HP HP-27S User manual

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Scientific Calculator
Owner's Manual

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275 SCIENTIFIC
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1 . Menu keys
2. Clear portions of memory
3. Enter data
4. Move through lists
5. Shift Key
6. Calculator OFF
7. Calculator ON;
clear calculator line
8. Available memory
9. Full precision of number
10. Display format; modes
1 1. Print calculator line
12. Numeric and control menus
13. Applications
14. Backspace
15. Previous menu
16. MAIN display
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llP-27s^
Scientific Galculator
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Ownerts Manual
HEWLETI
PACKARD
Edition 2 February 1988
Reorder Nurnber A0027-90028

Notlce
For warranty and regulatory information for this calculator, see pages
I99 and 203.
This manual and any keystroke programs contained herein are Pro-
vided "as is" and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett'
packard Gompany makes no warranty of any kind with regard to
this manual or the keystroke programs contalned herein, includ-
ing, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard Co. shall not
be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing, performance , ot use of this manual or
the keystroke Programs contained herein.
o Hewlett-Packard Co. 1987. All rights reserved. Reproduction, ad-
aptation, or translation of this manual, including any Prograrils, is
piohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Com-
pany, except as atlowed under the copyright laws. Hewlett-Packard
bo*pany grants you the right to use any program contained in this
manual in this Hewlett-Packard calculator.
The programs that control your calculator are copyrighted ut i all
righti uri reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of those
prograrns without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Co. is
also prohibited.
Portable GomPuter DiYision
IOOO ltI.E Girc]e Blvd.
Corvallis, OF 97330' U.S.A, \

Printing History
Edition I
Edition 2October 1987 February 1988 Mfg. No. 00427-90029 Mfg. No. 00027-90046
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Gontents
tt List of Examples
How to Use This llanual
l4
t5
15
t5
t5
r6
r8
20
20
21
2t
2l
2t
22
22
22
22
25
27
28
28
30
Getting Started
Power On and Off
The Display
The Display Contrast
The MAIN Display and Menus
The Calculator Line
Display Messages
Annunciators
The Keyboard
The I (Shift) K"y
The l-lNPUfl Key
Editing and Clearing the Calculator Line
Viewing the History Stack With E and E
Menu Keys
Clearing Portions of Memory With
TM
Using Menus
Applications
Numeric Function Menus
Control Menus
Calculations With Variables in Menus
Display Mode and Format of Numbers
Gontents

31
32
32
34
34
34
35
35
36
38
40
Specifying the Number of Displayed Decimal
Places (FIX Mode)
Displaying the Full Precision of Numbers
Scientific and Engineering Notation
Interchanging the Period and Comma
Showing the Full Precision of a Number
Available Calculator Memory
Beeper Function
Introducing the Solver and the ALPHA Menu
Tpitg Alphabetic Information
Editing Alphabetic Information
Solving an Equation
242
42
42
43
43
45
46
46
49
51
53
53
59
60
61
62
Keyboard Arithmetic and J{umeric Functions
The Calculator Line
Arithmetic Operators
Chain Calculations
Operator Priority
Using Parentheses in Calculations
Reusing the Previous Result ( !| LAm)
Using Registers
Numeric Functions
General Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Trigonometric and Angle Functions
Probability Functions
Hyperbolic Functions
Parts of Numbers
Range of Numbers
363
63
65
65
67
Base Gonversions and Base Arithmetic
Switchirg Bases
Representation of Numbers
Range of HEX, OCT and BIN Numbers
Arithmetic Operations
Gontents

469
70
71
72
74
74
75
76
76
79
8r
85
87
Statistics
Entering the STAI Application
Entering Data and Ciiculating the Running Tjotal
Viewing and Editing the List
copying a List Number to the Calculator Line
Naming and Renami.g a List
Switchirg Lists and Creating New Lists (GET)
Clearing a List
One-Variable Statistics
Statistics Operations With TWo Lists
Linear Regression, Curve Fitting, and Estimation
Weighted Mean and Grouped Standard
Deviation
Summation Statistics
589
90
91
92
93
93
94
94
95
95
The Equation Solver
Entering the SOLVE Application
Entering Equations
Doing Solver Calculations
Clearing Solver Variables
Viewing and Editing the Equation
Naming an Equation
Shared Solver Variables
Deleting the Current Equation and/ or Its Variables
Deleting All Equations and/ or Their variables
Gontents

96 The Syntax of Equations
98 Solver Functions
103 Conditional Expressions (IF Function)
106 Creating Menus for Multiple Equations (S
Function)
108 The Summi^g (>) Function
I t 0 Summing Operations With STAI Lists
1 10 How the Solver Works
I 10 Direct and Iterative Solutions
111 Halting and Restarting an Iterative Search
112 Entering Guesses
I 13 Outcomes of an Iterative Solution
v 6 117 Time Ualue of Money
I 18 Entering the TVM Application
\"/ l2O Cash Flow Diagrams and Sign Convention
\-/ 122 TVM Calculations
122 Clearing the TVM Variables
\'/ 123 Loan Calculations
\-, 127 Savings Calculations
{ 30 Amortization
v 131 Displaying an Amortization Schedule
\.., 134 Printing an Amortization Schedule
v 7 136 Time, Appointments, and Date Arithmetic
v 136 Viewing the Time and Date
\r 137 Setting the Time and Date
139 Changing the Time and Date Formats
\/ 139 Adjusting the Clock Setting
l4O Appointments
v' l4o Viewing and Setting an Appointment
\-/ 142 Acknowledging an Appointment
l/li| Unacknowledged Appointments
\-/ l{3 Clearing eppiintments
v
:Gontents 7

145
145
146
147
147
Date Arithmetic
Determining the Duy of the week for Any Date
Calculating the Number of Days Between Dates
Calculating Past or Future Dates
Clearing the Date Arithmetic Variables
I148
r49
149
150
150
15r
152
r53
Printing
Printing Speed and the Printer's Power Source
Printing the Calculator Line (lmn I
Printing Other Information (ll pRrr.rrERl)
Printing Variables, Lists, and Appointments
Printing Descriptive Messages
Trace Printing
Interrupting the Printer
9r54
154
t54
r56
r58
t60
t63
r65
r66
r68
171
172
t76
r79
r8r
r83
t86
r88
Additional Examples
Vector Calculations
Adding TWo Vectors in Polar Coordinates
Angle Between TWo Vectors
Projection of One Vector on Another
Laws of Sines and Cosines
Probability Calculations
Simulating a Toss of Dice
Motion of a Projectile
The Catenary Equation
Distance Between TWo Locations
Leasing Calculations
Interest Rate Conversions
Finding Several Roots of a Function
Moving Average
Chi-Squared (x2) Statistics
Calculating Subtotals
Number of Days Until a Speciat Day
Gontents

v A 189 Assistance, Batteries, Memory, and Service
189 Obtaining Help in Operating the Calculator
v 189 Answers to Common Questions
v 191 Power and Batteries
l9l Low-Power Indications
\/ 192 Installing Batteries
\v 194 Managing Calculator Memory
195 Resetting the Calculator
\/ 196 Erasing Continuous Memory
v 196 Clock Accuracy
197 Environmental Limits
v 197 Determining If the Calculator Requires Service
v 198 Confirming Calculator Operation-The Self-Test
199 Limited One-Year Warranty
v 199 \A/hat Is Covered
v 2OO What Is Not Covered
20O Consumer Transactions in the United Kingdom
v 2O1 If the Calculator Requires Service
\, 2O1 Obtaining Service
2O1 Service Charge
v 2O2 Shipping Instructions
\, 2O2 Warranty on Service
2O2 Service Agreements
v 203 Regulatory Information
\, 2Og Radio Frequency Interference
v 2Og Air Safety Notice (U.S.A.)
:
Contents 9

B204
204
207
207
209
211
215
222
224
225
More About The Solver
Direct Solutions
Iterative Solutions
How the Solver Finds a Root Iteratively
The Solver's Ability to Find a Root
Cases Where A Root is Displayed (Cases la
and 1b)
Case 2 Solutions
Case 3: Bad Guesses
Case 4: When a Solution Isn't Found
Round -off Error
c226
226
228
229
230
231
Equations Used by HP.27S f,lenus
SOLVE
Statistics
Curve Fitting
TVM
Numeric Function Menus
D232 llenu ilaps and Tables
238 Error Messages
243 lnder
ro Gontents

List of Examples
The followirg list
only the examples groups the examples by
that require a moderate chapter. The list shows
number of steps.
28
29
30
36
37
39
40
Starting to Use the HP-27S
Calculating the Percent Change Between TWo
Numbers
Calculating NEW in the %CHG Menu
Using the %CHG Menu in a Chain Calculation
Writing a Solver Equation for Radioactive Decay
Typi^g the Radioactive Decay Equation
Editing the Radioactive Decay Equation
Carbon-l4 Dating
3Base Conversions
Converting Between
Arithmetic in HEX,
and Base Arithmetic
Bases
OCT and BIN Bases
64
67
4Statistics
Updatirg a Checkbook
One-Variable Statistics Calculations
Curve Fitting and Estimation Calculations
Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation of
Grouped Data
Summation Statistics
73
77
83
85
87
tt
List of Examples

5The Equation Solver
The Equation of Motion for Free-Fall
Temperature Conversions Using Shared Variables
Nested IF Functions
Unit Conversions
A Series Expansion
Entering Guesses
89
94
105
147
109
1r3
6Time Value of Money
A Car Loan
A Home Mortgage
A Mortgage With a Balloon Payment
A SavingJ Account
An Individual Retirement Account
Displaying an Amortization Schedule
Printing an Amortization Schedule
123
124
125
127
129
132
134
7Time, Appointments, and Date Arithmetic
Setting the Date and Time
Setting and Clearing an Appointment
Calculating the Number of Days Between TWo
Dates
Determining a Future Date
139
144
146
147
I752 Printing
Trace Printing an Arithmetic Calculation
l2 List of Examples

v 9 Additional Examples
. 154 Adding TWo Vectors in Polar Coordinates
\-' 156 Angle-Between Two Vectors
\v/ t58 Projection of One Vector on Another
t60 Law of Sines
v 162 Law of Cosines
v t63 Probability Calculations
165 Simulating a Toss of Dice
v 166 Motion of a Projectile
v 168 The Catenary Equation
171 Distance Between Two Locations
v fi2 Calculating a Lease Payment
v 174 Present (Capitalized) Value of a Lease With
v n6 *1Jff"$"iJHi*1,llf,option to Buv
\r' 179 Finding Several Roots of a Function
181 Moving Average
v 183 Chisquared 1121 Statistics
\/ 186 Calculating Subtotals
, 188 Number of Days Until a Special Day
\r' B llore About the Soluer
\.., 272 A Case 1 Solution With One Root
212 A Case 1 Solution With TWo Roots
v 214 A Discontinuous Function
\-, 216 A Case 2a Solution
218 A Case 2b Solution
\' 22O A Case 2c Solution (Relative Minimum)
\.., 221 A Function Dipping to the X-Axis
222 ACase3Situation
List of Examples 13

How to Use This Manual
The HP-27S is designed to minimtze your need to use the manual. If
you enjoy reading manuals cover-to-coveL we hope that you will en-
joy immersing yourself in this one. Howeveq, we know that most
people don't want to put aside whatever they've been doing to savor
each paragraph. So, we've written the manual to help you learn about
the calculator while you use it.
We have some suggestions for using the manual effectively:
r Read chapter 1 for an overview of how the HP-275 works. It intro-
duces terms and concepts used throughout the manual.
I The HP -275 does keyboard arithmetic using algebraic logic. If you
are unfamiliar with this way of doing arithmetic calculations, please
read pages 43 through 45 in chapter 2 before you do multi-step
qa.lculations.
t There are several ways to
the subject index, the list
pendix D.
r Before doing time-value-of-money problems, learn how the calcu-
lator uses positive and negative numbers in financial calculations.
For this information, refer to page 120.
r Browse through the examples in chapter 9. You may see a k"y-
stroke example you can use. Just as important, you may find some
ideas for putting the HP-275 to work for you.
locate information: the table of contents,
of examples, and the menu maps in ap-
l4 How to Use This Manual

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Getting Started
Power On and Off
The HP-27S is powered by three mercury batteries. The calculator is
shipped with batteries installed.
To turn on the calculator, press fTLRl. To turn the calculator off, press
the I (shift) key, then IELR l. Since the calculator has Continulus
Memary, turning it off does not affect the information you've stored.
To conserve energy, the calculator turns itself off 10 minutes after you
stop using it.
If you see the low-battery annunciator ({=) at the top of the dis-
Play, you should replace the batteries as soon as possible, using the
instructions on page L92.
The Display
The Display Contrast
To adjust the display contrast, hold down I-CLR I while you press [T]
or E.
l: Getting Started t5

The MAIN Display and Menus
The display has two major configurations. The "MAIN" display uses
both lines to display numbers. Calculations are done on the bottom
line, called the calculator line, and the result of the previous calcula-
tion is shown on the top line.
Previous result
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Calculator line
The next illustration shows the configuration of the display after you
Press ltqorwERil (I followed by E). The calculator line is now the
toP line, and the bottom line displays the CONVERT menu. The menu
consists of labels that describe the current function of the menu keys at
the top of the keyboard.
Calculator line CONVERT menu
27sl SCIENTIFIC
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r6 l: Getting Started
Menu keys

Pressing I followed by one of the keys shaded in figure 1-1 displays
a menu. Pressing fl-MArN I (t followed by tEXtTl) always restores the
MAIN display. (Sometimes, lml without I restores the MAIN dis-
play. "Using Menus" on page 22 explains these keys.)
Figure 1-i. Keys That Display Menus
If necessatf, press I[ rvrnlrrr I to erase the menu labels. Then, k"y in
these calculations to see how the HP-27S displays the results of previ-
ous calculations:
28.6711E 7 .s412 A
1ooE25E
25 E 12.44
6eE56H
The calculator retains four lines of information-the calculator line
and the three previous results. These four lines are the history stsck.
History
stack
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l: Getting Started l7

The Galculator Line
The followi.g examPles use the calculator line for simple calculations.
Arithmetic calculations are covered in greater detait ln chapter 2.
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62.471 f BZ , 1s6s Adcls 2471s and 62.471.
When a calculation has been completed (by pressing [J), pressing a
number kuy starts a new calculation.
19 E 12.68 E e4B, eeEB Calculates lg x 12.6g.
If you Press an operator k"y after completing a calculation, the previ-
ous result remains in the calculator line.
Keys:
24.71 5 f!
Display:
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e4E,geBE+115,5
356.4e88
You can do 'chain" calculations
6.9 81 5.35 E] 36 , e 158+
Description:
Calculates 2352
Completes the
calculation.
without using f] after each step.
Pressing [} displays the
intermediate answer.
f} 11s.s
rCompletes the
calculation.
Math functions involving one number use the number furthest to the
right.
3.57 E 2.36
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tg l: Getting Started