Exar XRD9827REF User manual

XRD9827REF
USER MANUAL
CANNON CIS 36-BIT COLOR
SINGLE LINE SCANNER

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TM
EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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EVALUATION KIT PART LIST
This kit contains the following:
•XRD9827REF CIS 36-Bit Color Single Line Scanner
•XRD9827REF User Manual
•SenseIt 1.0 Software Installation Diskettes (2)
•XRD9827 Data Sheet
•Scan Targets (Black, White, Color)
FEATURES
•One line scanning functionality of XRD9827 with CANON 600DPI CIS (Contact Image Sensor)
•Easy to use with most personal computers through Parallel Port Interface
•Simple way of loading the Serial Port of XRD9827 to adjust gain and offset
•Software SenseIt 1.0 to view single line scan
•Optimized PCB Layout with Four Layer
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
•Intel 486 compatible computer with Windows 95 operating system
•8 MBytes system memory
•25-pin D-shape parallel port receptacles
•3 1/2” floppy disk drive
INTRODUCTION
The XRD9827REF is a demo system which includes a PCB design with a CANON CVA-60216K 600DPI
Color Contact Image Sensor (CIS). It demonstrates how to interface a CIS with EXAR’s XRD9827, a 12-
bit Linear CIS/CCD Sensor Signal Processor to output a single line scan and display the amplitude of each
of the three colors. The XRD9827REF is designed to provide a signal path for the CIS output signals to be
processed, digitized by the XRD9827 and transmitted to a personal computer. There are no software
algorithms or hardware implementations, for example, gamma correction, to adjust for color response.
The XRD9827REF board is loaded with the XRD9827, a Vantis MACH435 CPLD, two FIFO SRAMs and
peripheral circuits for the CIS. The MACH435, which is a CMOS Programmable Logic Device (CPLD)
provides timing signals to the XRD9827, the SRAMs and the CIS. It also programs the XRD9827 to
operate in the correct mode and adjust for gain and offset values. The XRD9827 processes the analog
output from the CIS sensor, level-shifts and converts the signal into 12-bit digital codes. The SRAMs gate
the digitized data from the XRD9827 and stores the data temporarily. Controlled by the software, the
SRAMs send the data through a parallel port connection to the PC and histograms of raw data are
displayed in the monitor using the SenseIt software. A block diagram of the XRD9827REF is shown below
in Figure 1.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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CANON CVA-60216K 600DPI COLOR CIS
XRD9827
FIFO
SRAM
FIFO
SRAM
INTEL 486 Compatible
MACH435 CPLD
PARALLEL
PORT DB25
CONNECTOR
CIS CONTROL SIGNALS
8-BIT DATA
DATA
8-BIT DATA
6-BIT BUS NIBBLE
XRD9827 CONTROL SIGNALS
PARALLEL PORT CONTROL
CIS OUTPUT
CIS REFERENCE
VOLTAGE
Figure 1. Block Diagram of XRD9827REF
The XRD9827 is a complete linear CIS or CCD sensor signal processor on a single monolithic chip. The
XRD9827 includes a high speed 12-Bit ADC, a 6-Bit Programmable Gain Amplifier with gain adjustment
of 1 to 10 and an 8-Bit programmable input referred offset calibration range of 800 mV. The XRD9827
also provides the necessary biasing voltage for the CANON CIS, eliminating the use of external
components (two diodes and two resistors). See the XRD9827EVAL User Manual / PCB board for
evaluating the XRD9827 CIS / CCD signal processor chip. A simplified functional block diagram of
XRD9827 is shown below for your reference.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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RED
GRN
BLU
VDCEXT
VREF+
DB7:0
DVDD
DGND
AVDD
AGND
ADCCLK CLAMP
SYNCH
PGA
TIMING &
CONTROL LOGIC
AVDD
6-BIT GAIN
REGISTERS
12-BIT
ADC
RL
AGND
DATA
I/O
PORT
BUFFER VRT
VRB
S/H
&
3-1
MUX
8-BIT DAC
12 8
8-BIT OFFSET
REGISTERS
6
8
+
_
AGND
VDCREF
DC/AC
INT/EXT_VDCREF
CIS/CCD
G<5:0>
O<7:0>
R G B
R G B
CLP
CLAMP
Power
Down
Power
Down
VRT
CCD CIS
VBG
Biasing Circuit for CANON
CIS
Figure 2. Simplified Functional Block Diagram of XRD9827
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE
The routine listed below will first calibrate the photo response of the CIS using the XRD9827 by optimize
its offset and gain. After calibration, the XRD9827REF can be used to scan any color target to show CIS
non-color corrected response. (Color correction is typically done in the digital ASIC.)

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How to Run the XRD9827REF Demonstration
1. Make sure the computer is powered off and the AC power adapter is disconnected from a wall outlet
2. Connect the parallel port cable to the printer port of the computer
3. Connect the AC power adapter into a wall outlet
4. Turn on the computer and activate Windows 95
Loading EXAR Software
5. Load the diskette labeled SenseIt 1.0 Disk # 1 into the floppy drive
6. Select the Start menu in the program manager and choose RUN
7. Inside the small pop-up window, type: A:\setup
8. Follow the instructions to finish software installation
Parallel Port Configurations
9. Confirm the parallel port address as follows:
I. Select the Start Menu, choose Settings, then choose Control Panel
II. From the Control Panel window which pops up, double-click on System
III. In the System Properties window, select Device Manager
IV. From the Device Manager window, double-click on Ports (COM & LPT)
V. Double-click on Printer Port (LPT1). If you can not find it, please goto Step 10
VI. From the pop-up window, select Resources
VII. Verify the Input/Output Range is set to 0378 - 037F
VIII. If the range is not correct, clear the Use Automatic Settings check box by clicking it
IX. Choose correct address which is 0378 by default and click OK
X. Re-start the computer as advised
10. If you do not have a Printer Port configured on your computer, please follow the steps listed below:
I. From the Control Panel window which pops up, double-click on Add New Hardware
II. From the pop-up window, click the Next > button
III. Select ‘No’ when prompted for ‘Do you want Windows to search for your new
hardware?’, then click the Next > button
IV. Choose Ports (COM & LPT), then click the Next > button
V. Choose Printer Port, then click the Next > button
VI. Make a note of the Input/Output Range of Printer Port of your computer and click OK.
You will use these values later when configure the SenseIt software
VII. Re-start the computer as advised
Offset Adjustment With a Black Target
11. Set the dip switches located on the side panel of the scanner to [110 01000000] as shown in Figure 3
and push the Serial Port button which is located on the front panel of the demo system. This will reset the
XRD9827.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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1
0
S
1S 0
S
2D 5D 4
D
7D 6D 2D 1
D
3D 0
Figure 3. Dip Switches Set to Value [110 01000000] to Reset XRD9827
12. Select the Start Menu, choose Programs, then choose SenseIt icon
13. A window will pop up as shown below. The upper window shows the plot of captured data and the
lower window shows the histogram of data. Figure 4 shows the pop-up window when SenseIt is first
started.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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Figure 4. SenseIt Software Window Before Scanning
14. Select SETUP from the pull-down menu and choose I/O ADDRESS. In the window that pops up, type
in the Input/Output Range of Printer Port of your computer. The default setting is 378H.
15. Pick the black target out from the kit and put it on a flat area. Place the XRD9827REF on top of the
black target with the CIS sensor facing downwards. From the CAPTURE menu select SNAP SHOT (or
simply press CTRL and B buttons simultaneously) for a single line scan of the black target with the dip
switches set to [000 00000000]. A typical result of a black target scan is shown below:

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Figure 5. Non-calibrated Black Target Scan
16. Set the dip switches to [110 00010000] to tie VDCREF and VDCEXT pin together internally. Push the
Serial Port button. The XRD9827 will subtract whatever voltage appears on VDCEXT (pin 16) from the
input and thus perform a global offset adjustment. A typical result of the global offset adjustment is shown
below. Please notice that the black code value has moved down.

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Figure 6. Black Target Scan After Global Offset Adjust Using the 9827 Internal
Bandgap Reference Voltage
17. Then, set the dip switches to [111 00010000] and push the Serial Port button again. By doing this, a
1.24V reference voltage provided by an internal bandgap is applied to the VDCEXT pin. VDCEXT is
connected to VREF pin (Pin 5) of the CANON CIS, this voltage is used by the CIS as a biasing voltage.
Moreover, a 12K built-in resistor of the XRD9827 serves as a pull-down for the output of the CIS. By
interfacing the XRD9827 with a CANON CIS, a designer can save two biasing diodes and two resistors
and thus reduce cost.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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RL
VRT
VRB
VDD
XRD9827
C
I
S
PIN 19
(RED)
2.2uF
PIN 16
(VDCEXT)
BANDGAP
1.24V
M
U
X
12K
Figure 7. Simplified Block Diagram Showing Global Offset Adjustment by XRD9827 Using
Internal Bandgap and CIS Using VDCEXT for Biasing
18. Set the dip switches to [001 01010000] to select the internal offset DAC for fine offset adjustment.
Push the Serial Port button. From the CAPTURE menu select SNAP SHOT. The offset should now move
the output of the CIS to almost zero scale. The other way to do a SNAP SHOT is by pressing CTRL and B
button at the same time. Please refer to data sheet for offset adjustment. A typical result of the fine offset
adjustment is shown below.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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Figure 8. Black Target Scan After Global and Fine Adjustment

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TM
EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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RL
VRT
VRB
VDD
PIN 19
(RED)
XRD9827
C
I
S
8-BIT
OFFSET
DAC
M
U
X
Figure 9. Simplified Block Diagram Showing Fine Offset Adjustment by XRD9827
19. Switch the black target to the enclosed white target. From the CAPTURE menu select SNAP SHOT
for a single line scan of the white target. A typical result of a white target is shown below.

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EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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Figure 10. White Target Scan Without Gain Adjustment
20. Set the dip switches to [000 00001000] to select the desired gain. Push the Serial Port button. From
the CAPTURE menu select SNAP SHOT. The gain should move the output of the CIS to almost full scale.
Please refer to data sheet for further gain adjustment and optimal values of dip switches for your scanner.
A typical result of the white target with gain adjustment is shown below.

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Figure 11. White Target Scan After Gain Adjustment

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PIN 19
(RED)
XRD9827
C
I
S
RL
VRT
VRB
VDD
PGA
6-BIT GAIN
REGISTER
M
U
X
Figure 12. Simplified Block Diagram Showing Gain Adjustment by XRD9827
21. Once the XRD9827 has been fully calibrated, any target can be scanned. For example: Scan a gray
scale to demonstrate the stair step response or a color target for color responsitivity.

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Figure 13. Gray-scale Target Scan
22. To demonstrate the noise component is contributed from the CIS, we hooked up a DC reference to the
scanner and the results are shown below in Table 1.
REFERENCE DC (V) STANDARD DEVIATION SYSTEM SNR (dB) W/O CIS
NOISE COMPONENT
2.0 2.144328 62.6117
2.5 3.48261 58.3988
3.0 2.399188 61.6356
3.5 1.983461 63.28842
Table 1. Signal-to-Noise Ratio of the XRD9827REF with DC Source as Input (No CIS Noise
Component)
As we can see from Table 1, the SNR falls into the range of 58 dB to 63 dB when a DC reference is used
as input to the XRD9827REF. The system alone gives a 9 1/2 to 10 bit performance. The largest noise
source we saw in previous scans came from the CIS. A typical plot of the DC reference is shown in Figure
14.

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Figure 14. Plot of 3.5V DC Source as Input to the XRD9827REF
Important:
1. If at any time an unexpected result is shown or the demo system seems to not working, please pull
the AC adapter out from the wall outlet to cycle power. Start the procedures again from Step 11.
2. Keep the scanner away from other electrical equipment, power cords, light dimmers, etc., as stray
electrical fields can end up in the digitized data.
3. Switch off all unnesscessary light sources and place the scanner flat on the image, this can prevent
stray light from entering the sensor and disrupt the scan.

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XRD9827REF B
XRD9827 REFERENCE BOARD
B
13Thursday, July 23, 1998
H:\PROJECT\ORCADWIN\9827\9827REFB.DSN
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
AVDD
DVDD
AGND
AGND
AGND DGND DGND
DVDD
DGND
AVDD
DVDD
AGND
DGND
CISOUT
DB7/LD
DB6/SDATA
DB5/SCLK
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB0
DB1
ADCCLK
VDCEXT
SYNC
POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUITS
GO TO LED ON THE
CASE OF SCANNER
C1
0.1uF
C2
0.01uF
L1
10uH
U2 LM7805-5
IN
1
OUT
3
GND
2
U3 LM7805-5
IN
1
OUT
3
GND
2
C4
0.1uF
C3
1uF
TP1
t
1
g
2
C8
0.22uF
C9
0.1uF
C10
0.22uF
C11
0.47uF
J1
POWERJACK
JP1
HEADER 2
1
2
R3
1K
U1
XRD9827
DVDD
1
DB0
2
DB1
3
DB2
4
DB3
5
DB4
6
DB5/SCLK
7
DB6/SDATA
8
DB7/LD
9
DGND
10
ADCCLK
11
CLAMP
12
SYNCH
13
AGND
14
VREF+
15
VDCEXT
16
BLU
17
GRN
18
RED
19
AVDD
20
L2
OPEN
C32
OPEN
C5
0.1uF
C6
0.01uF

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TM
EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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XRD9827REF B
XRD9827 REFERENCE BOARD
B
23Thursday, July 23, 1998
H:\PROJECT\ORCADWIN\9827\9827REFB.DSN
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
DVDD
DVDD
DVDD
DVDD
DVDD
DGND
DGND
DGND
DGND
DGND
ACK
RST
STROBE
RCLK
D7
WCLK1
D3
S1
D6
S0
D5
D1
D2
D0
SP
WEN
CISCLK
BLED
RLED
GLED
DB6/SDATA
WCLK2
ADCCLK
DB7/LD
DB5/SCLK
D4
AUTOFD
S2
SYNC
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D5
D6
D7
S1
S0
SP_PB
S2
R5 33
R6 33
R7 33
U5 Oscillator
NC
1
GND
2
OUT
3
V+
4
R19 33
R20 33
R21 33
R4 33
R23 33
C14
10uF
C15
0.1uF
C16
0.1uF
C17
0.01uF
C18
0.01uF
R9 2.2K
R10 2.2K
R11 2.2K
R12 2.2K
R13 2.2K
R14 2.2K
R15 2.2K
R16 2.2K
R17 2.2K
R18 2.2K
C19
0.01uF
C20
0.01uF
C13
0.1uF
C12
1uF
JP2
HEADER 3
1
2
3
S1
SW DIP-12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
17
16
15
14
1312
11
10
19
20
21
22
23
24 R8 2.2K
MACH435
U4
MACH435
DVDD1
2
DVDD2
21
DVDD3
42
DVDD4
44
DVDD5
63
DVDD6
84
DGND1
1
DGND2
11
DGND3
22
DGND4
32
DGND5
43
DGND6
53
DGND7
64
DGND8
74
CLK0
20
CLK1
23
I1
41
CLK2
62
CLK3
65
I2
83
IO0
3
IO1
4
IO2
5
IO3
6
IO4
7
IO5
8
IO6
9
IO7
10
IO8
12
IO9
13
IO10
14
IO11
15
IO12
16
IO13
17
IO14
18
IO15
19
IO16
24
IO17
25
IO18
26
IO19
27
IO20
28
IO21
29
IO22
30
IO23
31
IO24
33
IO25
34
IO26
35
IO27
36
IO28
37
IO29
38
IO30
39
IO31
40
IO39
52
IO38
51
IO37
50
IO36
49
IO35
48
IO34
47
IO33
46
IO32
45
IO47
61
IO46
60
IO45
59
IO44
58
IO43
57
IO42
56
IO41
55
IO40
54
IO55
73
IO54
72
IO53
71
IO52
70
IO51
69
IO50
68
IO49
67
IO48
66
IO63
82
IO62
81
IO61
80
IO60
79
IO59
78
IO58
77
IO57
76
IO56
75
R22 33

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TM
EXAR Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 Phone [phone], Fax [phone]
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20
XRD9827REF B
XRD9827 REFERENCE BOARD
B
33Thursday, July 23, 1998
H:\PROJECT\ORCADWIN\9827\9827REFB.DSN
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
AVDD
DVDD
AGND
AGND
AGND
DGND
DGND
DGND
DVDD
DGND
DGND
DVDD
DGND
DGND
DGND
DVDD
AVDDDVDD
DGND
WEN
RST
SP
CISCLK
RLED
GLED
BLED
RCLK
AUTOFD
ACK
STROBE
CISOUT
DB0
DB1
DB2
DB3
DB4
DB5/SCLK
DB6/SDATA
DB7/LD
VDCEXT
WCLK1
WCLK2
MSB
LSB
VCC
GND (ANALOG)
GND (FRAME)
RLED
GLED
BLED
CISCLK
SP
VREF
MODE
CISOUT
LED ANODE
O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
SP
CISCLK
RLED
GLED
BLED
STROBE AUTOFD
INIT
O7
O6
O5
O4
O3
O2
O1
O0
O7
O6
O5
O4
O3
O2
O1
O0
RGND
GGND
CISCLKN
BGND
SPN
O[7..0]
J2
DB25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
R24
300
R26
300
R28
10K
R29
10K
R30
10K
C25
0.1uF C26 0.01uF C27 0.01uF
JP4
HEADER 12 TO CIS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
C23
10uF
C30
47uF
C31
0.1uF
U7B
74HC04
3 4
U7C
74HC04
5 6
U7D
74HC04
9 8
U7F
74HC04
13 12
14
7
U7E
74HC04
11 10
U7A
74HC04
12
U6
CY7C4261
D5
1
D4
2
D3
3
D2
4
D1
5
D0
6
PAF*
7
PAE*
8
GND
9
REN1*
10
RCLK
11
REN2*
12
OE*
13
EF*
14
FF*
15
Q0
16
D8
30
D7
31
D6
32
Q1
17
Q2
18
Q3
19
Q4
20
Q5
21
Q6
22
Q7
23
Q8
24
DVDD
25
WEN2*
26
WCLK
27
WEN1*
28
RS*
29
U8
CY7C4261
D5
1
D4
2
D3
3
D2
4
D1
5
D0
6
PAF*
7
PAE*
8
GND
9
REN1*
10
RCLK
11
REN2*
12
OE*
13
EF*
14
FF*
15
Q0
16
D8
30
D7
31
D6
32
Q1
17
Q2
18
Q3
19
Q4
20
Q5
21
Q6
22
Q7
23
Q8
24
DVDD
25
WEN2*
26
WCLK
27
WEN1*
28
RS*
29
C21
0.1uF C22 0.1uF
R27 OPEN
R25
OPEN
JP3
JUMPER
1
2
3
C28
100uF
C24
1uF
Q1
NPN_TO18
2
1 3
Q2
NPN_TO18
2
1 3
Q3
NPN_TO18
2
1 3
R32 100
R33 100
R34 100
R31 100
C33
47uF
C29
0.1uF