HP Enterprise FlexNetwork 10500 Series User manual

HPE FlexNetwork 10500 Switch Series
Fundamentals Configuration Guide
P
art number: 5200-1887a
Software
version: 10500-CMW710-R7557P01
Document version: 6W101-20171020

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Contents
Using the CLI·································································································1
CLI views····························································································································································1
Entering system view from user view·········································································································2
Returning to the upper-level view from any view ·······················································································2
Returning to user view ·······························································································································2
Accessing the CLI online help····························································································································2
Using the undo form of a command···················································································································3
Entering a command··········································································································································4
Editing a command line······························································································································4
Entering a text or string type value for an argument··················································································4
Entering an interface type··························································································································5
Abbreviating commands·····························································································································6
Configuring and using command aliases···································································································6
Configuring and using command hotkeys··································································································7
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands····································································8
Understanding command-line error messages··································································································9
Using the command history feature ···················································································································9
Command buffering rules·························································································································10
Repeating commands in the command history buffer for a line·······························································10
Controlling the CLI output ································································································································11
Pausing between screens of output·········································································································11
Numbering each output line from a display command·············································································11
Filtering the output from a display command···························································································12
Saving the output from a display command to a file ················································································14
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively···················································16
Saving the running configuration ·····················································································································16
Configuring RBAC ·······················································································17
Overview··························································································································································17
Permission assignment····························································································································17
User role assignment·······························································································································20
FIPS compliance··············································································································································20
Configuration task list·······································································································································21
Creating a user role··········································································································································21
Configuring user role rules·······························································································································21
Configuration restrictions and guidelines·································································································22
Configuration procedure···························································································································22
Configuring a feature group ·····························································································································23
Configuring resource access policies···············································································································24
Configuring the user role interface policy·································································································24
Configuring the user role VLAN policy·····································································································24
Configuring the user role VPN instance policy·························································································25
Assigning user roles·········································································································································25
Enabling the default user role feature······································································································25
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users·······································································26
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users···········································································26
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user lines·······················································27
Configuring temporary user role authorization·································································································28
Configuration restrictions and guidelines·································································································28
Configuring user role authentication ········································································································30
Obtaining temporary user role authorization····························································································30
Displaying and maintaining RBAC settings······································································································30
RBAC configuration examples·························································································································31
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users····························································31
RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users······························································32
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (HWTACACS authentication) )············35
RBAC temporary user role authorization configuration example (RADIUS authentication)·····················39

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Troubleshooting RBAC ····································································································································42
Local users have more access permissions than intended······································································42
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail···························································································42
Login overview·····························································································44
Using the console port for the first device access········································46
Configuring CLI login···················································································47
CLI overview ····················································································································································47
User lines·················································································································································47
Login authentication modes·····················································································································48
User roles·················································································································································48
FIPS compliance··············································································································································48
Configuring console or USB console login·······································································································49
Disabling authentication for console or USB console login······································································49
Configuring password authentication for console or USB console login··················································50
Configuring scheme authentication for console or USB console login·····················································51
Configuring common AUX or console line settings··················································································51
Configuring Telnet login···································································································································53
Configuring the device as a Telnet server································································································53
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server····························································································59
Configuring SSH login······································································································································59
Configuring the device as an SSH server································································································60
Using the device to log in to an SSH server·····························································································61
Displaying and maintaining CLI login···············································································································62
Configuring Web login ·················································································63
FIPS compliance··············································································································································63
Configuring HTTP login····································································································································63
Configuring HTTPS login ·································································································································64
Displaying and maintaining Web login·············································································································66
Web login configuration examples···················································································································67
HTTP login configuration example···········································································································67
HTTPS login configuration example·········································································································67
Accessing the device through SNMP···························································70
Configuring RESTful access········································································71
FIPS compliance··············································································································································71
Configuring RESTful access over HTTP··········································································································71
Configuring RESTful access over HTTPS ·······································································································71
Controlling user access to the device ··························································73
FIPS compliance··············································································································································73
Controlling Telnet and SSH logins···················································································································73
Configuration procedures·························································································································73
Configuration example·····························································································································74
Controlling Web logins·····································································································································74
Configuring source IP-based Web login control·······················································································75
Logging off online Web users···················································································································75
Configuration example·····························································································································75
Controlling SNMP access ································································································································76
Configuration procedure···························································································································76
Configuration example·····························································································································77
Configuring command authorization ················································································································78
Configuration procedure···························································································································78
Configuration example·····························································································································79
Configuring command accounting ···················································································································81
Configuration procedure···························································································································81
Configuration example·····························································································································82

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Configuring FTP ··························································································84
FIPS compliance··············································································································································84
Using the device as an FTP server··················································································································84
Configuring basic parameters··················································································································84
Configuring authentication and authorization···························································································85
Manually releasing FTP connections·······································································································86
Displaying and maintaining the FTP server ·····························································································86
FTP server configuration example in standalone mode···········································································86
FTP server configuration example in IRF mode·······················································································88
Using the device as an FTP client ···················································································································89
Establishing an FTP connection···············································································································89
Managing directories on the FTP server··································································································90
Working with files on the FTP server ·······································································································90
Changing to another user account···········································································································91
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection··············································································92
Terminating the FTP connection··············································································································92
Displaying command help information·····································································································92
Displaying and maintaining the FTP client·······························································································92
FTP client configuration example in standalone mode ············································································93
FTP client configuration example in IRF mode························································································94
Configuring TFTP ························································································96
FIPS compliance··············································································································································96
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client································································································96
Configuring the device as an IPv6 TFTP client································································································97
Managing file systems·················································································98
Overview··························································································································································98
File systems·············································································································································98
Directories················································································································································99
Files··························································································································································99
Specifying a directory name or file name·······························································································100
FIPS compliance············································································································································100
File system management restrictions and guidelines ····················································································100
Managing storage media and file systems·····································································································101
Partitioning a CF card or a USB disk ·····································································································101
Mounting or unmounting a file system ···································································································102
Formatting a file system·························································································································102
Repairing a file system···························································································································103
Managing directories······································································································································103
Displaying directory information·············································································································103
Displaying the working directory ············································································································103
Changing the working directory··············································································································103
Creating a directory································································································································103
Renaming a directory·····························································································································104
Archiving or extracting directories··········································································································104
Deleting a directory································································································································104
Setting the operation mode for directories·····························································································104
Managing files················································································································································105
Displaying file information······················································································································105
Displaying the contents of a text file·······································································································105
Renaming a file······································································································································105
Copying a file ·········································································································································105
Moving a file···········································································································································106
Compressing or decompressing a file····································································································106
Archiving or extracting files····················································································································106
Deleting or restoring a file······················································································································106
Deleting files from the recycle bin··········································································································107
Calculating the file digest·······················································································································107
Setting the operation mode for files ·······································································································107

iv
Managing configuration files······································································108
Overview························································································································································108
Configuration types································································································································108
Next-startup configuration file redundancy·····························································································109
Configuration file formats·······················································································································109
Startup configuration file selection·········································································································109
Configuration file content organization and format·················································································109
FIPS compliance············································································································································110
Enabling configuration encryption··················································································································110
Comparing configurations for their differences······························································································110
Saving the running configuration ···················································································································111
Using different methods to save the running configuration····································································112
Configuring configuration rollback··················································································································113
Configuration task list·····························································································································113
Setting configuration archive parameters·······························································································114
Enabling automatic configuration archiving····························································································115
Manually archiving the running configuration·························································································115
Rolling back configuration······················································································································115
Configuring configuration commit delay·········································································································116
Specifying a next-startup configuration file ····································································································116
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server ···························································117
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server··························································118
Deleting a next-startup configuration file········································································································118
Displaying and maintaining configuration files·······························································································119
Upgrading software····················································································120
Overview························································································································································120
Software types ·······································································································································120
Software file naming conventions ··········································································································120
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure ············································································120
System startup process··························································································································121
Upgrade methods···········································································································································122
Upgrade restrictions and guidelines···············································································································123
Preparing for the upgrade······························································································································123
Upgrade task list ············································································································································123
Preloading the BootWare image to BootWare·······························································································124
Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade (in standalone mode) ·············································124
Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade (in IRF mode) ·························································125
Enabling software synchronization from the active MPU to the standby MPU at startup ······························126
Displaying and maintaining software image settings ·····················································································127
Software upgrade examples ··························································································································127
Software upgrade example (in standalone mode) ·················································································127
Software upgrade example (in IRF mode)·····························································································128
Performing an ISSU···················································································131
Overview························································································································································131
ISSU methods········································································································································131
ISSU commands····································································································································132
Preparing for ISSU·········································································································································132
Verifying the device operating status·····································································································132
Preparing the upgrade images···············································································································133
Identifying the software image signature································································································133
Identifying the ISSU method ··················································································································133
Verifying feature status ··························································································································133
Determining the upgrade procedure ······································································································134
Understanding ISSU guidelines·············································································································134
Logging in to the device through the console port ·················································································135
Saving the running configuration············································································································135
Performing an ISSU by using issu commands·······························································································135
Performing a compatible upgrade··········································································································135
Performing an incompatible upgrade·····································································································136

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Performing an ISSU by using install commands····························································································136
ISSU task list··········································································································································136
Decompressing an .ipe file·····················································································································137
Installing or upgrading software images·································································································137
Uninstalling feature or patch images······································································································138
Aborting a software activate/deactivate operation ·················································································139
Committing software changes················································································································139
Verifying software images······················································································································139
Deleting inactive software images··········································································································139
Displaying and maintaining ISSU···················································································································140
Standalone mode···································································································································140
IRF mode ···············································································································································140
Troubleshooting ISSU in IRF mode ···············································································································141
Failure to execute the issu load/issu run switchover/issu commit/install activate/install deactivate
command ···············································································································································141
Examples of using issu commands for ISSU on a dual-member IRF fabric ··················································142
Feature upgrade to a compatible version·······························································································142
Feature upgrade to an incompatible version··························································································145
Examples of using issu commands for ISSU on a four-member IRF fabric···················································148
Feature upgrade to a compatible version·······························································································148
Feature upgrade to an incompatible version (upgrading one subordinate member first)·······················154
Feature upgrade to an incompatible version (upgrading multiple subordinate members first)··············159
Examples of using install commands for ISSU on a standalone device ························································164
Feature upgrade example······················································································································164
Examples of using install commands for ISSU on an IRF fabric····································································167
Feature upgrade example······················································································································167
Using the emergency shell·········································································172
Managing the file systems······························································································································172
Obtaining a system image from an FTP/TFTP server····················································································173
Configuring the management Ethernet interface ···················································································173
Checking the connectivity to a server ····································································································174
Accessing the server······························································································································174
Loading the system image·····························································································································175
Rebooting the device ·····································································································································175
Displaying device information in emergency shell mode ···············································································176
Emergency shell usage example···················································································································176
Network requirements····························································································································176
Usage procedure····································································································································176
Using automatic configuration····································································179
Overview························································································································································179
Using server-based automatic configuration··································································································179
Server-based automatic configuration task list ······················································································179
Configuring the file server······················································································································180
Preparing the files for automatic configuration·······················································································180
Configuring the DHCP server·················································································································181
Configuring the DNS server···················································································································183
Configuring the gateway ························································································································183
Preparing the interface used for automatic configuration·······································································183
Starting and completing automatic configuration···················································································183
Server-based automatic configuration examples···························································································184
Automatic configuration using TFTP server···························································································184
Automatic configuration using HTTP server and Tcl script····································································188
Automatic configuration using HTTP server and Python script······························································189
Automatic IRF setup·······························································································································191
Managing the device··················································································194
Device management task list·························································································································194
Configuring the device name ·························································································································194
Configuring the system time···························································································································195
Enabling displaying the copyright statement··································································································196

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Configuring banners·······································································································································196
Banner types··········································································································································196
Banner input methods····························································································································196
Configuration procedure·························································································································197
Setting the system operating mode················································································································198
Rebooting the device ·····································································································································198
Configuration guidelines·························································································································199
Rebooting devices immediately at the CLI·····························································································199
Scheduling a device reboot····················································································································199
Scheduling a task···········································································································································199
Configuration guidelines·························································································································199
Configuration procedure·························································································································200
Schedule configuration example············································································································201
Disabling password recovery capability·········································································································204
Setting the port status detection timer ···········································································································206
Monitoring CPU usage···································································································································206
Setting memory alarm thresholds ··················································································································207
Configuring the temperature alarm thresholds·······························································································209
Specifying load sharing modes for a service module·····················································································209
Specifying an operating mode and a proxy mode for a service module ························································210
About operating modes for service modules··························································································210
About proxy modes for service modules································································································216
Configuration restrictions and guidelines·······························································································216
Configuration procedure·························································································································217
Enabling the port down feature globally·········································································································218
Configuring an asset profile for a physical component ··················································································218
Isolating a switching fabric module ················································································································219
Isolation restrictions and guidelines·······································································································219
Isolation procedure·································································································································219
Suppressing switching fabric module removal interrupt signals·····································································220
Configuring hardware failure detection and protection ··················································································220
Specifying the actions to be taken for hardware failures········································································220
Enabling hardware failure protection for interfaces················································································221
Enabling hardware failure protection for aggregation groups ································································221
Enabling data forwarding path failure detection·····························································································222
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules ······························································································222
Verifying transceiver modules················································································································222
Diagnosing transceiver modules············································································································223
Disabling alarm traps for transceiver modules·······················································································223
Specifying an ITU channel number for a transceiver module ········································································223
Restoring the factory-default configuration ····································································································224
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration·····································································224
Standalone mode···································································································································224
IRF mode ···············································································································································226
Using Tcl ···································································································229
Using Tcl to configure the device···················································································································229
Executing Comware commands in Tcl configuration view·············································································230
Managing the system with BootWare·························································231
Overview························································································································································231
Restrictions and guidelines····························································································································231
Using the BASIC-BOOTWARE menu on LSU1SUPB0 (JG496A) MPUs······················································232
Modifying serial port parameters············································································································232
Updating the extended BootWare segment···························································································233
Updating the entire BootWare················································································································233
Running the primary extended BootWare segment···············································································234
Running the backup extended BootWare segment················································································234
Using the BASIC-BOOTWARE menu on MPUs except LSU1SUPB0 (JG496A) ··········································235
Modifying serial port parameters············································································································236
Updating the extended BootWare segment···························································································236
Updating the entire BootWare················································································································236

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Running the primary extended BootWare segment···············································································237
Running the backup extended BootWare segment················································································237
Using the EXTENDED-BOOTWARE menu on LSU1SUPB0 (JG496A) MPUs·············································238
Running the Comware software·············································································································240
Upgrading Comware software through the console port········································································241
Upgrading Comware software through the management Ethernet port·················································242
Managing files········································································································································245
Restoring the factory-default configuration ····························································································248
Skipping the configuration file at the next startup ··················································································249
Managing the BootWare image··············································································································249
Skipping console login authentication····································································································251
Managing storage media························································································································252
Using the EXTENDED ASSISTANT menu ····························································································253
Using the EXTENDED-BOOTWARE menu on MPUs except LSU1SUPB0 (JG496A) ·································254
Running the Comware software·············································································································257
Upgrading Comware software through the console port········································································257
Upgrading Comware software through the management Ethernet port·················································259
Managing files········································································································································261
Restoring the factory-default configuration ····························································································264
Skipping the configuration file at the next startup ··················································································265
Managing the BootWare image··············································································································266
Skipping console login authentication····································································································268
Managing storage media························································································································269
Using the EXTENDED ASSISTANT menu ····························································································270
BootWare shortcut keys·································································································································271
Comware software upgrade examples ··········································································································272
Using XMODEM to upgrade software through the console port····························································272
Using TFTP to upgrade Comware software through the management Ethernet port····························273
Using FTP to upgrade Comware software through the management Ethernet port······························275
Using Python·····························································································276
Entering the Python shell·······························································································································276
Executing a Python script·······························································································································276
Exiting the Python shell··································································································································276
Python usage example···································································································································276
Comware 7 extended Python API······························································278
Importing and using the Comware 7 extended Python API ···········································································278
Comware 7 extended Python API functions···································································································278
CLI class ················································································································································278
Transfer class·········································································································································280
API get_self_slot····································································································································281
API get_standby_slot·····························································································································281
API get_slot_range·································································································································282
API get_slot_info····································································································································283
Document conventions and icons······························································284
Conventions···················································································································································284
Network topology icons··································································································································285
Support and other resources ·····································································286
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1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and
monitor the device.
You can use different methods to log in to the CLI, including through the console port, Telnet, and
SSH. For more information about login methods, see "Login overview."
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by feature. To use a command, you must enter its view.
CLI views are hierarchically organized, as shown in Figure 1. Each view has a unique prompt, from
which you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt
[Sysname-vlan100] shows that you are in VLAN 100 view and can configure attributes for that VLAN.
Figure 1 CLI views
You are placed in user view immediately after you log in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where Device-name indicates the device name. The device name is Sysname by
default. You can change it by using the sysname command.
In user view, you can perform the following tasks:
•
Perform basic operations including display, debug, file management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting,
and reboot.
•
Enter system view. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
In system view, you can perform the following tasks:
•
Configure global settings and some features, such as the daylight saving time, banners, and
hotkeys.
•
Enter different feature views.
For example, you can perform the following tasks:
Enter interface view to configure interface parameters.
Enter VLAN view to add ports to the VLAN.
Enter user line view to configure login user attributes.
A feature view might have child views. For example, NQA operation view has the child view HTTP
operation view.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
VLAN view
Interface
view
……
System
view
User view User line
view
Local user
view

2
Entering system view from user view
Task
Command
Enter system view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task
Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view
To return directly to user view from any other view, use the return command or press Ctrl+Z.
Task
Command
Return directly to user view. return
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. Enter a question mark at any prompt or in any position of a
command to display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
•
Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keyword of every command available
in the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Archive configuration
arp Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) module
backup Backup operation
bash Enter the bash shell
boot-loader Software image file management
bootrom Update/read/backup/restore bootrom
cd Change current directory
cfd Connectivity Fault Detection (CFD) module
clock Specify the system clock
connectto connect to target
copy Copy a file
debugging Enable system debugging functions
delete Delete a file
diagnostic Generic OnLine Diagnostics (GOLD) module
diagnostic-logfile Diagnostic log file configuration
dir Display files and directories on the storage media

3
display Display current system information
erase Alias for 'delete'
exception Exception information configuration
exit Alias for 'quit'
fdisk Partition a storage medium
fixdisk Check and repair a storage medium
format Format a storage medium
---- More ----
•
Enter a space and a question mark after a command keyword to display all available keywords
and arguments.
If the question mark is in the place of a keyword, the CLI displays all possible keywords,
each with a brief description. For example:
<Sysname> terminal ?
debugging Enable to display debugging logs on the current terminal
logging Display logs on the current terminal
monitor Enable to display logs on the current terminal
tracing Display traces on the current terminal
If the question mark is in the place of an argument, the CLI displays the description for the
argument. For example:
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> Vlan-interface interface number
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
<1-4094> is the value range for the argument. <cr> indicates that the command is complete
and you can press Enter to execute the command.
•
Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with that string. The CLI also displays the descriptions for the keywords. For example:
<Sysname> f?
fdisk Partition a storage medium
fixdisk Check and repair a storage medium
format Format a storage medium
free Release a connection
ftp Open an FTP connection
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp FTP module
ftp-server FTP server information
ftp-user FTP user information
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for the following tasks:
•
Canceling a configuration.
•
Restoring the default.
•
Disabling a feature.
For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center. The undo
info-center enable command disables the information center.

4
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can perform the following tasks:
•
Use keys or hotkeys to edit the command line.
•
Use abbreviated keywords or keyword aliases.
Editing a command line
To edit a command line, use the keys listed in Table 1 or the hotkeys listed in Table 4. When you are
finished, you can press Enter to execute the command.
Table 1 Command line editing keys
Keys
Function
Common keys
If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts a character at the
cursor and moves the cursor to the right. The edit buffer can store up to 511
characters. Unless the buffer is full, all common characters that you enter
before pressing Enter are saved in the edit buffer.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back
one character.
Left arrow key (
←
) Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key (
→
) Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Up arrow key (
↑
) Displays the previous command in the command history buffer.
Down arrow key (
↓
) Displays the next command in the command history buffer.
Tab
If you press Tab after typing part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword.
•If a unique match is found, the system displays the complete keyword.
•If there is more than one match, press Tab multiple times to pick the
keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
The total length of a command line cannot exceed 512 characters, including spaces and special
characters.
The device supports the following special commands:
•
#–Used by the system in a configuration file as separators for adjacent sections.
•
version–Used by the system in a configuration file to indicate the software version information.
For example, version 7.1.045, Release 1109.
These commands are special because of the following reasons:
•
These commands are not intended for you to use at the CLI.
•
You can enter these commands in any view, or enter any values for them. For example, you can
enter # abc or version abc. However, the settings do not take effect.
•
The device does not provide any online help information for these commands.
Entering a text or string type value for an argument
A text type argument value can contain printable characters except the question mark (?).

5
A string type argument value can contain any printable characters except for the following
characters:
•
Question mark (?).
•
Quotation mark (").
•
Backward slash (\).
•
Space.
A specific argument might have more requirements. For more information, see the relevant
command reference.
To enter a printable character, you can enter the character or its ASCII code in the range of 32 to 126.
Entering an interface type
You can enter an interface type in one of the following formats:
•
Full spelling of the interface type.
•
An abbreviation that uniquely identifies the interface type.
•
Acronym of the interface type.
For a command line, all interface types are case insensitive. Table 2 shows the full spellings and
acronyms of interface types.
For example, to use the interface command to enter the view of interface Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1,
you can enter the command line in the following formats:
•
interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1
•
interface ten-g 1/0/1
•
interface ten-gig 1/0/1
The spaces between the interface types and interfaces are not required.
Table 2 Full spellings and acronyms of interface types
Full spelling
Acronym
Bridge-Aggregation BAGG
EVI-Link EVI
FortyGigE FGE
GigabitEthernet GE
HundredGigE HGE
InLoopBack InLoop
LoopBack Loop
M-GigabitEthernet MGE
MP-group MP
NULL NULL
Route-Aggregation RAGG
S-Channel S-Ch
Schannel-Aggregation SCH-AGG
Ten-GigabitEthernet XGE
Tunnel Tun

6
Full spelling
Acronym
VE-L2VPN L2VE
Virtual-Template VT
Vlan-interface Vlan-int
Vsi-interface Vsi
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter the command system-view, you need to type
only sy. To enter the command startup saved-configuration, type st s.
You can also press Tab to complete an incomplete keyword.
Configuring and using command aliases
You can configure one or more aliases for a command or the starting keywords of commands. Then,
you can use the aliases to execute the command or commands. If the command or commands have
undo forms, you can also use the aliases to execute the undo command or commands.
For example, if you configure the alias shiprt for display ip routing-table, you can enter shiprt to
execute the display ip routing-table command. If you configure the alias ship for display ip, you
can use ship to execute all commands starting with display ip:
•
Enter ship routing-table to execute the display ip routing-table command.
•
Enter ship interface to execute the display ip interface command.
Usage guidelines
After you successfully execute a command by using an alias, the system saves the command,
instead of the alias, to the running configuration.
The command string represented by an alias can include a maximum of nine parameters. Each
parameter starts with the dollar sign ($) and a sequence number in the range of 1 to 9. For example,
you can configure the alias shinc for the display $1 | include $2 command. Then, you can enter
shinc hotkey CTRL_C to execute the display hotkey | include CTRL_C command.
To use an alias for a command that has parameters, you must specify a value for each parameter. If
you fail to do so, the system informs you that the command is incomplete and displays the command
string represented by the alias.
The device has a set of system-defined command aliases, as listed in Table 3. System-defined
command aliases cannot be deleted.
Table 3 System-defined command aliases
Command alias
Command or command keyword
access-list acl
end return
erase delete
exit quit
hostname
sysname
logging info-center

7
Command alias
Command or command keyword
no undo
show display
write save
Configuration procedure
To configure a command alias:
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view.
system-view
N/A
2. Configure a command alias. alias alias command By default, the device has a set of
command aliases, as listed in Table
3.
3. (Optional.) Display command
aliases. display alias [alias ]This command is available in any
view.
Configuring and using command hotkeys
The system defines the hotkeys shown in Table 4 and provides a set of configurable command
hotkeys. Pressing a command hotkey is the same as entering a command.
If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software you are using to interact with the device, the
terminal software definition takes effect.
To configure a command hotkey:
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Configure a hotkey. hotkey hotkey { command |
function function | none } Table 4 shows the default
definitions for the hotkeys.
3. (Optional.) Display hotkeys. display hotkey This command is available in any
view.
Table 4 System-reserved hotkeys
Hotkey
Function or command
Ctrl+A move_the_cursor_to_the_beginning_of_the_line: Moves the cursor to the
beginning of a line.
Ctrl+B move_the_cursor_one_character_to_the_left: Moves the cursor one
character to the left.
Ctrl+C stop_the_current_command: Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D erase_the_character_at_the_cursor: Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E move_the_cursor_to_the_end_of_the_line: Moves the cursor to the end of a
line.
Ctrl+F move_the_cursor_one_character_to_the_right: Moves the cursor one
character to the right.
Ctrl+G display current-configuration: Displays the running configuration.

8
Hotkey
Function or command
Ctrl+H erase_the_character_to_the_left_of_the_cursor: Deletes the character to the
left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K abort_the_connection_request: Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+L display ip routing-table: Displays routing table information.
Ctrl+N display_the_next_command_in_the_history_buffer: Displays the next
command in the history buffer.
Ctrl+O undo debugging all: Disables debugging for all features and functions.
Ctrl+P display_the_previous_command_in_the_history_buffer: Displays the
previous command in the history buffer.
Ctrl+R redisplay_the_current_line: Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+T N/A
Ctrl+U N/A
Ctrl+V paste_text_from_the_clipboard: Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W delete_the_word_to_the_left_of_the_cursor: Deletes the word to the left of the
cursor.
Ctrl+X delete_all_characters_from_the_beginning_of_the_line_to_the_cursor:
Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y delete_all_characters_from_the_cursor_to_the_end_of_the_line: Deletes all
characters from the cursor to the end of the line.
Ctrl+Z return_to_the_User_View: Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] kill_incoming_connection_or_redirect_connection: Terminates the current
connection.
Esc+B move_the_cursor_back_one_word: Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D delete_all_characters_from_the_cursor_to_the_end_of_the_word: Deletes
all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Esc+F move_the_cursor_forward_one_word: Moves the cursor forward one word.
Esc+N move_the_cursor_down_a_line: Moves the cursor down one line. You can use
this hotkey before pressing Enter.
Esc+P move_the_cursor_up_a_line: Moves the cursor up one line. You can use this
hotkey before pressing Enter.
Esc+< move_the_cursor_to_the_beginning_of_the_clipboard: Moves the cursor to
the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> move_the_cursor_to_the_end_of_the_clipboard: Moves the cursor to the end
of the clipboard.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
Your input might be interrupted by system information output. If redisplaying
entered-but-not-submitted commands is enabled, the system redisplays your input after finishing the
output. You can then continue entering the command line.
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:

9
Step
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-sub
mitted commands. info-center synchronous
By default, the system does not redisplay
entered-but-not-submitted commands.
For more information about this command, see
Network Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
After you press Enter to submit a command, the command line interpreter examines the command
syntax.
•
If the command passes syntax check, the CLI executes the command.
•
If the command fails syntax check, the CLI displays an error message.
Table 5 Common command-line error messages
Error message
Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position. The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than
one command.
% Too many parameters. The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
Using the command history feature
The system automatically saves commands successfully executed by a login user to the following
two command history buffers:
•
Command history buffer for the user line.
•
Command history buffer for all user lines.
Table 6 Comparison between the two types of command history buffers
Item Command history buffer for a user line Command history buffer for all
user lines
What kind of
commands are saved
in the buffer?
Commands successfully executed by the
current user of the user line. Commands successfully executed by all login users.
Cleared when the
user logs out? Yes. No.
How to view buffered
commands? Use the display history-command command. Use the display history-command
all command.

10
Item Command history buffer for a user line Command history buffer for all
user lines
How to recall a
buffered command?
•(Method 1.) Navigate to the command
in the buffer and press Enter.
•(Method 2.) Use the repeat command.
For more information, see "Repeating
commands in the command history
buffer for a line."
You cannot recall buffered
commands.
How to set the buffer
size?
Use the history-command max-size
size-value command in user line view to set
the buffer size.
By default, the buffer can store up to 10
commands.
You cannot set the buffer size.
The buffer can store up to 1024
commands.
How to disable the
buffer? Setting the buffer size to 0 disables the buffer. You cannot disable the buffer.
Command buffering rules
The system follows these rules when buffering commands:
•
If you use incomplete keywords when entering a command, the system buffers the command in
the exact form that you used.
•
If you use an alias when entering a command, the system transforms the alias to the
represented command or command keywords before buffering the command.
•
If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the
command only once. If you enter a command in different formats multiple times, the system
buffers each command format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration
are buffered as two entries but successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry.
•
To buffer a new command when a buffer is full, the system deletes the oldest command entry in
the buffer.
Repeating commands in the command history buffer for a
line
You can recall and execute commands in the command history buffer for the current user line
multiple times.
To repeat commands in the command history buffer for the current user line:
Task
Command
Remarks
Repeat commands in the
command history buffer
for the current CLI
session.
repeat [number ] [ count
times ] [ delay seconds ]
This command is available in any view. However,
to repeat a command, you must first enter the
view for the command. To repeat multiple
commands, you must first enter the view for the
first command.
This command executes commands in the order
they were executed.
The system waits for your interaction when it
repeats an interactive command.

11
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you identify the desired output.
Pausing between screens of output
By default, the system automatically pauses after displaying a maximum of 24 lines if the output is
too long to fit on one screen. You can change the limit by using the screen-length screen-length
command. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.
At a pause, the system displays ----more----. You can use the keys described in "Output controlling
keys" to display more information or stop the display.
You can also disable pausing between screens of output for the current session. Then, all output is
displayed at one time and the screen is refreshed continuously until the final screen is displayed.
Output controlling keys
Keys
Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter
Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
Disabling pausing between screens of output
To disable pausing between screens of output, execute the following command in user view:
Task
Command
Remarks
Disable pausing
between screens of
output for the current
CLI session.
screen-length
disable
By default, a CLI session uses the screen-length
screen-length command settings in user line view.
This command is a one-time command and takes effect
only for the current CLI session.
Numbering each output line from a display command
You can use the | by-linenum option to prefix each display command output line with a number for
easy identification.
Each line number is displayed as a 5-character string and might be followed by a colon (:) or hyphen
(-). If you specify both | by-linenum and | begin regular-expression for a display command, a
hyphen is displayed for all lines that do not match the regular expression.
To number each output line from a display command:
Task
Command
Number each output line from a display command. display command |by-linenum
For example:
# Display information about VLAN 999, numbering each output line.
<Sysname> display vlan 999 | by-linenum