Hp Hp-35 User guide

HP-35

HP's interest

in

com

p

utation

evolved as a natural

extension

of

our

tr

adition

al involvement in measure·

ment

problem

solving. At

an

early

date.

HP

recognized

the growing

need

for a family

of

computational

products

uniquely designed

for

ease of

interface

with

scientific

instrumentation.

In

1966

we

int

roduced

the

first digital

minicompute

r

specifically designed 10

meet

th

is

need.

Soon

after,

we

f

ollowed

up with

our

f

ir

St

programmable calculator.

Fr

om

these

modest

beginni

ng<;.

HP

has

now

become

an

acknow

ledged lea

de

r in the field

of

co

mputational

pro

bl

em

solving. Over

10,000

HP

p

rogrammab

le c

al

·

culators

and

more

tha

n

3000

HP

digital

compu

ters are

now

at

work

in

a wi

de

ra

n

ge

of scientific. industrial,

and

educational appli

cat

i

ons.

Th

ei

r effectiveness is

fu

rther

enh

anced

by

a

comple

te

li

ne of peripherals -

ranging fr

om

digital

tape

and

disc drives

to

car

d

and

tape

readers, printers,

and

plo

tt

ers.

Now we've

coupled

our

experience in scientific

pro

b-

lem solving

an

d

computatiooal

technology

to

bring

you

a

new

dimension in personal

computing

- -

the H

p·35

Pocket

Calculat

or.

HEWLETT

i PACKARD

lUll

~

II

~

II

iii

II

11

0

11

0.

• • •

@ 6

III 7

--..!L.J.

~

4 5

~

@

II

L!-

ei..;

..

0 DISPLAY

~

POWER

ON-OFF

SW

IT

CH

@

FUNCTION

KE

YS

0 CONT

ROL

KE

YS

0

MEMORY

KEYS

(i)

ENTRY

KEYS

f)

CLEAR KEYS

(i) A

RITH

MET

IC KE YS

HP-35

HEWLETT.PACKARD

10900

WOLFE

ROAD,

CUPERTINO,

CALIFORNIA,

95014

FORE

WO

RD

To

g,~e

you

more

computing

power,

your

HP

·

35

works

in

a

consistent

and

natural way

that

may

be

slightlv differ·

ent from

pre~iou

s

calculators

you

have

operated.

So

even

if

you

are

an

eNd

hand

at

using calcuiatOfs,

you

will find

it

worthwhile

to

read this

little

book.

Beginners,

too.

will

find

the

step

bV

step

explanation

easy

to

follow.

S

HIRT

POCKET

PO

WER

Our object

in

developing the Hp

·35

was

to

gI

ve

you

a hi(fl

preciSIon

portable

electronic

slide rule. We

thou~""II

you'd

like

to

have

something

only

ficllonal

heroes

like James

Bond, Walter

MitIY

or

D,ck Tracy

are

supposed

to

own.

The HP·35 has far

more

com

puting

power

than

ten

digit accuracy exceeds the

precIsion

to

which

most

of the phYsical

connants

of the

universe are known. It wil l handle

numbers

as small as

10-

99 and

up

to

10

99.

Jnd

au

toma

tically places the

decimal

point

f

or

you

. It

is

the first p

ocket

cal

culato

r to

provi

de

Y

OU

with tran:;.cendental f

unctions

like logarithms

and sines

and

cosines.

The

operational

$lack

and

the

reverse "Poli

sh·'

(Lukasiewicz)

notation

used

in

the HP.35

are the

most

efficient way

known

to

computer

:;.cience

for

evaluating m!lIhematical expressions.

The HP·35 was designed with

yOU,

the

user,

In

mind.

We

spent as much time

on

the

keyboa

rd layout.

on

the ch

Oice

of functions,

and

on

the styling as we did

on

the

electronics.

The

speed

and

convenience with

wh

i

ch

yo

u can arrive

at

a

Solution

to

a

problem

is

unparalleled. V

ou

will find

that

fewer mistakes

occur

when

compu

t

ations

are easier

to

make. Y

ou

will also find yoursei f performing calculations

you

did nOt

do

before. They

fa

ll

into

Thr

ee

categor

ies:

firsT,

Those

calculations

in

your

own field

that

were

avoided in favor

ot

an

educated

guess. The ability

to

perlorm

complex

calculations

whereV(!

r

you

are and

what

-

ever

me

situation

will

enhance

your

prolessional staTure.

The

second

category consists of calculations indirectly

your

pro

fe

ssion -

computing

the

return

on

an

inveslment, reconciling

your

bank

account,

pursuing

your

hobby

with professional precision,

etc.

The last categOfY

contains

thO$!!

expioratOfY calculations t

hat

you

do

for

lun.

They

arise

when

someone

asks

"Old

you

know

...

?".

For

exam

pl

e,

did

you

know

thai one cubic

mile of air weighs

more

than 5 million tons?

Did

you

know

that

a man

running

a 4--minute mile

turns

100 yards in a

little

more

man

1

3.6

seconds?

Did

you

know

that

355

/ 1

13

is

an

excellent

appro

xi

-

mation

to

n?

ii

Why

not

check

and

see just

how

close

356/

11

3

does

approximate

11?

Although

the

rest

01

this

manua

l

must

be

read,

JUSt

between

the

IWO

of us,

you

can't

hurt

Ihe

calculator

by sliding

the

power

switch

to

ON

and

pressing

a lew keys,

To

check

the

appr

oxima

tion, key

in

355,

then

press

IDJiiIl

and

key in

the

denominator,

113, N<m press

a

to

gel Ihe

quo

l

ienl,

Theapproximation

is

n<min

the

display, Let

us

now

subtract

the

Irue value

of

11

!to

len

significant digits)

from

the

appr

oximatio

n.

Press @

and

11:1

It's

closer

than

one

would

think

12.66 x

10-

7

).

To

f,nd

the

percent

error,

divide

thos

difference

bv

11

and

mu ltiplv by 100.

(@'

1:1

' 100, f3 ), We n

ow

k

now

tha

t 355/113

appro

x

imates

71'

to

wi

thin

8.47

mi

llionths

of

one

percent,

!It

makes

22n

look

pretty

5a(U T

wo

final

comments:

<D

it

's

easy

to

r

emembe

r

the

approximation

Deca

use it

,s

made

by

dupic

ating

the first three

odd

numbers

and

insert,ng a

div'sion

si!1l

in

the

middle:

113}355;

®

you

have

just

evaluated

the

expression

1355/1 13 -

7l'l

X

1100/71').

Congratulation

sl

By

the

way,

switch

the

calculator

off

and

put

,t

iNlay,

(You

are

nOt

supposed

10

know

how

to

work

il

, , .

vet).

iii

TABL

E

OF

CONTENTS

SECTION

1 I

NSTAN

T

AR

ITHM

ETIC

SERIAL

CALCULA

TI

ONS

3

SUMS

OF

PRODUCTS

4

PRODUCTS

OF

SUMS

5

THE

OPERATIONAL

STACK

6

SOME

SIMPLE

PROBLEMS

8

POWERS

OF

NUMBERS

9

PROBLEMS

IN

FI

NANCE

"

BIG

AND

LITTLE

NUMBERS

"

NEGAT

I

VE

NUMBERS

"

MORE

MEMOR

Y "

REARRANGING

THE

STACK

'6

LOGAR

I

THMS

AND

TR

I

GONOMETRY

"

SECTlON

2

OPERATING

LIM

IT

S "

ACCURACV

"

OVERFLOW

&

UNDE

R

FLOW

22

SC

IEN

TIF IC

NOTAT

I

ON

22

IMPROPER

CALCULATIONS

22

TEMPEnATUnC

RANGES

23

BATTERY

OPERAT

I

ON

23

RECH

AR

GI

NG

I

A.C.

OPERATION

24

BATTERY

PACK

REPLACEMENT

26

ACCESSORIES

27

S

TANDARD

27

OP

TI

ONAL

27

SERVICING

28

LOW

P

OWE

R

28

BLANK

DISPLAV

28

WARRANTY

28

IN

WARRAN

TV 28

O

UT

OF

WARRANTV

29

SHIP

PI

NG

I

NS

T

RUCTIONS

29

SEC

TIO

N 3

SAM

PLE

PROB

LE

MS

30

SOLUT

IO

NS

32

AN

A

LGORITH

M 34

Hewlett

-

Packard

ships

your

HP-

35

lully·assembled,

with

banery

pack

10

place,

and

ready

10

operale.

W"h

the

battery

charger

disconnected,

slide

the

power

SWItch

to

ON.

You

should

see a

~ero

and

a

decimal

point

dIsplayed.

If any Other

ind

i

cation

is

present,

~ee

SERVIC lNG, page

28

.

seCTION 1

I

NS

T

AN

T

AR

ITHM

ETI

C

In

the HP-35,

arithmetic

aIlswers appear immediately

after pressing a G ,

1:1

,

E3

or

G key.

As

in

on ndding

machine,

where

the a key

ad

ds the last

entry

to

what.

ever

is

alrendy in the machine, and the

1:1

key

subtracts

this

la'St

entry,

so

also, in the HP·

35,

the

13

key multi.

plu~s

what's

in the

machine

by

the

last

entry

and

the G

key dIvides

by

the

lasl

entry.

BUI

at the

start

we've got

to

gel the li($t

number

into

the

machine.

To

do

this

you

key in Ihe first

number

and

press

Now key

in

the

r

and

then

press

Try these

examples.

It

is

not necessary to clear the

machine

between

problems,

but

if

you

make

an

entry

mistake, press m jCL

EAR

XI

and

enter

the

number

correctly.

Toocld3to12

To

subtract

3 from "

Press '" Press '"

OJ

1.

OJ

lID

12

.

lID

12

.

am

12

.

am

12

.

@)

3.

@)

3.

II

15

.

iii

9 .

1

2

To

multiply 3 times 12

To

d,v,de 3 irllO 12

Press

s..

Prcss

""

CD CD

lID

"

lID

" .

EliIl

" .

EliIl

"

III 3 III

3.

EI

36.

1:1

,

Notice

that

In

thc

four

examples:

•

BOlh

numbers

!operands) are in

the

machine

before

you

press D,

1:1

,

EI

or

=

• Pressing

the

D ' ='

EI

or

=key causes

the

addll;on,

subtraction,

mUltiplicatIon

or

division

10

oc.:::ur

immediately

and

the result

to

be

d,splayed.

The

EliD

key repeats the

numbcr

displayed to a

socond inlernal register

1a

ploce Ihat holds

numbers!.

The

dIsPlay blinks

to

show

you

Ihis has

happcncd.

When

you

now Cnter a new

number,

the Hp·35

automa

tically clears

the display

01

the

old

one.

But

if

you

wanled

10

double

the old

number,

you

don't

need

to

enter

it again,

just

press D

after

the !mIlD Or,

if

you

wanted

10

square It, Just press

EI

.

Try

these examples.

To

double

3

Tosquorc

3

Press s." Press s."

III 3 III 3

EliIl

3

EliIl

3

D 6

EI

9

SECTION

1

SER

I

AL

CALCULAT

ION

Whenever a

new

number

is

enlered

aher

any

calculallOn.

the

Hp

·

35

performs

an

automat

ic

immJ

before

iIC-

ceptlng the

new

number.

This

means

thut

the

und

Ihe

new

ent

ry

are

both

in

posilion

for

the

o!X]ration

.

Find

the sum

of

t

he

first

five

odd

numbers

Press

""

(jJ

EDl

1.

@

3.

II

4.

lID

5 .

II

9.

II)

7

II

16

.

lID

9

II

75

.

Find

the

product

of

the

first

five even

numbers

Pr

ess

""

® ,

EDl

,

[4] ,.

£I

8.

lID

6 .

£I

".

lID

8

£I

3"

(jJ1Q)

, 0

£I

3840

If

you

~re

calculat

ing ((2 I 3

)14

+

5)

,6

by

I

larld.

you

wo

uld

fir

st

add

2

and

3.

then

di

vide

th

e

sum

by

4.

add

5

to

th

e

quotient

and

fin

a

lly

mu

ltipl

y

by

6.

This

is

exocTly

whaT

you

do

on

the

HP-35:

3

((2 +

3)/4

+ 5) -6

Pre

55

S

oo

Comments

III

2.

I!mIl

2.

@]

3.

a

5.

Add

2 and 3

(!)

••

CiI

,.

25

Div,de

~he

sum

by

<1

lID

5.

a

6.

25

Add

5

to

the

quotient

lID

6.

EI

37

. 5 Multiply

by

6

SU

MS

OF PRODUCTS

Suppose

you

sold

12

,tems

at

$1

.58

each.

8

'tems

at

52.67

each

and

16 '

tems

at SO.54 each. Tl,,,

lul<ol

,.,

price

'S

(12 x 1

.58)

+ (8 x 2.671

~

(16 x 0.541

Your

HP·

35

lets

you

f

in

d

th

e

answer

without

writing

dow

n

or

storing

interme

d

ia

te

results.

Press Soo

Comm

e

nts

" " .

I!mIl " .

1.

58

L

58

EI

" .

96

(12 x 1.581

•

••

I!mIl

••

2.67

2.

67

EI

"

36

(8 x 2.671

4

SECTION

I

a

40.

32

(12 x 1.58) i

(S

x 2.67)

16

16.

IlmIl

16

.

.54

54

£I

8.

64

(16 x 0.54)

a

48.

96

Total Sale Price

Obviousl

y,

you

can fi

nd

the

sum

of

any

number

of

products

thIs

way.

PRODUCT

OF

SU

MS

Problems

like

(7+3)'(5+1

1

),(13+17)

are

done

juS!

like

sums

of

prcdUCI$

with

all

the

13

and

D

key

strokes

interchanged.

Press

500

CommenlS

7

7.

-

7.

3

3.

a

10

. n+3)

5

5.

IlmIl

5.

11

.

a

16.

(5+111

£I

160.

(7+3)

(SHU

13

.

IlmIl

13

.

17

.

a

30.

(

13+17)

£I

4800.

(7+3)

'

(5+

11

)'

03+

17)

5

6

THE

OPERATIONAL

STACK

To

do

the last

examples

your

HP-35 had

to

save

some

answers for

future

use.

Let's

see

how

it

does this.

There

are four

number

registers in

the

HP-35, which we call the

X,

Y, Z

and

T regIsters.

They

are arranged in

what

is

called a

"stock",

X

on

the

bottom

and

T

on

the

top.

The

display always shows the

number

in

the

X register.

OPERATIONAL

STACK

,

y

x

___

T Register

___

Z Re

gi

st

er

___

Y RegIs

ter

X Re

gi

st

er

NOTE

The x Register

is

~Iw~y~

rli~nl~Yflrl

To

avoid

confusion

be-

tween the

name

of a

register

and

the

number

in it, we designate the

register

by

a capital

lener

and

t

he

number

by

italics. Thus, X, y, Z

and

I are the

contents

n/X,Y,7~"dT

When

you

key in

11

number

,

it

goos

into

the X register,

Which

is

the

only

one

displayed. When

you

press

IlDEiD

,this

numbe

r

is

repeated

into

the Y registe

r.

At

the same time, the y

is

moved

up

to

Z arxl z is moved

up

to

T like this:

When

you

press a,

Xisadded

toy,

and

the

whole

stack

drops

to

d,splay the answer

In

X.

The

same

Ihinghappeos

for ='

EI

and

G Whenell(!r

the

stack

drops,

I is

duplicated

i

nto

T

and

Z,

and

Z

drops

10

Y.

1

S

ECTION

1

T D

, z

1:1

Y IY-I-X l

y-X

~

Y

13

X

Y><X

yl

x X

1:1

Le

t

us

look

at Ihe

conlent$

01

the

st

ack

as

we do (3 x 4 )

-I-

(5 x

6).

The

keys used are shCMfi above the

circl

ed steps

CD

through

®.

Oi

r

eetly

above

the

keys

yo

u

see

Ihe

in

for

mation

'"

the

X, Y, Z and T registers

after

the key

str

oke.

(3

"

4)

-1-

(5

x

6)

T

Z "

Y 3 3 " 5

X 3. 3. ,

".

5. 5.

K

EY

I1l

D 0

13

lID

D

!>TE

P

<D

@

@@

® ®

STEP

CD

3 in

di

splay

IX

Re

gi

ster)

STEP ® 3 d

uplicat

ed

into

Y Register

STE P @ 4

in

d

is

pl

ay

STEP

@)

Product

(1

2)

f

ormed

in

Y,

then

drops

,

nto

X.

"

5 "

6. 30.

".

@l

13

D

0®

@

STEP ® AUl

omatic

~

pushes 12

in

to

Y,

dis-

dIsplay shows 5.

STEP ®

~

pushes y

inl0

Z,

X

inlO

Y,

and leaves x unchanged,

STEP

CV

6,"

di

splay

S

TEP

® Pr

oduci

(30)

formed

in

Y,

then

Z and

y

drop

to

Y and X

STEP ®

Sum

(4

21

formed

in

Y then drops

into

X.

7

8

SOME SIM

PLE

PROBLEMS

Calculations

that

involve

only

one

number

are easier than

the

problems

you've

already

done.

You

iust

key

the

number

(x)

inlo

the

HP-35

and press

the

key

that

does

what

you

want

done.

Let's

try

some eKamples:

(a) Square

Root

of

49

Press

"'"

0 ,.

lID

".

fiil

7.

(b)

Re.::lprocal

0125

Press

"'"

lID

2.

lID

25

.

m.1

"

The x on the

rill

and m

key

means the answer

will

be

the

square

root

or

reciprocal

01

X,

that

is,

of

the

contents

of

the

dlsplaylXl X regIster.

Th

is can be

the

answer

from

a

Ie)

Hypotenuse

of

a right

triang

le of sides 3,

4.

We

wish

10

compute

,13

2 -t 42 Press

"'"

3.

9.

,.

"

25.

,

SECTION

(d)

Find Ihe

area

of

a elrcle

with

a 3

foot

radius, i.e..

A "

JTR2

w!lh R 3 fet't.

Press

"'"

@ 3

I£iiliIl

3.

EI

9 .

~

3.

1 4

15926

5 4

EI

28.

27433

389

P

OW

ERS O F NUM

BERS

We

have

al

readv

set'n

how

to

square

a

number

and

to

take

ilS

reciprocal,

Ihatls,

how

to

lind

Xl

and

X-

I.

The

I'll

key leiS

you

Imd

any

power

of

a posilillC

number.

Sup-

pose

you

wont

to

lind

2xZxZx2x2x2x2

27. In

most

calculators

you·d

have

10

do

all six

mu

l

tiplications.

Here·s

how

YOU

do

it

with

Ihe HP-

35:

Press

S"

Comments

0 7

Enter

the

power.

y.

I£iiliIl 7 Put It

in

Y

lID

2

Enter

the

number,

X.

l'DI

"8

Take

27

The

power

(y)

does

nOt have to

be

a

whole

number:

It

can

be any

number.

The

HP-35

performs

XY

wllh

an

mternal

program using

logarithms

and

the

answers

are

nOI

always

exael

to

Ihe

last

decimal

place (sec Accuracy page 21).

For

e ~

ample,

81/J -4.

but"

you

key

(ID

!mE

@

G

rnJ

III

you

get 3

999999999

Call It

4;

the

error

is

.

000000001,

or

only

one

bl

i

lionthl

9

HP HP-35 User guide

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