HP LaserJet 9000 User manual

Native Language Support:
User's Guide
HP 9000
Computers

Native Language Support:
User's Guide
HP 9000 Computers
Fli..- HEWLETT
a:~ PACKARD
HP Part No. 82355-90036
Printed in
USA August 1992
Third Edition
E0892

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Printing History
New editions of this manual will incorporate all material updated since the
previous edition.
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The
printing date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and
updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change.)
The manual part number changes when extensive technical changes are
incorporated.
May 1990.
First Edition
January 1991. Second Edition
• This edition updates the previous document called Native Language Support
Concepts and Tutorials. This edition includes corrections and additions for
the HP-UX 8.0 release. Major changes and additions include: An overview
of Native Language Support; improved organization to improve access to
information in a more logical sequence; addition of information on supported
codesets; expanded information on localizing international software; added
illustrations
to simplify complex topics; and added depth and coverage on
may topics.
August 1992. Third Edition
• This edition documents the addition to NLS of World Portability Interface
(WPI), and its wide-character encoding. This is a standardized approach
(XPG4) and is the preferred approach.
iii

Contents
1. Overview
UNIX Background .... .
The NLS Concept .... .
The NLS Conceptual Model
Using this Manual ....
Typographical Conventions in This Manual
Related HP-UX
Manuals. . . . . . . . . .
2. Introduction to NLS
Overview of Software Internationalization . . . . . . .
Components
of Internationalizing and Localizing with NLS .
Internationalization . . . . .
Localization . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aspects
of NLS Support . . . .
Character and Text Handling .
Data Integrity . . . . . .
Character Sets and Encoding
Character Type and Conversion
Local Customs and Conventions
Numeric
Formatting. . . . .
Monetary Formatting . . . . .
Display of Time ...... .
Display of Days, Weeks, Months
Collation. . . . . .
Messages
........... .
Language
Variations. . . . . . .
Comparing Strings
and Comparing Characters
Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1-1
1-2
1-4
1-7
1-8
2-1
2-3
2-3
2-3 .
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-6
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-10
2-12
Contents-1

3. Using International Software
NLS Environmental Variables 3-1
Default Values . . . . . 3-3
Setting your Environment . . . . .. 3-4
Setting Your Terminal . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Reference Information for Internationalized Commands 3-5
Internationalized Messages . . . . 3-6
Using Internationalized Commands . . . . . . . . . 3-6
4. Administering International Software
Finding NLS Files .....
The Default User Environment
Installing Message Catalogs
Installing Optional Locales .
Peripheral Configuration . . .
5. Localizing International Software
Localizing the User Environment
Localizing Message Catalogs
The C Locale Messages
Translating Messages
Translation Problems . . . . . .
Installing Localized Messages
Creating a Locale . . . . . .
Script Requirements for localedef
localedef Syntax ...... .
LC_ALL Subcategories
LC_COLLATE Subcategories
Single-Character Element
Multi-character Element .
Ellipsis Symbol . . . . .
UNDEFINED Symbol . . . . . . .
LC_CTYPE Subcategories .
LC_MESSAGES Subcategories
LC_MONETARY Subcategories
LC_NUMERIC Subcategories
LC_TIME Subcategories . . . .
Installing a Language Definition Table .
Contents-2
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-4
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-7
5-8
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-13
5-13
5-15
5-20
5-21
5-24
5-25
5-27

6. Developing International Software
General Programming Issues . . .
Aspects of International
Program Design .
Other Aspects . . . .
Initializing
NLS. . . . . . . .
Setting Program Locale . .
Retrieving Locale Information
Accessing Language Tables . .
Programming with the Worldwide Portability Interface
WPI Interfaces . . . . . . . .
Character and String Processing . . . . .
Character Handling . . . . . . . . . .
Upshifting
and Downshifting Characters .
Identifying Character Traits
Numeric
Formatting. . . . . . . . . .
Date and Time
........... .
Input and Output in Internationalized Programs
Printing
Formatted Output
Reading Formatting Input . . . . . .
Using Flexible Formatting . . . . . .
Example program using wide characters.
Conversion of Existing Programs
Non- WPI Interfaces . . . . . . . .
Character and String Processing
Character Handling . . . . . .
Upshifting
and Downshifting Characters
Identifying Character Traits
Numeric Formatting .
Date and Time . . .
Monetary Formatting
String Comparisons .
Guidelines for Creating Internationalized Programs
6-1
6-2
6-4
6-6
6-6
6-8
6-8
6-12
6-12
6-13
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-16
6-17
6-17
6-17
6-18
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-22
6-22
6-22
6-24
6-25
6-26
6-26
6-28
6-29
Contents-3

7.
The Message Catalog System
Creating and Using a Message Catalog System
7-2
Programming for Messages .
7-3
Opening a Message Catalog with catopen
7-3
Recommended Initialization 7-4
Search Path and Naming Conventions
7-6
Retrieving Messages . 7-7
Closing a Message Catalog
7-8
Default Messages
7-8
Compiling and Linking
7-9
Creating aNew Message Catalog
7-9
The Message Text Source File
7-9
Compiling a Message Catalog .
7-11
An Example of Programming with Message Catalogs
7-11
Special Considerations for Messaging
7-12
Libraries with Messages
7-15
Conversion of Existing Programs for NLS Messaging 7-16
Step 1. Finding Strings in a Program
7-17
Step 2. Removing Non-Messages from the Strings.
7-18
Step 3. Inserting catgets Calls 7-18
Step 4. Editing the Modified Source Program 7-20
Step 5. Editing
the Message Text Source File.
7-20
Step 6. Creating a Message Catalog . 7-20
Testing a Message Catalog
7-21
Installing a Message Catalog 7-22
Source Code Management 7-22
Keeping nl_prog.c Files 7-22
Multi-file Programs 7-22
Adding a Message
to a Messaging Program . 7-23
Using "make" Files 7-24
Guidelines for Using Messaging 7-25
Contents-4

8. Advanced NLS Topics
Codeset Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Character Conversion Command-iconv(l) .
Conversion
Routines-iconv(3C)
Processing Right-to-Left Languages .
Locale
Information
Initialization . . . . . . .
Special Locales . . . . .
Special Message Catalogs
Default Message Catalogs
Programs That Call exec .
Messaging:
printf/scanf Data Formatting
A. Special Topics for HP's 16-bit Interfaces
Aspects of Program Design ..
Code Sets ............ .
Data Integrity . . . . . . . . . . .
Programming with Multi-byte Characters
Version #1 (Single- Byte Codesets)
Version
#2 (Code Set Independent) . .
Conversion of Existing
Programs . . .
Guidelines for Processing Multi-byte
Data
B. Example of Internationalized Software
Example Program Using NLS Routines - rtlcat
Include Files: . . . . . .
External Declarations: .
Forward References:
..
General Constants: . .
Limits:
..... .
Right-to-Left Terminal
Constants: .
Error Message Numbers:
Error Message Strings: .
Types:
..... .
Global Variables:
Main
Program: ..
Makefile Example ..
8-1
8-2
8-2
8-6 .
8-8
8-10
8-10
8-10
8-11
8-11
8-12
A-2
A-3
A-5
A-5
A-6
A-8
A-9
A-I0
B-1
B-2
B-2
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-3
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-15
Contents-5