Garmin GPS 45 User manual

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G P S 4 5 GPS45
Personal
NavigatorTM
Owner’s
Manual
&
Reference
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GPS 45
Personal NavigatorTM
OWNER’S MANUAL
i
Introduction
Foreword
Software Version 2.20 or above
© 1994 GARMIN INTERNATIONAL
9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying
and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of
GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in
the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such
changes or improvements.
April 1994
Part #190-00070-00 Rev. B
Printed in Taiwan.
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ii
CAUTION
The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which
is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under
development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and
performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 45 is a precision elec-
tronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinter-
preted, and therefore become unsafe.
Use the GPS 45 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation,
carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and thor-
oughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When
in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 45 to all available
navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual
sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before con-
tinuing navigation.
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harm-
ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Introduction
Cautions
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iii
Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator on the water! The
GPS 45 represents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide mariners
with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and user-friendly
design you’ll enjoy for years to come.
To get the most of your new GPS unit, it is important that you take the time
to read through this owner’s manual to understand the operating features of
the GPS 45. The manual is organized into two sections for your convenience:
Section One introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a
quick-start orientation to the GPS 45. It has been designed to acquaint you
with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit
in typical conditions.
Section Two provides a detailed reference to the advanced features and
operations of the GPS 45 in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate
on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that
you may not need.
Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 45. If you have any questions or
comments regarding the use of the GPS 45, our Product Support staff is
available to serve you at 1-800-800-1020 or 913-599-1515. You can also
reach our Product Support staff by FAX at 913-599-2103.
Preface
Introduction
Preface
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iv
Designed for easy operation, the GARMIN GPS 45 offers powerful features
that make marine navigation come alive in the palm of your hand:
Precision Performance
• MultiTrac8TM receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites simultaneously
for fast, accurate positioning
• Differential-Ready— just add the optional GBR 21 beacon receiver for
under 10 meter accuracy
• Waterproof, dry nitrogen-filled case for all-weather use
• Up to 20 hours of battery life on 4 AA alkaline cells in battery saver mode
Advanced Navigating and Plotting
• 250 alphanumeric waypoints
• List of 9 nearest waypoints
• 20 reversible routes
• MOB mode with bearing and distance to mark
• Moving Map Plotting with scales to 1/5th statute mile
• Graphic pages for Satellite Status, Position, Plotting and CDI Navigation
• Active graphic display of cardinal heading
Simple, One-Handed Operation
• Efficient 2-speed thumbkey control
• Weighs just 10 ounces with batteries
GPS 45 Capabilities
Introduction
Capabilities
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v
Before getting started with your new GPS receiver, check to see that your
GARMIN GPS 45 package includes the following items. If you are missing any
parts, please see your dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
• GPS 45 Receiver with Removable Antenna
• Carrying Case
• GPS 45 Owner’s Manual
• 4 AA Batteries
• Quick Reference Card
• Warranty Registration Card
Optional Accessories:
• Swivel Mounting Bracket
• Power/Data Cable
• Remote Mount Marine Antenna
• Low-Profile Automobile Antenna
• Cigarette Lighter Adapter
• PC Kit
See your local GARMIN dealer for optional accessories.
Introduction
Packing List
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1
SECTION ONE Getting Started
GPS Overview .............................................................................................................2
Basic Definitions..........................................................................................................3
Power On/Status and Position ..................................................................................4-5
Marking a Position ......................................................................................................6
Moving Map Basics......................................................................................................7
GOTO and Steering Guidance..................................................................................8-9
Pages and Menus.......................................................................................................10
Time Offset and Power Off........................................................................................11
Keypad Usage/Operation Flowcharts....................................................................12-14
SECTION TWO Reference
Satellite Status Page..............................................................................................15-16
Position Page Options ...............................................................................................17
Creating and Using Waypoints.............................................................................18-24
GOTOs and MOB Mode.......................................................................................25-26
Creating and Using Routes...................................................................................27-32
Moving Map Plotting............................................................................................33-36
Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions.....................................................................37-46
Battery and Antenna Installation................................................................................47
Appendix A—Glossary..............................................................................................48
Appendix B—Messages ........................................................................................49-50
Appendix C—Time Offset.........................................................................................51
Appendix D—Map Datums..................................................................................52-53
Appendix E—Maintenance and Specifications...........................................................54
Appendix F—Electrical Wiring and Installation ........................................................55
Appendix G—Mounting Bracket Installation........................................................56-57
Appendix H—Index.............................................................................................59-60
Table of Contents
Table
of
Contents
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2
What is GPS?
GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system developed
by the U. S. Department of Defense to provide a consistent, accurate method of
simplifying navigation. Originally designed for military applications, it also pro-
vides commercial and recreational users with 24-hour, worldwide navigation cover-
age with accuracy to 15 meters (49 feet).
How Does GPS Work?
GPS navigation uses satellite ranging to determine your position in relation to a
set of satellites orbiting the earth. The GPS constellation is made up of 24 satellites,
which continuously send radio signals containing precise position and time infor-
mation for each satellite back to earth.
By knowing the position of any 3 or 4 of these satellites and calculating various
time differences between the transmitted signals, your GPS receiver can determine
its present position anywhere on earth. And once you’re under way, your GPS con-
tinuously updates your position and provides speed and track information.
What are the Advantages of GPS Navigation?
For centuries, mariners have been searching for an accurate method of travelling
the world’s waterways. From celestial navigating to loran and SatNav, each system
has had its problems with weather, range and reliability.
GPS takes navigation to a higher level by providing accurate position and course
information, anywhere in the world, regardless of the weather or your proximity to
land. The accuracy and coverage of GPS navigation can help make your boating
safer, smarter and more efficient wherever you may travel.
Introduction
GPS Overview
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3
The GPS 45 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in
the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be help-
ful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.
Navigation is the process of traveling from one place to another and knowing
where you are in relation to your desired course.
Position is an exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.
Marine navigation is based on the latitude/longitude coordinate system.
Meridians of longitude are a set of imaginary circles around the earth that pass
through the north and south poles. Longitude describes position in terms of how
many degrees it is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0º longitude).
Parallels of latitude are another set of imaginary circles that are perpendicular
to the earth’s polar axis. Latitude describes position in terms of how many
degrees it is north or south of the equator (0º latitude).
A waypoint marks an exact position fix so it can be recalled for future use. The
GPS 45 lets you mark waypoints electronically, without physical landmarks.
Bearing is a compass direction to a particular destination (waypoint) from your
present position.
Track is a compass direction representing your course over ground.
Getting
Started
Basic
Definitions
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The first time you power up your new GPS 45 is
an important step in getting the best possible GPS
performance. The receiver must be given an oppor-
tunity to collect satellite almanac data and establish
its present position. This process can take 7 1/2-15
minutes, and is only necessary for first time opera-
tion or after memory loss.
Take the GPS 45 outside and find a large, open
area (try a nearby park) that has a clear view of the
sky from horizon to horizon.
Do your best to stay away from buildings or other
structures that could block the path of signals to
the receiver. Although GPS signals will travel
through glass and canvas biminis, they do not
travel through buildings, metal surfaces or other
significant structures.
You’re now ready to power up and discover the
world of GARMIN GPS navigation.
1. Rotate the antenna so it’s pointing up,
perpendicular to the ground.
2. Press the
B
key firmly
to turn the unit on.
The Welcome Page will be displayed while the
unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete,
the Welcome Page will be replaced by the Status
Page and the unit will begin acquiring satellite data.
While the GPS 45 is acquiring satellite data, relax
and browse through the rest of the Getting Started
section of the manual. If you’re new to GPS naviga-
tion, be sure to review the GPS Overview and Basic
Navigation Terms on pages 2 and 3.
To prevent accidental battery power loss, the
GPS 45 will automatically shut off 15 minutes after
the last keystroke if the unit is not tracking at least
one satellite and has never acquired a position fix.
4
Hold the receiver at a
comfortable height, at
arm’s length from your
body. If you prefer, find
a steady surface to set
the unit on while it
acquires satellites.
Welcome Page
⌃
Getting
Started
Power On
⌃
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The sky view will help you
determine if a satellite sig-
nal is being blocked by
buildings, mountains or
other obstructions. As
satellites are locked onto,
the sky view indicators
will change from a
reverse-video highlight
to a standard display.
If you encounter difficulty
acquiring satellite signals,
try facing another direc-
tion or walk towards a
clearer view of the horizon.
The GPS 45’s Status Page provides a visual refer-
ence of satellite acquisition and position. As the
receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar
will appear for each satellite in view, with the appro-
priate satellite number (1-32) underneath each bar.
The satellite sky view shows a bird’s eye view of
the position of each satellite relative to the unit’s last
known position. The outer circle represents the
horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the
horizon; and the center point directly overhead.
Once sufficient signals have been acquired, the
Status Page will be replaced with the Position Page.
The Position Page shows you where you are, what
direction you’re heading and how fast you are
going. The graphic display at the top of the page
indicates your cardinal heading (only while you’re
moving) with the track and speed indicated below.
The graphic compass display is designed to show
your current track and does not serve as a true
magnetic compass while you’re standing still.
The rest of the page shows your current position
in three dimensions: latitude, longitude and alti-
tude. The GPS 45 uses this basic information to
mark exact positions as waypoints, which help
guide you from one place to another.
5
⌃
Position Page
Getting
Started
Status &
Position
Status
Battery
Indicator
Satellite Sky
View
Horizontal
Accuracy
Signal Strength
Indicators
Satellite
Number
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Getting to know your new GPS is as easy as tak-
ing a quick stroll around an open outdoor area. To
get the most out of this tutorial, make sure to walk
for at least the time noted for each step. This way,
you’ll reduce the chances of staying within the
receiver’s margin of error. You’ll also get a much
better indication of the unit’s visual guidance and
mapping capabilities.
Once you’ve acquired a position, mark it as a
waypoint for future reference.
1. Press the
M
key to capture and hold your
present position.
The Mark Position Page appears, showing the
captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint
name. Let’s change the default name to something
that’s a little more meaningful.
1. Press the
U
key twice to move the field high-
light from the ‘save’ field to the name field.
2. Press the
E
key to begin entry of your way-
point name.
3. Press and hold the
U
key to scroll through the
alphabet until the letter ‘H’ appears.
4. Press the
R
key once to move the character
highlight to the next character space.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the word ‘HOME’
is displayed.
6. Press
E
to complete entry of the name.
7. Press the
D
key once to return the field high-
light to the ‘save’ field.
8. Press the
E
key to confirm that you want to
save the position as a waypoint named ‘HOME’.
The Mark Position Page will be replaced by the
page displayed prior to pressing the
M
key.
6
Getting
Started
Marking a
Position
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Now that you’ve marked a position, it’s time to
take off on a brisk walk and put your GPS 45
through its paces.
1. Walk in a straight line for 2-3 minutes at a fast
pace and watch the Position Page. You can time
your distance with the on-screen clock.
The direction you are moving (your track) and
your speed are displayed on the upper part of the
screen, just below the graphic compass display. The
latitude, longitude and approximate altitude of
your position are continuously displayed in the
center of the screen, with the time of day (in UTC
time, computed from the satellites) displayed below.
Now let’s change the display to the Moving Map
Page and watch the track of our trip:
1. Press the Pkey to change from the Position
Page to the Map Page.
Your current position is shown as the diamond in
the middle of the screen. The dark circle below the
diamond represents the position you created, with
the line between the two showing your track.
1. Now turn 90º to your right and walk at a fast pace
for another 2-3 minutes.
Notice how the display changes, always keeping
the direction you are moving at the top. 7
The Moving Map’s
default setting is track
up orientation. It can
also be set for north up
or desired track up ori-
entation through the
map setup page.
Map Page
Getting
Started
Moving Map
Basics
Heading
Display
Current
Track
Time of
Day
Speed
over
Ground
Position
Coordinates
Altitude
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Now let’s navigate back to our starting position,
the HOME waypoint.
1. Press the Gkey.
2. The Navigation Page will appear with the way-
point field highlighted.
3. Press the Uor Dkeys to scroll through
the available waypoints until ‘HOME’ is
displayed.
4. Press the Ekey to confirm that you want to
navigate to the displayed waypoint.
The GPS 45 will now guide you ‘HOME’.
As you begin walking again, the Navigation Page
will display nav data and graphic steering guid-
ance. The bearing and distance to waypoint, with
your current track and speed are displayed at the
top of the screen, with your estimated time enroute
(ETE) and velocity made good (VMG, or the rate you
are closing in on your destination) at the bottom.
As you head towards your destination, the mid-
dle section of the screen provides visual guidance
to your waypoint on a moving graphic ‘highway’.
The moving arrow just below the course deviation
scale always points to your selected waypoint
(HOME) relative to the direction you are moving.
8
The moving highway
provides a visual per-
spective of the distance
and direction to way-
point. The highway will
always move to ‘point’
in the general direction
of your destination, with
the relative distance
indicated by the angle
of the outside lines of
the highway.
Getting
Started
Going to a
Waypoint
Bearing to
Waypoint
Present
Track
Course
Deviation
Scale
Distance to
Waypoint
Speed
Over
Ground
Graphic
Highway
Velocity
Made Good
Estimated
Time
Enroute
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Your present position is represented by the dia-
mond in the center of the course deviation scale.
The line down the middle of the highway repre-
sents your desired track. As you navigate toward a
waypoint, the highway will actually move, indicat-
ing the direction you’re off course, relative to the
position diamond on the CDI scale. To keep your
vessel on the desired course, simply steer toward
the center of the highway.
If you do get off the desired course by more
than 1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact dis-
tance you are off course will be displayed where
the CDI scale setting normally appears (see the
example at right). As you approach a waypoint, a
horizontal ‘finish line’ will move toward the bot-
tom of the highway. When the finish line reaches
the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at your destination.
Whenever the GPS 45 has something it needs to
tell you, a message indicator box will flash on
screen. When you are less than one minute from
reaching your HOME waypoint, the message box
will begin flashing.
1. To view a message, press the Pkey when
the message indicator appears.
2. Press Pto return to the previous page.
9
Getting
Started
Steering
Guidance
Destination
Waypoint
Position
Indicator
Pointer to Waypoint
Desired
Track Line
Horizontal
Finish Line
In this example, you are
off the desired course to
the right by 0.19 n.m.
To get back on course.
steer left to center the
position diamond on
the highway.
This example shows
you are off the desired
course to the left by 0.08
n.m. To get back on
course. steer right to
center the position dia-
mond on the highway.
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Now that you’ve arrived ‘HOME’, scroll
through the main pages of the GPS 45.
1. Press the Pkey to scroll through the five
main pages in sequence.
2. Press the Qkey to scroll through pages in
the opposite direction.
The Menu Page allows you to view waypoint or
route information and customize various functions
of the GPS 45. To get a feel of how the Menu Page
works, let’s set the time of day for your location.
1. Press the Por Qkey until the Position
Page appears. Note the longitude of your cur-
rent position (the bottom position value).
2. Press the Por Qkey until the Menu Page
is displayed.
3. Press the Uor Dkey until ‘operation setup’
is highlighted.
4. Press the Ekey.
5 Press the Dkey until ‘offset’ is highlighted.
6. Press the Ekey.
Refer to the appendix C for the appropriate
UTC offset for your longitude. Remember to add
1 hour if you are in Daylight Savings Time.
Once you’ve found the appropriate time offset,
enter it in the offset field.
10
Getting
Started
Page Sequence
and Menus
Use the Page and Quit keys to continuously scroll through the main pages in either direction.
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To enter the time offset:
1. If you are entering a negative offset, press
the Lkey to move the character highlight to the
+/- field. Press Uto select a negative offset.
2. Press the Rkey to move to each character posi-
tion, and use the Uor Dkeys to enter an off-
set value in each position.
3. Press the Ekey to confirm your time offset.
4. Press the Pkey to return to the Menu Page.
Because time zone boundaries do not follow exact
meridians of longitude, there may be some
instances where the offset indicated does not
result in the correct time for your position. Simply
add or subtract the difference from the offset for
the correct time.
You’ve now gone through the basic operation
of your new GPS and probably know a little more
than you think about how it works. We encourage
you to experiment with the GPS 45 until it
becomes an extension of your own marine
navigation skills.
If you encounter any problems using the unit or
want to take advantage of the GPS 45’s advanced
features, refer to the operation flowcharts and the
reference section of this manual.
To turn the GPS 45 off:
1. Press and hold the Bkey for 3 seconds.
Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 45.
We hope that it will be a valuable navigation tool
for you, wherever your course may take you.
11
⌃
The power off count-
down appears right on
screen while you hold
the power button. This
countdown helps pre-
vent accidental shutoff
and loss of data.
Getting
Started
Time Offset
and Power Off
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12
The GPS 45’s two-speed thumbkey allows convenient, one-handed entry of
information. Press on a particular arrow key once to scroll through data
options slowly, press and hold an arrow key for faster scrolling.
• Use the up and down arrow keys to select alphanumerical characters and
menu choices and to move the field highlight from field to field.
• Use the left and right arrow keys to move the selected character field and
to move the field highlight from field to field.
G
The GOTO key changes the display to the Navigation Page with the way-
point field highlighted. Pressing GOTO twice activates the MOB mode.
B
The POWER key turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting.
To turn the unit off, press and hold the POWER key for 3 seconds.
Q
The QUIT key returns you to a previous page, or clears data entry, restoring
a data field’s previous value.
P
The PAGE key scrolls through main data pages in sequence and returns the
display from a submenu page to the previous page viewed. It also displays
the message screen when a message alert appears.
M
The MARK key captures a position and displays the Mark Position Page.
E
The ENTER key confirms data entry and on-screen responses. The ENTER
key also activates highlighted fields to allow data entry.
Getting
Started
Keypad Usage
UD
L R
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