HP HP-22S User manual
HP·22S
Scientific Calculator
Owner's Manual
Fli;-'
HEWLETT
~~
PACKARD
Edition 2 September
1988
Reorder Number
00022-90015
Notice
For warranty
and
regulatory information, see pages 150
and
153.
This manual
and
any keystroke programs contained herein are pro-
vided
"as
is"
and
are subject to change without notice.
Hewlett·
Packard
Company
makes
no
warranty
of
any
kind
with
regard
to
this
manual
or
the
keystroke
programs
contained
herein,
includ·
ing,
but
not
limited
to,
the
implied
warranties
of
merchantability
and
fitness
for
a
particular
purpose.
Hewlett-Packard Co. shall not
be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or
the keystroke programs contained herein.
© Hewlett-Packard Co. 1988. All rights reserved. Reproduction, ad-
aptation, or translation of this manual, including any programs, is
prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Com-
pany, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Hewlett-Packard
Company grants you the right to use any program contained in this
manual in this calculator.
The programs that control your calculator are copyrighted
and
all
rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of those
programs without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Com-
pany is also prohibited.
Corvallis
Division
1000
N.E.
Circle
Blvd.
Corvallis,
OR
97330,
U.S.A.
Printing History
Edition 1
Edition 2 March 1988
September 1988 Mfg. No. 00022-90016
Mfg. No. 00022-90038
Welcome to
the
HP-22S
Your
HP-22S reflects the superior quality
and
attention to detail in
engineering
and
manufacturing that have distinguished Hewlett-
Packard products for more
than
40
years. Hewlett-Packard stands
behind this calculator: we offer expertise to
support
its use (see inside
the back cover), accessories,
and
worldwide service.
Hewlett-Packard Quality
Our
calculators are made to excel, to last,
and
to
be
easy to use.
• This calculator is designed to withstand the usual drops, vibrations,
pollutants (smog, ozone), temperature extremes,
and
humidity vari-
ations that it may encounter in normal, everyday use.
• The calculator
and
its manual have been designed
and
tested for
ease of use.
We
use spiral binding to let the manual stay open to
any page,
and
we include many examples to highlight the varied
uses of this calculator.
• Advanced materials
and
permanent, molded key-lettering provide a
long keyboard life
and
a positive feel to the keyboard.
• CMOS (low-power) electronics
and
the liquid-crystal display allow
the HP-22S to retain data while it is off,
and
let the batteries last a
long time.
• The microprocessor
has
been optimized for fast
and
reliable com-
putations. The calculator uses 15 digits internally for precise results.
• Extensive research has created a design that has minimized the ad-
verse effects of static
electricity-a
potential cause of malfunctions
and
data loss in calculators.
Welcome
to
the
HP·225
3
Features
The HP-22S's features reflect the needs
and
wishes we solicited from
customers:
• A 12-character, alphanumeric display that provides you with a va-
riety of
information-messages,
prompts, labels, and, of course,
numbers.
• Menus that greatly expand the number of functions available
and
make them easy to find.
• A broad range of numeric functions, including coordinate, base,
and
unit conversions.
• The IEVAL I
and
ISOLVE Ifunctions, which allow you to compute the
value of
any
variable in
an
equation.
• A library of built-in equations,
and
an
equation list that lets you
store your
own
equations.
• Statistical functions, including mean, standard deviation, weighted
mean,
and
linear regression
and
estimation.
• Twenty-six storage registers,
and
enough memory to store statistical
data
and
your
own
equations.
4
Welcome
to
the
HP-22S
Contents
1
11
How
To
Use
This Manual
Getting
Started
Power
On
and
Off
The Display Contrast
Simple Calculations
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
Understanding the Display
and
Keyboard
The Cursor
Correcting
and
Clearing the Display
([!]
and
@])
Annunciators
The.
(Shift)
Key
Menus
and
Pointers
The Letter Keys
and
Variables
The
'I
NPUT
I
Key
Introduction to the Math Functions
16
16
16
20
21
21
22
23
Display Mode
and
Format of Numbers
Specifying the Number of Displayed Decimal
Places
23
Scientific
and
Engineering Notation
25
Displaying All the Non-Zero Digits
25
Interchanging the Period
and
Comma
26
Showing Numbers
(.,
SHOW
I)
27
Range of Numbers
27
The MEM Function
(.,
MEM
I)
27
Available Memory
28
The
..
VARS
(Variables) Catalog
28
Clearing Portions of Memory
Contents
5
2
3
28
Messages
and
the Attention Annunciator
29
Introduction to 1EVAL I
and
1SOLVE I
29
Writing
and
Entering
an
Equation
30
Evaluating
an
Equation
31 Solving
an
Equation
32
32
33
33
34
36
36
37
39
40
40
41
42
43
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
48
50
51
52
53
Arithmetic and Variables
Arithmetic Operators
Chain Calculations
Operator Priority
Using Parentheses in Calculations
Reusing the Previous Result (.1 LAST
I)
Swapping the Displayed Number With the Previ-
ous Number
Variables (Registers)
Storage Arithmetic With Variables
The
VARS
(Variables) Catalog
Clearing Variables
Numeric Functions
Power
and
Logarithmic Functions
Reciprocal
Percent Functions
Percent
Percent Change
Pi
(11")
Angular Modes
Trigonometric Functions
Angle
and
Hour Conversions
Polar/Rectangular Coordinate Conversions
Probability Functions
Hyperbolic Functions
Parts of Numbers
Unit Conversions
6
Contents
4
5
6
54
Base Conversions and Base Arithmetic
54
Switching Base Mode
56
Representation of Numbers
57
Range of Hexadecimal, Octal,
and
Binary Numbers
58
Arithmetic Operations
60
60
60
61
61
62
62
63
64
65
68
69
70
70
72
73
74
74
75
76
77
78
80
87
87
89
90
90
Statistical Calculations
Entering Statistical Data
Entering Data for One-Variable Statistics
Entering Data for Two-Variable Statistics or
Weighted Mean
Correcting Statistical Data
Clearing Statistical Data
Statistical Calculations
One-Variable Statistical Calculations
Calculating the Population Standard Deviation
Linear Regression
and
Estimation
Weighted Mean
Summation Statistics
Evaluating and Solving Equations
An Example
Introduction to IEVAL I
and
ISOLVE IFunctions
Entering
Your
Own
Equations
Viewing
and
Selecting Equations
Editing
and
Clearing Equations
Instructions for Using IEVAL I
Hints for Responding to Prompts
Instructions for Using ISOLVE I
The Syntax of Equations
Equation Functions
How
ISOLVE IWorks
Entering
Your
Own
Initial Guesses
Halting
and
Restarting the ISOLVE IIteration
When ISOLVE I
Can't
Find a Solution
Obtaining More Information About
r.1
S=-=O"""LV'"""E::"11
Results
Contents
7
7
8
91
91
92
93
94
97
98
99
100
102
102
103
104
106
107
108
109
113
113
113
115
116
117
120
122
124
126
129
131
132
134
8
Contents
The Equation Library
Doing Calculations With
library
Equations
Length of a
line
or Vector
Roots of a Quadratic Equation
Equations of Motion
Kinetic Energy
Force Between
Two
Objects
Joule's Law
Ideal Gas Law
Gibb's Free Energy
Pressure of a Fluid
Radioactive Decay
Thin Lens Equation
Diffraction
Calculations Based
on
First-Order Linear Differen-
tial Equations
Root Mean Square
Time Value of Money
Additional Examples
Vector Calculations
Adding
Two
Vectors in Polar Coordinates
Angle Between
Two
Vectors
Projection of
One
Vector
on
Another
Laws of Sines
and
Cosines
Covariance
Non-linear
Curve-Fitting
Probability Calculations
Motion of a Projectile
The Catenary Equation
Distance Between
Two
Locations
Interest Rate Conversions
Time Value of Money Calculations
Appendices
&
Index
A
B
c
140
140
140
142
142
143
145
146
146
147
147
148
150
150
150
151
151
151
152
152
153
153
153
153
155
155
157
158
163
170
171
171
172
Assistance, Batteries, Memory, and Service
Obtaining Help in Operating the Calculator
Answers to Common Questions
Power
and
Batteries
Low Power Indicator
Installing Batteries
Managing Calculator Memory
Resetting the Calculator
Clearing Memory
Environmental Limits
Determining
if
the Calculator Requires Service
Confirming Calculator
Operation-the
Self-Test
Limited One-Year Warranty
What
Is
Covered
What
Is
Not Covered
Consumer Transactions in the United Kingdom
If
the Calculator Requires Service
Obtaining Service
Service Charge
Shipping Instructions
Warranty
on
Service
Service Agreements
Regulatory Information
Radio Frequency Interference
More About Solving Equations
How I
SOLVE
IFinds a Root
I
SOLVE
I's Ability
To
Find a Root
Interpreting Results
When I
SOLVE
ICannot Find a Root
Round-Off Error
and
Underflow
Equations Used by Hp·22S Functions
General Functions
Statistical Functions
Contents
9'
173
Messages
176
Function
Index
184
Subject
Index
10
Contents
How to Use This Manual
The HP-22S is designed to minimize your need to use the manual. In
fact, we've written the manual to help you learn about the calculator
by using it.
We
have some suggestions for using the manual effectively:
• Read chapter 1 for
an
overview
of
how
the HP-22S works.
It
intro-
duces terms
and
concepts used throughout the manual.
• There are several ways to locate information: the table of contents,
the subject index,
and
function index.
• Browse through the examples in chapters 7
and
8.
You
may see a
keystroke example you can use. Just as important, you may find
some ideas for putting the HP-22S to work for you.
How
to
Use
This
Manual
11
1
Getting
Started
Power
On
and Off
The HP-22S is powered by three alkaline batteries. The calculator is
shipped with batteries installed.
To
turn
on
the calculator, press @] (the key above the "ON" label).
To
turn
the calculator off, press
the.
(shift) key,
then
@] (also written
.,
OFF
I).
Since the calculator has
Continuous
Memory,
turning it off
does
not
affect the information you've stored.
To
conserve energy, the
calculator turns itself off approximately 10 minutes after you stop us-
ing it.
Under most conditions, the calculator's batteries last well over a year.
If
you see the low-battery symbol
(c:::J)
in the display, replace the
batteries as soon as possible. See appendix A for instructions.
The Display Contrast
To
change the display contrast, hold
down
@]
and
press @ or
B.
Simple Calculations
This section introduces simple arithmetic calculations. See chapter 2
for additional information.
If
you make a typing mistake, press
[I)
to backspace to the wrong
character.
12
1:
Getting
Started
Arithmetic Operators. The following examples demonstrate using
the arithmetic
operators-G,
B,
0,
G,
and
[Z)
(exponentiation).
Keys:
Display:
24.715 G 62.471 0
87.18613
Description:
Adds 24.715
and
62.471.
When a calculation
has
been completed (by pressing
0),
pressing a
number key starts a
new
calculation.
19012.680
2413.921313
Calculates
19
x 12.68.
[Z)
displays the exponentiation operator,
A.
4.7
[Z)
3
o
A 3
1133.82313
[Z)
displays
A.
Calculates 4.73.
If
you press
an
operator key after completing a calculation, the cal-
culation is continued:
G 115.5 +
115.5
219.32313
Continues the
calculation.
Completes the
calculation.
You
can do "chain" calculations without using 0 after each step.
6.905.35
G 36.91513';'
.918 13.918
413.2124
Pressing G displays
the intermediate
answer.
Continues the
calculation.
Completes the
calculation.
1:
Getting
Started
13
Chain calculations are interpreted according to the priority ofthe opera-
tors in the expression (see page
33
for more information).
9.aaaax
31.13131313
The addition
is
de-
layed; 0 has higher
priority
than
0.
Calculates 4 +
(9
x
3).
Negative Numbers. There are two ways to key
in
a negative
number:
•
Key
in the
number
and
press
~.
•
If
the
number
follows
an
operator, you can press
~
or 8 before
keying in the number.
Keys:
Display:
Description:
Calculate
-75
-;-
3:
75~
-75
Changes the sign of
75.
030
-25.13131313
Calculate 4.52 x
-7.1
-;-
12:
4.52087.1
X-7.1
8 after 0 changes the
sign of 7.1.
0
-32.139213';-
4.52 x
-7.1.
120
-2.6743
Completes the
calculation.
Calculate
.4
-
e-l.l
.48~
1.1
--1.1
0
-13.3329
Calculates
e-l.l.
0 13.13671 Completes the
calculation.
14
1:
Getting
Started
Understanding
the
Display and Keyboard
The Cursor
The cursor (_) is visible during
digit
entry-that is,
when
you are in
the process of keying in a number. The cursor is also visible
when
you are keying in
an
equation. (Entering equations is introduced later
in this chapter.)
Correcting and Clearing
the
Display
([!)
and @])
When
th~
cursor is on,
or
when
you've just keyed in
an
operator,
[!)
deletes the last character you keyed in. Otherwise,
[!)
clears the entire
number.
During digit entry, @J clears the number you are keying in. Other-
wise, @J clears the display of its current contents
and
cancels the
current calculation.
Clearing Messages and Menus.
[!)
and
@J also clear messages
and
menus:
• When the HP-22S is displaying a message,
[!)
or@]
clears the mes-
sage
and
restores the original contents
of
the display.
• When the HP-22S is displaying a menu,
[!)
or @J cancels the
menu. In multilevel menus,
[!)
backs
out
one level
at
a time, while
@J cancels all menus
and
restores the original display. (See
MMenus
and
Pointers"
on
page 16.)
1:
Getting
Started
15
Annunciators
The annunciators indicate the current status of the calculator.
IYI,
.C!J
Shift
(.)
is Use IINPUT I Angular Number base
are active active (this to store data mode, RAD mode (page
~4ig~
page) \
(paY_2_1_)
__
r;a~:!:V54)
~.\
! '-" \
['
~
~3
~ii:
:'
"""
II.
777
\-+~
More charac-
ters to left
(page 74)
Keys will dis- Attention!
play letters (page 28)
A-Z
(page
20)
The
• (Shift)
Key
Low batter-
ies (page
142)
More charac-
ters to right
(page 74)
Most keys have a second function printed above the
key.
The shift
key accesses these operations.
To
do a "shifted'" operation, press and
release.
to
turn
on the shift annunciator
(J).
Then, press the
key.
For example,
pressing.
followed by @] (also written
.1
OFF
I)
turns
the calculator off.
If
you aCcidentally press
.,
press.
again to
turn
off the shift
annunciator.
Menus and Pointers
The HP-22S uses
menus
to extend the functionality of the keyboard.
For
example, pressing
.1
OISP 1 displays the DISP
(display
format)
menu.
16
1:
Getting
Started
I····
I I
r·
,:.::
,
....
C··
.:::.
.....
,
LOG
r···
, .
I:::.
r·i
,
%
0000
1 1
!:::I
!....
!..
,..
~:
....
--
Menu labels
...
: -
....
--
Menu
pOinters
%CHG
~-
~
G..-
Reassigned keys
Fix number of Engineering
decimal places notation
Scientific Display
all
notation decimal places
The
menu
labels
describe new, temporary assignments for keys
on
the
top row of the keyboard. The
menu·
pointers
indicate which keys are
currently reassigned. When the HP-22S is displaying a menu, it is
waiting for you to select
one
of the
menu
options by pressing one of
the reassigned keys. The manual uses curly braces to indicate keys
reassigned by menus. For example, the DISP
menu
reassigns
00
to
{FX}
(FIX).
The following table lists the HP-22S menus. Notice that the keys
listed in the table are highlighted
on
the keyboard.
1:
Getting
Started
17
Hp·225 Menus
Keys
Description
See
chapter:
'STAT!
Statistics (summation statistics, mean, standard 5
deviation, linear regression) using the contents
of
the statistics registers.
• , PROB! Probability: factorial, combinations, 3
permutations.
•
'UNITS!
Unit conversions: mass (kilograms/pounds), 3
temperature (OCrF), length (centimeters/inches),
volume (liters/gallons).
•
IH-HMsl
Hours.Decimal hours/ 3
Hours.MinutesSeconds conversions.
• 1
D-RAD
I Degrees/radians conversions. 3
.1
PARTS
I Number-altering functions: integer part, frac- 3
tional part, round, absolute value
Other
Operations
.IDISpl
Display format:
FIX,
scientific, engineering, all 1
digits.
• 1
CLEAR
I Clear: variables, equations, all
of
memory, 1
statistics.
• 1
MODES
I Modes: angular (Degrees/Radians/Grads), deci- 1, 3
mal
point
and
digit separator (period/comma).
•
'MEMI
Memory: available memory, variables catalog. 1
.1BASEl Base conversions: decimal, hexadecimal, octal, 4
and binary modes.
Multi·Level Menus. Some menus have more than one "level."
For
example, pressing
.1
UNITS I displays the UNITS
(unit
conversion)
menu:
1
0-1
II
I :
18
1:
Getting
Started
L.
•
I:)
0
L.
•
Each of the four keys in the UNITS
menu
displays another menu. For
example, pressing
{L}
displays the L (length) menu, which contains
the two length conversion functions:
l·
.-
...
,
•.
:!.
1...,
I'!
,
/
Converts inches
to
centimeters Converts centimeters
to
inches
The following
menu
map
illustrates the UNITS
menu
and
the menus
that "branch' from it.
M TMP L VOL
n~~~
These keystrokes
show
how
to convert 12.7 inches to centimeters:
Keys:
Display:
12.7.luNITSI
M
TMP
L
VOL
{L}
~CM
~IN
32.2580
Description:
Keys in the number,
displays the UNITS
menu.
Displays the length
menu.
32.2580 centimeters is
equivalent to 12.7
inches.
1:
Getting
Started
19
Canceling Menus. Canceling a
menu
erases the current menu labels.
There are several ways to cancel menus:
• Menus are automatically canceled
when
you press a menu key to
execute a function.
•
[!]
cancels the
menu
without executing a function. In multi-level
menus,
[!]
backs
up
one
level
at
a time.
•
@]
cancels the menu, regardless of
what
level it is at.
• Menus replace
one
another. For example, if you accidently press
.,
MODES Iinstead
of
.,
UNITS
I,
you can press
.,
UNITS Iwithout first
canceling the MODES menu.
M TMP L
~~~
The
Letter
Keys and Variables
Most of the keys have a letter A through Z associated with them. Each
letter is the name
of
a calculator variable. The 26 variables are loca-
tions in calculator memory used to store
and
retrieve numbers.
Pressing ,STO I
(store)
or ,RCL I(recall) turns
on
the A
..
Z annunciator to
let you know
that
the keys are using their letter assignments. For
ex-
ample, 12 ,STO Iturns
on
the A..Z annunciator. Then, pressing
[E]
displays
A=
12.0000,
indicating that 12
has
been
stored into variable
A. This series of keystrokes is written as 12 ,STO I
A.
Storing
and
retrieving numbers using variables is covered in more de-
tail in chapter
2.
Using variables
with'
EVAL I
and'
SOLVE Iis covered in
chapter
6.
20
1:
Getting
Started
Table of contents
Other HP Calculator manuals
