Garmin Forerunner 225 Use and care manual

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Technical Reference
for Garmin®
NMEA 2000®Products

© 2009 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street,
Olathe, Kansas 66062, USA
Tel. [phone] or [phone]
Fax [phone]
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Liberty House
Hounsdown Business Park,
Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9RB UK
Tel. [phone] (outside the UK)
0808 2380000 (within the UK)
Fax [phone]
Garmin Corporation
No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road,
Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
March 2009 Part Number 190-00891-00 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan
All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage
medium, for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual onto a hard drive or
other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual must
contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without
obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. Visit the Garmin Web site (www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental
information concerning the use and operation of this and other Garmin products.
Garmin
®
, the Garmin logo, and GPSMAP
®
are trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries, registered in the USA and other countries. GFS™, GWS™, GHP™, GXM™
Intelliducer™, are trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. These trademarks may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.
NMEA 2000
®
and the NMEA 2000 logo are registered trademarks of the National Maritime Electronics Association.

Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products iii
Introduction
Introduction
A NMEA 2000 network consists of connected NMEA 2000 devices that communicate using basic plug-and-play functionality. This technical
reference provides basic NMEA 2000 component identication, basic NMEA 2000 network-building instructions, and a list of NMEA 2000-
specic data used with Garmin NMEA 2000-certied displays and sensors.
The rst section, NMEA 2000 Fundamentals, provides descriptions of the NMEA 2000 connectors and cables sold by Garmin, and the
fundamental concepts of installing a NMEA 2000 network on your boat.
The second section, General NMEA 2000 Data Type Requirements, provides a table to help you determine which NMEA 2000 sensors
provide the particular data type you want.
The last two sections provide Parameter Group Number (PGN) information for Garmin chartplotters and marine instruments as well as
conguration and PGN information for Garmin NMEA 2000 sensors. These sections contain PGN and conguration information for the
following products:
GPSMAP
®
4/5000 Series chartplotters
GMI
™
10
GFS
™
10
Intelliducers
™
GWS
™
10
GHP
™
10 (CCU and GHC
™
10)
GXM
™
51
VHF 200
NOTE: PGN information is also included in the installation instructions provided with the Garmin NMEA 2000-certied device. Sensor conguration
information is also included in a Sensor Conguration Guide provided with each Garmin NMEA 2000-certied sensor.
At the end is a checklist. Use this checklist when installing a NMEA 2000 network to be sure you have correctly followed installation-
critical procedures.
Contact Garmin
If you experience difculty installing a NMEA 2000 network, or have other questions about NMEA 2000-certied Garmin devices, contact
Garmin Product Support or a certied NMEA 2000 technician. In the USA, go to www.garmin.com/support, or contact Garmin USA by phone
at [phone] or [phone].
In the UK, contact Garmin (Europe) Ltd. by phone at 0808 2380000.
In Europe, go to www.garmin.com/support and click Contact Support for in-country support information, or contact Garmin (Europe) Ltd. by
phone at +44 (0) 870.8501241.
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iv Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................................... iii
Contact Garmin......................................................................................................................................................................................................iii
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Garmin NMEA 2000 Device Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
NMEA 2000 Components........................................................................................................................................................................................................2
Building a NMEA 2000 Network............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Linear Backbone Construction ................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Power Connection and Distribution.........................................................................................................................................................................................5
Examples ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Proper Termination..................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
Cable Length and Device Limits .............................................................................................................................................................................................8
Existing NMEA 2000 Installation Considerations ................................................................................................................................................... 8
NMEA 2000 Glossary............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
General NMEA 2000 Data Type Requirements................................................................................................................................ 9
NMEA 2000-Certied Display Device PGN Information ............................................................................................................... 13
GPSMAP 4000/5000 Series Chartplotters ............................................................................................................................................................................13
GMI 10 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
NMEA 2000-Certied Sensor PGN Information ............................................................................................................................ 15
GPS 17x (GPS Antenna) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
GFS 10 (Garmin Fuel Sensor) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Intelliducer (Intelligent Depth Transducer–Transom Mount and Thru-Hull) ......................................................................................................... 15
GWS 10 (Garmin Wind Sensor)........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
GHP 10 (Marine Autopilot System) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
CCU ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
GHC 10 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
GXM 51................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
VHF 200............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
NMEA 2000-Certied Sensor Conguration Information............................................................................................................. 18
GPS 17x (GPS Antenna) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Enabling and Disabling WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)/EGNOS (Euro Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) .........................................18
Setting the Speed Filter.........................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Refreshing GPS Satellite Acquisition ....................................................................................................................................................................................18
Restoring Factory Default Settings .......................................................................................................................................................................................18
GFS 10 (Garmin Fuel Sensor) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Using Fuel-Flow Information With a Garmin Chartplotter or Marine Instrument ...................................................................................................................19
Changing the Fuel Economy Source ....................................................................................................................................................................................19
Using Fuel-Level Information With a Garmin Chartplotter or Marine Instrument ..................................................................................................................19
Conguring Engine and Tank Information .............................................................................................................................................................................20
Troubleshooting Fuel Gauge Type ........................................................................................................................................................................................20
Troubleshooting the Fuel-Flow Rate .....................................................................................................................................................................................20
Restoring Factory Default Settings .......................................................................................................................................................................................20
Intelliducer (Intelligent Depth Transducer–Transom Mount and Thru-Hull) ......................................................................................................... 21
Setting the Keel Offset ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................21
GWS 10 (Garmin Wind Sensor)........................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Conguring the Wind Angle Offset (Orientation) ...................................................................................................................................................................22
Conguring the Wind Speed Filter ........................................................................................................................................................................................22
Conguring the Wind Angle Filter..........................................................................................................................................................................................22
Conguring the GWS 10 if the Filter and Offset Selections Are Not Displayed ....................................................................................................................22
NMEA 2000 Checklist ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products 1
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
A NMEA 2000 network is made of connected NMEA 2000 devices that communicate using basic plug-and-play functionality.
If your boat already contains a NMEA 2000 network and you would like to add Garmin NMEA 2000 components, see page 8.
For a glossary of commonly used NMEA 2000 terms, see page 8.
After you have installed your NMEA 2000 network, use the checklist on page 25 to verify the installation.
Garmin NMEA 2000 Device Overview
Garmin uses NMEA 2000 micro connectors on units, sensors, and T-connectors that are compatible with other NMEA 2000 micro connectors,
cables, and NMEA 2000-compatible devices. Garmin sensors may be packaged with a drop cable and a T-connector. Garmin displays may also
include additional NMEA 2000 components (such as a power cable). The NMEA 2000 components included with a Garmin sensor or display
are listed in the product documentation. A diagram on the product box shows which NMEA 2000 components are included.
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Sample Box Diagram (GFS 10)
In the sample box diagram, a complete NMEA 2000 network is shown, and the parts included with the sensor are shaded. In this example, a
T-connector is included with a Garmin GFS 10 fuel sensor. A NMEA 2000 power cable, terminators, an additional drop/backbone cable, and
additional T-connectors are not included with a GFS 10 fuel sensor. The GFS 10 fuel sensor, as shown by the shaded components on the box
diagram, is intended to be connected to an existing NMEA 2000 network on your boat. If you do not have a NMEA 2000 network on your boat,
this guide will help you assemble one.

2 Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
NMEA 2000 Components
The main components of a NMEA 2000 network are T-connectors, terminators, backbone/drop cables, and a power cable. The following cables,
connectors, and terminators are sold by Garmin, and as of January 2009, they are NMEA 2000 approved. NMEA 2000-approved cables sold by
Garmin feature the NMEA 2000 logo on the tag with the part number.
T-connector Male Terminator Female Terminator In-line Terminator
010-11078-00 (Garmin part number) 010-11080-00 010-11081-00 010-11096-00
Power Cable
010-11079-00 (2 meters [6.5 feet]) (3 A fuse included)
Backbone/Drop Cable
305 millimeters (1 foot) 010-11076-03
2 meters (6.5 feet) 010-11076-00
6 meters (20 feet) 010-11076-01
10 meters (33 feet) (backbone only) 010-11076-02
30 meter spool (98.5 feet) (backbone only) 010-11171-01
Specialty Cable/Connectors
Right-angle drop-cable, 2 meters (6.5 feet) (pictured) 010-11089-00
Field-installable connector - Male* (not pictured) 010-11094-00
Field-installable connector - Female* (not pictured) 010-11095-00
NMEA 2000 network power switch (not pictured) K00-00368-00
NMEA 2000 in-line lightning arrestor** (not pictured) 010-11171-02
* The eld-installable connectors are used to create custom-length drop cables and custom-length backbone extension cables. The eld-installable connectors can be used to
shorten any Garmin NMEA 2000 drop/backbone cable.
** The gray in-line lightning arrestor is designed to help prevent damage due to nearby lightning strikes, but it is not able to protect against direct lightning strikes. Garmin is
not responsible for lightning-strike related damage.
NOTE: All male/female connections are interchangeable. Ensure that the T-connectors are used properly when constructing your NMEA 2000 network.
See page 4.

Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products 3
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
Building a NMEA 2000 Network
The main communication channel of a NMEA 2000 network is a backbone to which your NMEA 2000 devices connect. Each NMEA 2000
device connects to the backbone with a T-connector. The NMEA 2000 backbone must be connected to power, and terminators must be installed
at both ends for the network to function correctly.
When you design a NMEA 2000 network, start by creating a diagram of the network. When creating the diagram, be as detailed as possible:
Include all of the devices you intend to connect to your network
Note the approximate location of the backbone and devices on your boat
Measure the distances between devices and the backbone, as well as the overall length of the backbone
Note the power consumption of each device (Load Equivalency Number)
Sample NMEA 2000 Network
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Ignition or
in-line switch
T-connector
Male
terminator
Power cable
Battery - 12 Vdc
Backbone extension cable
Female
terminator
Drop cable
Intelligent transducer
Fuel sensor Marine instrument
Chartplotter
NMEA 2000 backbone
Fuse
NOTE: This diagram illustrates the NMEA 2000 data connections to each device or sensor. Some devices or sensors can be powered by the NMEA
2000 network; others may require a separate power connection. Consult the installation instructions for each device you connect to your NMEA 2000
network to be sure you supply power to the device appropriately.
When building a NMEA 2000 network, you must follow certain rules to make sure your NMEA 2000 network functions correctly. Be sure to
understand the following concepts:
Linear backbone construction (page 4)
Power connection and distribution (page 5)
Proper termination (page 7)
Cable length and device limits (page 8)
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4 Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
Linear Backbone Construction
Use the NMEA 2000 T-connectors to construct your NMEA 2000 backbone, and extend the backbone with appropriate lengths of backbone
cable if necessary. Use one T-connector per device. Use the sides of the T-connector to construct the backbone of the NMEA 2000 network, and
use the top of the T-connector to attach a NMEA 2000 device. By using only the sides of the T-connectors to construct the backbone, you create
a linear construction to your NMEA 2000 network. T-connectors can be separated by backbone cables or connected directly together.
Although the male and female connectors on the T-connectors and backbone cables will t on all sides of a T-connector, it is very important to
use only the top of the T-connector to attach NMEA 2000 devices, not to attach other T-connectors or backbone cables.
Correct Linear Backbone Construction
CORRECT
To NMEA 2000 devices
and power
Male
terminator
Female
terminator
Backbone extension cable
Incorrect Linear Backbone Construction
INCORRECT
To NMEA 2000 devices
and power
Male
terminator
(also installed
incorrectly)
Male
terminator
T-connector
installed incorrectly
Backbone extension cable

Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products 5
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
Power Connection and Distribution
Your NMEA 2000 network must be connected to a 12 Vdc power supply. Do not connect your NMEA 2000 network to any other voltage
source, such as a 24 Vdc power supply. Use a NMEA 2000 power cable to connect your NMEA 2000 backbone to the auxiliary power switch
on your boat. If you do not have an auxiliary power switch, or if connecting to the auxiliary power switch causes electrical interference, connect
the NMEA 2000 power cable directly to the battery and install an in-line switch.
CAUTION: If you connect the NMEA 2000 network to your battery without an in-line switch, it may drain your battery.
Be sure to ground the NMEA 2000 power cable. Connect the bare shield-drain wire to the same location as the ground (black) wire.
The Garmin NMEA 2000 power cable connects to a T-connector like other drop cables. Be sure to connect the NMEA 2000 power cable to the
top of a T-connector; never connect the NMEA 2000 power cable to the side of a T-connector. You can connect power either at the end of your
NMEA 2000 network or in the middle. When planning where to place the power cable and the T-connector on your NMEA 2000 network, you
will need to evaluate how the NMEA 2000 devices connected to your network use power. The NMEA 2000 network will work properly when
there is no more than a 3 Vdc drop in the supply voltage between the power source and the NMEA 2000 device located farthest from the power
source on the NMEA 2000 network. To determine the voltage drop in your NMEA 2000 network, use this equation:
Voltage Drop = Cable resistance (ohms/m)* × Distance (from the battery to the farthest device, in meters) × Network Load** × 0.1
* Garmin cable resistance value = 0.053
** Network Load = the sum of Load Equivalent Numbers (LEN) between the battery and the end of the network. The LEN for each device should be visible on
the device, or provided in the documentation for the device.
If you calculate a voltage drop of 3.0 Vdc or less, then you can connect power to either the end or the middle of your NMEA 2000 network,
and it will function correctly.
If you calculate a voltage drop of more than 3.0 Vdc, you must connect power to the middle of your NMEA 2000 network. The location will
depend on the network load and distance from the battery. Try to balance the voltage drop equally on both sides of the power connection.
If a voltage drop of under 3.0 Vdc is not possible on your NMEA 2000 network, contact a professional installer.
Examples
The following examples show a correctly designed, end-powered NMEA 2000 network; an incorrectly designed NMEA 2000 network; and a
redesign of the incorrectly designed NMEA 2000 network to correctly balance power on the network.
End-powered NMEA 2000 network, correctly designed:
CORRECT
+-
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 4
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 5
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 7
Power cable
Length = 2 m
Drop cable
Length = 2 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
Backbone cable
Length = 10 m
Backbone cable
Length = 10 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
When the voltage-drop formula is applied to this example, we
see that the voltage drop is less than 3.0 Vdc. This NMEA 2000
network will function correctly when powered at the end.
Voltage Drop = 0.053 × (2 + 10 + 10 + 6) × (4 + 5 + 7) × 0.1 = 2.37 Vdc
Distance Network load
Cable
resistance
Distance Network load
Cable
resistance
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6 Technical Reference for Garmin NMEA 2000 Products
NMEA 2000 Fundamentals
End-powered NMEA 2000 network, incorrectly designed:
INCORRECT
+-
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 4
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 5
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 7
Power cable
Length = 2 m
Drop cable
Length = 2 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
Backbone cable
Length = 20 m
Backbone cable
Length = 10 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
When the voltage drop formula is applied to this example, we see
that the voltage drop is greater than 3.0 Vdc, so this NMEA 2000
network will not function correctly when powered at the end.
Voltage Drop = 0.053 × (2 + 20 + 10 + 6) × (4 + 5 + 7) × 0.1 = 3.22 Vdc
Distance Network load
Cable
resistance
Distance Network load
Cable
resistance
This NMEA 2000 network must be redesigned with the power connected to the center of the network in order to function correctly.
Middle-powered NMEA 2000 network, correctly designed:
CORRECT
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NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 4
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 5
NMEA 2000-
compliant device
LEN = 7
Power cable
Length = 2 m
Drop cable
Length = 2 m
Backbone cable
Length = 10 m
Backbone cable
Length = 20 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
Drop cable
Length = 6 m
When the NMEA 2000 network is redesigned with the power source in the center, you calculate the voltage drop in both directions. If the
T-connector to which you connect the power source is connected directly to another T-connector (as shown in this example), use the LEN from
that device as part of the calculation for both directions.
Voltage Drop Left = 0.053 × (2 + 20 + 2) × (4 + 5) × 0.1 = 1.145 Vdc
Voltage Drop Right = 0.053 × (2 + 10 + 6) × (5 + 7) × 0.1 = 1.145 Vdc
Distance Network load
Cable
resistance Distance Network load
Cable
resistance
When the voltage drop formula is applied to both the left and right
sides of the power source in this example, we see that the voltage drop
is less than 3.0 Vdc on each side, so the NMEA 2000 network will
function correctly.
NOTE: The equation and examples provide conservative estimates for calculating voltage drop.