Manual
This manual is intended as a general guide for installing, wiring and using a Kalyx-RG rain gauge. The
information contained in this manual may not cover all aspects of Kalyx-RG applications. Please refer
to associated equipment manuals or consult papers and technical notes on the EML website
(www.emltd.net).
Version Information
Table 1 - Document Revisions
EML Document Number:
Description:
UM-975-001
Version 1.0 –First Release, dated 19th August 2015
Version 2.0 –Second Release, dated 1st March 2018
Version 2.1 –Third Release, dated 13th March 2019
Related Manuals
Table 2 - Related Manuals
EML Document Number:
Description:

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2. Introduction
The WSD1 sensor measures both wind speed and wind direction. At the top of the unit is a 3-cupped
anemometer (white) for measuring wind speed, and at the bottom, a wind vane (black) for measuring
wind direction. Always ensure that this orientation is maintained. These devices are attached to the
main body of the unit which is made of a clear anodised (HT30) aluminium alloy.
The wind speed (anemometer) component consists of a low-inertia ABS white cup assembly for fast
response, mounted on a dual ballrace-supported stainless steel shaft. The use of a Bremag 10 magnet
operates a long-life switch to produce one bounce-free pulse per revolution of the rotor.
The direction (black wind vane) component consists of a dynamically balanced vane operating a triple
ballrace supported shaft and micro-torque 355° potentiometer, with a deadband of 5° at North. Most
modern loggers can be connected to these sensors with little or no interfacing. An additional benefit
is the very low power requirement (application of a voltage reference to the wind vane potentiometer
is all that is needed).
Various possibilities exist for mounting the WS1 sensor head, a length of 8mm stainless steel studding
is supplied for this purpose. However, two systems are recommended; the full mast kit WSS1 or the
bracket kit WSS2. See the relevant sections within this manual for further details on the assembly and
use of the above.
3. Site and Installation Requirements
Choosing a site
The site chosen to install the WSD1 sensor depends on the application and the circumstances at the
site. There are a number of good-practice that should be followed, described as follows.
A site should be chosen which is as representative as possible of the wider area. Over-exposed or
sheltered sites should be avoided unless it is the intention to measure in such areas. For example, on
top of hills are exposed sites, whereas positioning the unit on the leeward side of obstacles will shelter
it from the wind.
If deployment on a building is necessary, mounting at a central point of the building is more
representative than at the edge. Two metres or ten metres above the ground are the most common
mounting heights adopted.

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4. Wiring & connection information
This section gives information on connecting the WSD1 to loggers, including a circuit diagram.
Wiring colours.
The cable supplied with the WSD1 sensor consists of three twisted pairs of inner conductors plus a
screen. The screen is not connected within the sensor. The fitted twisted-pair cable consists of one
colour plus its associated black. This means that there are three blacks within the cable. To help in
this regard each conductor has been labelled with a heat shrink marker. The labels used are shown in
Table 3, and the wiring diagram of the WSD1 is shown in Figure 1.
Table 3 - Wiring details
COLOUR
LABEL
CONDUCTOR USE
GREEN
1
REED switch via 100R resistor.
BLACK
2
REED switch
WHITE
3
POTENTIOMETER (T1) usually excited via a resistor
BLACK
4
POTENTIOMETER (T3) usually to excitation GND
RED
5
WIPER of POTENTIOMETER (T2) usually to analogue HI
BLACK
6
POTENTIOMETER (T3) usually to analogue LO (GND)
Figure 1 - Wiring diagram of WSD1

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5. Additional Technical information
This section provides technical specifications for the WSD1 and the cable.
Technical Specifications of the WSD1
Speed Sensor
Calibration
1 contact closure / 1.493m
Reed detector
Bench tested to a minimum speed of 90m/s.
Start-up1
0.5 m/s typically.
Accuracy
2%
Linearity
2%
Contact Rating
50 Watts. (d.c. resistive)
Direction Sensor
Mechanical travel
360° (Endless)
Electrical travel
355° ±2°
Calibration
0 - 1K Ω potentiometer for 0-355° electrical travel.
Resistance tolerance
±3%
Linearity tolerance
±0.5%
Temperature range
-20°C to +70°C
Reference Voltage2
1 to 24Vdc (Max: 80Vdc)
Height
280mm
Max arc (for wind vane)
120mm
Weight
500 grams approx.

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Speed component of the sensor (anemometer)
The use of this design also allows the anemometer to be used in circuits down to zero voltage and
current, without reducing the life expectancy of the reed switch.
In the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 a 100 ohm resistor is fitted into the wiring. This is because in
long cable runs the capacitance between conductors is appreciable. When the switch closes the
capacitance is discharged across the contacts; without the resistor fitted this could lead to shortening
of switch life and generation of transients in the other wires. Although only needed in longer cable
runs, this resistor is fitted as standard within the sensor.
Direction component of the sensor (vane)
This is a low-torque 1k ohm potentiometer design using a 3mm shaft and associated bearings (3 off).
In the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 a 100k ohm pull down resistor is fitted into the wiring in the
sensor. This is fitted to remove the gap at north by tying the wiper (T2) to the low terminal (T3). The
analogue inputs on some loggers will float, giving odd readings when there is no input. This value of
resistor should eliminate this. Linearity is slightly affected, however, this is only 0.01% which can
usually be ignored due to the potentiometer's 0.5% linearity.
General Cable information
Cable supplied as standard is 3 metres in length and may be shortened or lengthened as required. If
the cable is lengthened, please ensure a good quality environmental connector, or suitable waterproof
junction box, is used. Extension cables used must be of a similar specification; however, separate
cables for the speed and the direction components could be used. The cable is a Belden 9503 or
equivalent. The conductors are 7/0.2mm (24awg) stranded tinned copper, twisted pairs (3 pairs).
Long cable runs on the sensor
There are no problems when long cable runs are used. However, with the direction element of the
sensor the longer the cable is, the longer the signal rise time and the longer it is before the input has
settled. This error is greater for the larger angles of wind direction. If the logger allows for this (for
example, as Campbell Scientific loggers do) then use a delay to eliminate this; 10 mS is usually enough
for most situations, but this does depend on the logger used.
Wind direction averaging
If a simple averaging system is used on wind-direction a problem arises around the North direction.
Example: If 355oequals a 2V full scale reading and 0oequals a 0V output.
If the wind is hovering either side of North, and a number of readings are obtained, some would be
around 2V and some around 0V. If these were averaged, a result of around 1V would be obtained,
equivalent to South.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to use a vectoring system to produce the correct results.

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6. Assembly and use of the WSS1.
The WSS1 consists of a WSD1 sensor plus a full mast kit for mounting the head at the standard two
metres height. It is of a lightweight aluminium construction and suitable for temporary or permanent
use. All alloy parts are black-anodised with the exception of the elbow, which is clear-anodised.
Stainless steel screws are used throughout.
Basic assembly
Unpack and identify all parts of the WSS1 kit from the box by using Table 4, Figure 2, Figure 3 and
Figure 4.
The assembly instructions will refer to the item letters contained in Table 4.
Table 4 - Contents list of WSS1 kit.
Item
No. off
Description
a
1
WSD1 head
b
1
Elbow mount
c
1
Mast adaptor
d
1
Mast (2 sections)
e
1
Mast joiner
f
1
Base-plate + 4 pegs
g
1
Guy wires kit.
h
1
Screws kit
j
10
Wire ties
k
3
Stakes
Lower mast assembly
The mast is supplied part-assembled and requires swinging the lower tube (d1) of the mast through
90oto be vertical to the baseplate (f).
Place a washer onto the M6 bolt and slide bolt through holes in baseplate (f) and lower tube (d1), then
fit the washer and nut.
Screw six M4 set-screws into the threaded holes of the mast joiner (e). Ensure the set-screws do not
protrude into the inside of the joiner (e).
Upper mast assembly
The upper mast also comes part-assembled with the mast adaptor (c) pre-fitted. Screw six M4 set-
screws into the threaded holes of the mast adaptor (c). Three of these screws are fitted through the
upper end of the tube (d2). Ensure the set-screws do not protrude into the inside of the joiner (c). The
guy-wires (g) again are supplied pre-assembled and should now be fitted to the mast. Remove one of
the M6 screws from the mast, fit the small plate on the end of a guy-wire (g) over the screw and
replace the screw. Repeat for the other two guy-wires.

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Figure 2 - Mast assembly detail
M6 WASHERS
M6 BOLT
M6 NUT
LOWERMAST
TUBE(d1)
UPPERMAST
TUBE(d2)
BASEPLATE (f)
M4 SET
SCREWS
JOINER (e)
M6
SCREWS
M4 SET
SCREWS
ELBOW
MOUNT (b)
MAST
ADAPTOR (C)
Figure 2 MAST ASSEMBLYIN DETAIL

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Final assembly
If the system is being assembled in the field then the four steel pegs should be fitted through the
corners of the Baseplate (f) and into the ground. They may require knocking in with a mallet.
Assemble an M6 bolt and washer through the hole in a stake (k), fit another washer and then the first
shoulder nut as shown in Figure 3, and fully tighten. Repeat for the other two stakes.
Place the upper-mast assembly into the mast joiner (e) and tighten the six M4 set-screws. Again, if this
is in the field, then, while keeping the mast near vertical it is necessary to position the three stakes (k)
to be equally spaced around the mast, while at the same time ensuring the distance from the mast is
compatible with the length of the guy ropes.
When the position is correct, drive the stakes into the ground using a mallet.
Fit the ring end of the guy adjusters over the original shoulder nut and then fit another shoulder nut
and tighten. Repeat for the other two stakes.
Ensure mast is vertical by using a spirit level against mast and turn adjusters to set this. Tighten the
adjuster locknuts.
Screw the M8 stud of the WSD1 (a) into the threaded end of the elbow (b) and then place end of elbow
(b) into the top of the mast.
Alignment
Using a compass, the elbow of the mast must be aligned to point to the north (See Figure 4 for
explanation). This method is usually accurate to 5o.
After aligning, tighten the six M4 set-screws to stop the elbow(b) from rotating. Cable ties should be
fitted to ensure a tidy cable run down the mast. Keep the cable following around the outside bend of
the elbow, to present as clean a profile to the wind vane as possible. Also note that flapping of cables
in the wind is a very common source of sensor failures, therefore cable ties are essential.

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Figure 3. GUY WIRES IN DETAIL
STAKE (k)
SHOULDER NUTS
GUY WIRES KIT (g)
WASHERS M6 BOLT
FIT EYE OF THE GUY
TENSIONER HERE
MOUNTINGS IN CLOSE-UP
Figure 3 - Guy wiring detail

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Figure 4 - Assembled WSS1
Figure 4 THE ASSEMBLED WSS1 KIT
NORTH

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7. Assembly and use of the WSS2.
The WSS2 product consists of the WSD1 sensor plus a simpler mounting than the WSS1 kit, used when
fixing to masts or poles of up to 2" (50mm) in diameter. The mount is a clear-anodised alloy.
Unpacking and Assembly
Unpack and identify all parts of the WSS2 kit from the box by using Table 5 and Figure 5.
Table 5 - Contents list of WSS2
Item
No. off
Description
a
1
WSD1 head
b
1
Elbow mount
c
1
Bracket plate
d
2
M6 U-Bolts
e
4
M6 Nuts & M6 Washers
Assembly consists of fitting the two washers (e) to the M6 bolts (d), passing the bolts through the
bracket plate (c) and screwing them into the threaded holes of the elbow mount (b). Do not over-
tighten.
Screw the M8 stud of the WSD1 (a) into the threaded end of the elbow mount (b), and while keeping
the WSD1 (a) perpendicular to the elbow mount (b) tighten the locknut to fix the WSD1 (a) head in
position.
The U-bolts (d) are now fitted through the bracket plate (c) and the nuts and washers fitted. This
completes the assembly.
Fitting to a mast
The completed assembly is fitted by slackening or removing the U-clamps and placing the V-section
against the chosen mast; then replacing the clamps.
Alignment
Before tightening the clamps, use a compass to ensure the elbow mount is aligned to the north (See
Figure 5 for explanation). This method is usually accurate enough (5o).

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Figure 5 - Assembled WSS2 kit
After aligning, tighten the clamps to stop the assembly from rotating. Cable ties should be fitted to
ensure a tidy cable run down the mast.
If the WSS2 kit is being fitted to a horizontal mast then the two M6 screws (e) should be removed, the
bracket rotated 90oand the screws replaced and fully tightened. When fitting to the mast ensure that
the assembly is also vertically aligned.
NORTH
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure 5 THE ASSEMBLED WSS2 KIT
Detailing alternative horizontal mounting
M8 STUD

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Appendix A –Wind sensor products and spares
Table 6 –Wind sensors products
Product code
Description
W-975-001
WSD1 Wind Speed & Direction Unit
W-975-002
WSS1 Wind Speed & Direction Unit + Mast
W-975-003
WSS2 Wind Speed & Direction Unit + Bracket
W-975-010
WSU1 Wind Speed Unit
W-975-011
WSU3 Wind Speed Unit + Mast
W-975-012
WSU4 Wind Speed Unit + Bracket
Table 7 –Wind sensor spare parts
Product code
Description
W-975-020
WS/S Bearing Kit
W-975-021
WS/SD Bearing Kit
W-975-022
WS/SD Bearing Kit (+ Potentiometer)
W-975-112
Collar (after anodising)
W-975-151
Windspeed body assembly
W-975-153
Rotor Assembly
W-975-158
Windspeed Cup assembly
W-975-159
Wind Vane assembly
W-975-160
Elbow Assembly
W-975-315
Bearings
W-975-323
Gasket set
W-975-330
1K ohm potentiometer