Garmin GPS 95 STD Personal Navigator User manual

SM
GPS 95 STD
PERSONALNAVIGATORTM
OWNER'S MANUAL
KPTS
KOJC
KSGF

GPS 95 STD
Personal NavigatorTM
OWNER'S MANUAL

© 1993 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA
Printed in Taiwan.
Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthismanualmaybereproducedortransmitted
inanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying
and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of
GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reservestherighttochangeorimprovetheirproductsandtomakechanges
inthecontentwithoutobligationtonotifyany personororganizationof such
changes or improvements.
July, 1993 190-00054-00 Rev. A

i
PREFACE
GARMIN thanks you for selecting our high performance, full featured
Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 95 represents our continued commitment
to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely
accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit
for many years to come.
TheGPS95'sruggedconstructionandqualitycomponentsofferthereliability
demanded by the harshest operating environments. It may be used in
aircraft,marinevesselsandlandvehicles,aswellasbyhunters,hikers,and
militaryforces. Theunitmaybeoperatedportablyusingitsownbatterypack,
or it may use a 5-40 volt DC external power source for fixed mounted
applications. You can even use a 115- or 230-volt AC adaptor for planning
trips at home.
This manual and accompanying quick reference card provide complete
informationonsafelyoperatingtheGPS95toitsfullpotential. Asampletrip
hasbeen planned for you topractice your navigation skills using thebuilt-in
simulator. Afterwards, try a trip of your own to realize the value of the GPS
95 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or comments,
our Product Support Department is eager to serve you. GARMIN is fully
committed to your satisfaction as a customer.
GARMIN International, Inc.
9875 Widmer Road
Lenexa, KS 66215
1-800-800-1020
[phone]

ii
CAUTION
TheGPS system is operatedby the government of theUnited States which
issolelyresponsibleforitsaccuracyandmaintenance. Thesystemisunder
developmentandissubjecttochangeswhichcouldaffecttheaccuracyand
performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 95 is a precision
electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted,andthereforebecomeunsafe. UsetheGPS95atyourown
risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this
Owner'sManualandthoroughlypracticeoperationusingthesimulatormode
prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from
theGPS95toallavailablenavigationsourcesincludingtheinformationfrom
otherNAVAIDs,visualsightings,charts,etc. Forsafety,alwaysresolveany
discrepancies before continuing navigation.
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause
harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1-1
1.1 Capabilities 1-1
1.2 Basic Package 1-2
1.3 Optional Accessories 1-3
1.4 Operational Modes 1-4
2 GETTING STARTED 2-1
2.1 Front Panel 2-1
2.2 Softkey Operation 2-1
2.3 Cursor and Fields 2-2
2.4 Keypad Operation 2-2
2.5 Entering Data 2-4
2.6 Viewing Messages 2-5
2.7 Turning the GPS 95 On 2-5
2.8 Turning the GPS 95 Off 2-7
2.9 Learning to Use the GPS 95 2-7
3 WAYPOINTS 3-1
3.1 Waypoint Definition Page 3-2
3.2 Creating Waypoints 3-3
3.3 Waypoint List 3-5
3.4 Using Waypoints 3-6
3.5 Reviewing Waypoints 3-7
3.6 Proximity Alarm Waypoints 3-8
3.7 Nearest Waypoints 3-9
4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO 4-1
5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1
5.1 Navigation Summary Page 5-1
5.2 Map Display 5-3

iv
5.3 MapConfiguration 5-5
5.4 Present Position 5-6
5.5 Sample Trip 5-7
6 ROUTES 6-1
6.1 RouteDefinition 6-2
6.2 Creating and Copying Routes 6-3
6.3 Activating and Inverting Routes 6-4
6.4 Editing Routes 6-4
6.5 Deleting Routes 6-5
6.6 Active Route 6-5
6.7 Route List 6-6
7 AUTOSTORETM 7-1
7.1 Creating Waypoints with AutostoreTM 7-1
7.2 Building Routes with AutostoreTM 7-2
8 GPS STATUS AND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS 8-1
8.1 Bar Graph Display 8-2
8.2 Satellite Status Page 8-3
8.3 Satellite Skyview Page 8-4
8.4 Auxiliary Menu 8-4
8.5 OperatingMode/Filters 8-4
8.6 Track Log Setup 8-5
8.7 Units/Heading Setup 8-7
8.8 Alarms/CDI Setup 8-8
8.9 Date/Time 8-10
8.10 Audio and Display Setup 8-11
8.11 Interface Setup 8-12
8.12 Map Datum Selection 8-14
8.13 Messages 8-15
8.14 Density Altitude/True Airspeed/Winds Loft 8-15
8.15 Sunrise/Sunset Planning 8-16
8.16 Trip and Fuel Planning 8-17
8.17 Vertical Navigation Planning 8-18
9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES 9-1

v
APPENDICES
A MESSAGES A-1
B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B-1
B.1 Definitions B-1
B.2 Course To Steer (CTS) B-3
C INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C-1
C.1 Specifications C-1
C.2 Electrical Wiring C-3
C.3 Yoke Mount Installation C-4
C.4 Yoke Mount Operation C-6
C.5 Portable Antenna Installation C-8
C.6 Battery Pack Operation C-8
C.7 Maintenance C-10
C.8 Product Support C-10
D MAP DATUMS D-1
E UTC TIME TO LOCAL TIME OFFSET E-1
F INDEX F-1

1-1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95
1.1 CAPABILITIES
The GPS 95 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously
found only in much larger systems:
·Performance: MultiTracTM receiver tracks and uses up to eight
satellites with high sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation
updates.
·Portability: Goes anywhere - air, sea or land. Built-in simulator for
trip planning or practicing navigation skills anywhere.
·EaseofUse: Graphicscreensandintuitiveguidancefromthedisplay
offer ease of operation.
·Navigation: Stores500alphanumeric userwaypoints; 20reversible
routes of 30 waypoints each. GOTO function sets instantaneous
coursetowaypointofyourchoice. AutoStoreTM functionbuildsroutes
asyou go. A flashing message annunciatorkeeps you fully informed
of your navigation status.
·Personalized: Customizeyour unitby selectingdistanceandspeed
units,CourseDeviationIndicator(CDI)sensitivity,keypadanddisplay
features, map datums, and interface options.
·LowPower Consumption: BatterySaveroperationdrawslessthan
1.5 watts; provides up to four hours of continuous operation with the
AA battery pack.
·TripPlanning:Analyzedistance,time,andfuelrequirementsforyour
trip. Compute time of sunrise/sunset at your destination. Calculate
density altitude before you take off and true airspeed as you fly.
Verticalnavigationguidesyoutoyourcruisingaltitudeandputsyouin
the traffic pattern before landing.
·Alarms:AnalarmclockandtimerallowtheGPS95towatchtheclock
for you. Arrival and CDI alerts help you safely navigate your aircraft.
·Interfaces: Interface with PC-based moving map programs using
NMEA 0183 output, with Differential GPS (DGPS) receivers using
RTCM (SC-104 version 2.0) input, or with marine autopilots and

1-2
graphic plotters using NMEA 0180/0182/0183 outputs. An optional
PCkitisalsoavailabletodownloaduserwaypointsandroutestoyour
PC for permanent record.
We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in
simulator. ThiswillhelpyouquicklymasterthemanyfeaturesoftheGPS95.
1.2 BASIC PACKAGE
Your GARMIN GPS 95 basic package includes:
· GPS 95 Unit
· AA Battery Pack
· Detachable Antenna
· Remote Antenna Cable w/Suction Cup Mount
· Yoke Mount
· Surface Mount
· Carrying Case
· Self-coiling Power/Data Cable
· Cigarette Lighter Adaptor
· Permanent Installation Wire Harness
· Lanyard
· Battery Terminal Cover
· Owner's Manual
· Quick Reference Card
· Warranty Card
ThebasicpackageallowsyoutouseyourGPS95forbothportableandfixed
operations. The unit may be operated from the AA battery pack, or from an
external power source (5-40VDC) using the cigarette lighter adapter or
permanent installation wire harness.
Handheld Operation:
Forhandheldoperation,the GPS95ispoweredby aAAbatterypack which
should be filled with four high quality alkaline batteries commonly found in
retail stores. The detachable antenna is placed directly on the right side of
the unit. The carrying case will protect your GPS 95 when the unit is not is
use.
In order to track GPS satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna
pointedstraight up andshould not be blockedby objects orpeople. (Signal
receptionthroughthinfabric,suchascanvas,maybeadequatebutdegraded.)

1-3
When using the GPS 95 inside the cockpit it may be desirable to use the
remote antenna cable for better satellite visibility. The detachable antenna
isremovedfromtheGPS95andreplacedbyoneendoftheremoteantenna
cable. The antenna is then placed on the other end of the cable and, using
thesuctioncupmount,issituatedwherethebestsatellitevisibilityispossible.
Youmayneedtoexperimenttodeterminethebestlocationfor theantenna.
(See Appendix C for removal of the detachable antenna.)
A lanyard is provided to prevent accidental dropping of your GPS 95.
Connect the lanyard to the eyelet on the back (at the top) of the unit
Fixed Mount Operation:
A surface mount is supplied for panel mount installation. The lower half of
the surface mount is also used with the yoke mount. (See Appendix C for
instructions on yoke mount installation.) The unit may be operated using
aircraft power through the cigarette lighter adaptor or the permanent
installation wire harness. Note that there are three cable assemblies (not
countingtheremoteantennacable). Theself-coilingpower/datacableplugs
directlyintothebackoftheGPS95. Theotherendoftheself-coilingpower/
data cable plugs into either the cigarette lighter adapter or the permanent
installation wire harness, according to your needs or preferences.
Whileusingaircraftpower,youmaywishtoleavethebatterypackontheunit.
Inthe event ofaircraft power failure,the GPS 95will automatically switchto
battery power. If you do not desire to leave the battery pack on the unit, a
battery terminal cover is supplied to protect the battery contacts. Remove
the battery pack from the GPS 95 and slide the battery terminal cover on in
its place. (See Appendix C for removal of the battery pack.)
In addition to supplying power to the unit, the permanent installation wire
harnessallowsyoutointerfaceyourGPS95withaPC-compatiblecomputer
or an ARGUSTM unit. When connected to a PC-compatible computer, the
GPS 95 will provide navigation information for many of the of the popular
moving map programs. (See Appendix C for connection of the GPS 95 to
other devices.)
1.3 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:
· Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit
· PC Software Kit

1-4
Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit:
A rechargeable NiCad battery kit is available for use with the GPS 95. This
kit includes a rechargeable NiCad battery, an AC adaptor and a drop-in
chargerbase. Usingthedrop-inchargerbase,theNiCadbatteryischarged
in12-14hours(nottoexceed24hours). TherechargeableNiCadbatterykit
allows you to use the GPS 95 portably for extended periods.
PC Software Kit:
ThePC SoftwareKit allowsyoutodownloadroute, waypointand trackdata
from the GPS 95 to your PC-compatible computer. You may also edit this
data and upload it back into the GPS 95. With the software kit you can plot
datafilesand/ordisplaycurrentpositioninreal-timeonagridmap. Datafiles
can be printed for future reference. For planning purposes, the software kit
provides animated satellite orbit displays and allows you to print a satellite
visibility chart. The software kit includes both 3.5" and 5.25" diskettes, an
instruction manual and a PC interface cable.
1.4 OPERATIONAL MODES
While using your GPS 95, you may select from one of three operational
modes: Normal or Battery Saver modes for actual navigation, or Simulator
mode for practicing/trip planning. In Normal and Battery Saver modes,
typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If you have used your unit
within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.) In Simulator mode the
GPS95willnotacquiresatellites,butwilldisplayapositionbasedonthelast
known location or any other position that you designate.
Normalmodeofferscontinuousnavigationupdatesandshouldbeselected
whentheGPS95willbeusedinahighdynamicsenvironment(i.e.,frequent
speed and heading changes). The GPS 95 will typically operate up to two
hoursusingtheAAbatterypack,oruptofivehoursusingtheoptionalNiCad
battery pack.
BatterySavermode,suitableformostapplications,offerspositionupdates
that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 95 will
typically operate up to four hours using the AA battery pack, or up to eight
hours using the optional NiCad battery pack.
Simulator mode allows you to simulate the operation of the GPS 95 while
athomeorinyouroffice. Thesimulatormodecanbeselectedwhilelearning
touseyour GPS95and isideal forplanningroutes andenteringwaypoints.
KeepinmindthattheGPS95isnottrackingsatellitesinthesimulatormode.
YOUSHOULDNEVERATTEMPTTOUSETHESIMULATORMODEFOR
ACTUAL NAVIGATION.

2-1
STAT
STO
ABC
1
JKL
4
STU
79
MNO
5
VWX
8
0
DEF
2GHI
3
PQR
6
YZ
-
NAV
RTE
ENT
WPT
CLR
PWR
GOTO
AUTO
TINASTINKS
Softkeys
Page Annunciator
CHAPTER 2
GETTING STARTED
2.1 FRONT PANEL
Thefrontpanelconsistsofa20-keykeypadwitha85x64-pixelLCDdisplay.
Both the display and keypad may be illuminated for nighttime operation.
2.2 SOFTKEY OPERATION
InformationdisplayedontheLCDiscommonlyreferredtoasa“page.” The
GPS95 workswith softkeyoperation. Atthebottomof thescreen isa listof
pageoptions. Toselectadifferentpage,presstheappropriatesoftkeybelow
thedesiredoption. Pleasenotethatthepageoptionsmustbehighlightedin
order to use the softkeys. On the bottom line, extreme right, is the page
annunciator which indicates the current page you are viewing.
Message Annunciator
Page Options

2-2
2.3 CURSOR AND FIELDS
The area of the page which is highlighted in reverse video is called the
cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields
whichallowyoutoenterdataorchangeoptions. Youwillencounterfivetypes
of fields.
·Numeric fields accept numbers only.
·Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters.
·Cyclic fieldsallow selection from several available options. A cyclic
field is preceded by a prompt ( ). You may cycle through the choices
by pushing CLR.
·Confirmationfieldsallowyoutoindicateyourapproval. Forexample,
you will be asked to confirm that you want to delete a waypoint.
Confirmation fields always end with a “?” character. Press ENT to
approve the confirmation field.
·Bar fields allow an adjustable scale entry with the length of the bar
representingtheminimumtomaximumsetting. Usethearrowkeysto
make adjustments in bar fields.
2.4 KEYPAD OPERATION
ThePWR/STATkeyisa dualfunctionkeythatcontrolsunit power
and system status. Pressing this when the unit is off will turn the
unit on. To turn the unit off, press and hold PWR/STAT until the
display is blank.
PressingPWR/STATmomentarilywhiletheunitisonwilltakeyou
tothestatuspages. (SeeChapter 8.) Ifthemessageannunciator
isflashingandthetonesounds,youmaypushPWR/STATtoview
the message.
Cyclic Field Confirmation Field Bar Field
STAT
PWR

2-3
Pressing GOTO allows you to instantly define a destination
waypoint and plot a course from present position to that
destination. (See Chapter 4.)
Pressing AUTOSTOre allows you to capture your present
position instantaneously. (See Chapter 7.)
Pressing NAV allows you to view position and navigation
information as well as the Map Display. (See Chapter 5.)
The WPT key allows you to create, edit, delete, and rename
user waypoints. The WPT key also allows you to view nearest
waypoints or define proximity waypoints. (See Chapter 3.)
The RTE key allows you to create, edit, review, activate, and
delete routes. (See Chapter 6.)
Pressingeitherofthearrowkeysallowsyoutomovethe
cursor,scrollthroughinformationlists,andenterletters
of the alphabet.
The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter letters and
numbers. Use the arrow keys to select the desired
letter or number from a given alphanumeric key.
Pressing this key while the cursor is not on a numeric or
alphanumeric field allows you to change the backlight level.
There are two backlighting levels. On an alphanumeric field,
pressing this key allows you to enter a blank space or a zero.
Pressing CLR erases information in the cursor field. If the
cursor is over a cyclic field, pressing CLR will toggle through
several available options.
Pressing ENT confirms an entry or selection.
NAV
WPT
GOTO
STO
AUTO
RTE
ENT
CLR
0

2-4
2.5 ENTERING DATA
You may enter data such as waypoint identifiers and user waypoint
coordinates on certain pages. To enter data you must first move the
cursor to the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key. A data
entryoperationiscompletedbypressingtheENTkey. Ifanerrorismade
duringthedataentryprocess,presstheCLRkeytoremovetheerroneous
character.
To enter a number...
· Pressthekeythatislabeledwiththedesirednumber. Thenumbers
willfill infrom the rightside ofthe field andmove tothe leftaseach
new number is entered. For example, if you wish to enter “51” in a
threespacefield,youmustpressthe5and1keysinthatorder. You
donothavetoenteraleadingzero. (Note: Whenenteringnumbers
in an alphanumeric field press the key that is labeled with the
desired number, then press the right or left arrow key twice.)
· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect number.
· PressENTwhenyouhavefilledallsignificantdigitsofthefieldwith
numbers.
To enter a letter...
· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.
· Presstheright orleftarrow keyuntil thedesiredletter isdisplayed.
· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect letter.
· Press ENT when all the characters are entered.
TheGPS95featuresakeypadfeedbacktonewhichwillsoundeachtime
youpressakey. Ifyouenterdatawhichisnotappropriateforthefield,the
feedback tone will quickly sound three times indicating an error. The
keypad feedback tone can be turned off if you wish. (See Section 8.10.)

2-5
2.6 VIEWING MESSAGES
From time to time, the GPS 95 will use a message to tell you of conditions
needing attention. When the GPS 95 has a new message, the MSG
annunciatorwillflash. Whenthisoccurs,pressPWR/STAT toviewthe new
message(s). PressPWR/STATagaintoseethepageyouwereviewingprior
to reading the message. (See Appendix A for a complete list of GPS 95
messages.)
WhiletheMSGannunciatorisflashing,theGPS95willalsogenerateatone
to alert you of the message. (If your unit is connected to an external alarm,
it will also be activated.) Messages that demand immediate attention such
asan arrivalalarm generate aquick tone thatwill not stopuntil youview the
message. All other messages generate a slow tone that will cease after 15
seconds. The message tone may be turned off if you wish. (See Section
8.10.)
Important messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed.
If this occurs, the MSG annunciator will be in view but will not flash. (If no
messages exist, the MSG annunciator will not be visible.) To review these
messages,pressPWR/STATtorevealthestatusmenuoptions. Thenpress
the key underneath the “AUX” page option. With the arrow keys, highlight
“Messages” and press ENT.
2.7 TURNING THE GPS 95 ON
When the GPS 95 is turned on it will automatically perform internal checks
to ensure proper operation, begin acquiring satellites, and once a sufficient
number are received, display your present position. To see this power on
sequence, take the GPS 95 outside to a location that is well away from
buildings and other structures that might limit its view of the sky.
AfteryouturnyourGPS95on,itwillconductaseriesofselftestsanddisplay
the following notice:

2-6
Following completion of the tests, the
Satellite Bar Graph Page will be
displayed and the GPS 95 will begin
acquiringsatellites.
After a position is found (and if no keys
havebeen pressed), the PositionPage
willbedisplayedandtheunitisreadyfor
normal operation. The process of
satellite acquisition is fully automatic
and, under normal circumstances, will
takeapproximately2-3minutestoobtain
navigation information. (If the unit has
been used in the past hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.) If the GPS
95hasbeenmovedaconsiderabledistancesinceitwaslastused,additional
time may be required as the unit performs an AutoLocateTM . AutoLocateTM
will automatically locate satellites and compute your position regardless of
your location or where the unit was last used.
Whenfour or more satelliteswith good geometry are available,the GPS 95
will automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude and
altitude are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will
operatein2Dmodeinwhichonlylatitudeandlongitudearecomputed. When
operatinginthe2Dmode,theunitwillusethelastcomputedaltitudeoryour
lastenteredaltitude. (Section5.4describeshowyoumayenterthealtitude.)
YourGPS95willautomaticallyupdatesatelliteorbitaldataasitoperates. If
youhavenotoperatedyourunitforaperiodofsixmonthsorlonger,itwilltake
approximately15minutestosearchtheskyandcollectneworbitaldata. You
will be informed when your unit is searching the sky with the message
“SearchingtheSky.” Oncesatelliteorbitaldataiscollected, itwillbestored
in memory. The memory is maintained by an internal battery, therefore the
data will not be lost when you turn your GPS 95 off or remove the battery
pack.

2-7
Ifthe GPS 95cannot acquire enoughsatellites for 2Dor 3D navigation,you
will be informed with the message “Poor GPS coverage”. If this situation
occurs,makesuretheantennaisproperlyconnectedandnotobstructedby
nearby buildings or other structures.
2.8 TURNING THE GPS 95 OFF
To turn the GPS 95 off, press and hold
the PWR/STAT key.
TheOffPagewillbedisplayed,theGPS
95willperformacountdownand,aftera
brief delay, will shut off. All user
waypoints,routes,andsetupinformation
thatyouhaveenteredwillbemaintained
while the unit is off - even if the battery
pack is removed.
2.9 LEARNING TO USE THE GPS 95
If you are using the GPS 95 for the first time, you are encouraged to read
Chapter 3 which introduces the GPS 95's waypoint features, Chapter 4 on
the use of the GOTO key, and Chapter 5 for navigating to a waypoint. A
sampletripisincludedinChapter5togetyoustartedontheuseoftheGOTO
key and the various navigation pages available on your GPS 95. You may
alsowanttoreadChapter8oncustomsetupstoconfiguretheGPS95toyour
preferences. Afterward,youmaywanttoreadthroughtherestofthismanual
and make further use of the built-in simulator to practice with the advanced
features.

3-1
CHAPTER 3
WAYPOINTS
TheGPS95allowsyoutostoreupto500userwaypoints. Abasicwaypoint
consists of an identifier (up to six letters and/or numbers) and its location.
You will have the opportunity to use waypoints extensively while operating
the GPS 95. For example, you can build a route using waypoints, you can
perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you can even calculate the
time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest.
The GPS 95 features four primary waypoint pages. You may select the
desired page by pressing WPT and, if needed, the appropriate softkey.
Proximity Waypoint Page Waypoint List Page
Nearest Waypoint Page Waypoint Definition Page
WPT