Ikan OTTICA-4K User manual

- 1 -
OTTICA-4K
Manual
OTTICA NDI HX PTZ Video Camera 12x Optical Zoom POE 4K 60p
www.ikancorp.com [email protected]

- 2 -
1. Getting Started 3
1.1 Camera Interface 3
1.2 Power-On Initial Configuration 4
1.3 Video Output 4
1.4 Mounting Brackets 5
2. Product Overview 7
2.1 Product Introduction 7
2.1.1 Dimensions 7
2.1.2 Accessories 7
2.2 Main Features 8
2.3 Technical Specifications 9
2.4 Interface Instructions 12
2.4.1 External Interface 12
2.4.2 RS-232 Interface 12
3. Application Instructions 14
3.1 Video Output 14
3.2 Remote Control 14
3.2.1 Key Instructions 15
3.3 Menu Introduction 18
3.3.1 Main Menu 18
3.3.2 System Settings 18
3.3.3 Camera Settings 19
3.3.4 P/T/Z 21
3.3.5 Video Format 21
3.3.6 Version 22
3.3.7 Restore Default 22
4. Network Connection 23
4.1 Obtain Camera IP Address 23
4.2 IE Log In 24
4.2.1 Web Client 25
4.2.2 Preview 25
4.2.3 Configuration 25
4.2.4 Audio Configuration 25
4.2.5 Video Configuration 25
4.2.6 Network Configuration 29
4.2.7 System Configuration 30
4.2.8 Logout 32
5. Serial Communication Control 32
5.1 VISCA Protocol List 32
5.1.1 VISCA Protocol Return Command 32
5.1.2 VISCA Protocol Control Command 33
Table of Contents

- 3 -
5.1.3 Inquiry Command 38
5.2 Pelco-D Protocol Command List 41
5.3 Pelco-P Protocol Command List 42
6. Camera Maintenance and Troubleshooting 43
6.1 Camera Maintenance 43
6.2 Troubleshooting 43
Table of Contents (cont.)
1. Getting Started
1.1 Camera Interface
1. Remote Control Receiving Indicator
2. Camera Lens
3. 1/4”-20 Screw Thread
4. 1/4”-20 Screw Thread
5. Power Switch
6. DC12V Input Power Supply Socket
7. LAN Port
8. Rotary DIP Switch
9. RS232 Control Interface (input)
10. RS232 Control Interface (output)
11. RS422/RS485 Input
12. Audio Input Interface
13. USB 3.0 Interface
14. HDMI Output Interface
Figure 1.1 Product Interface

- 4 -
1.2 Power-On Initial Configuration
1.3 Video Output
1. Power-On: Connect the DC12V power supply adapter with the power supply socket.
2. Initial Configuration: Upon powering on, the remote control receiver light will turn on and start
blinking red. The camera head will move and adjust into the HOME position (intermediate
position of both horizontal and vertical). When the remote control receiver light stops
blinking red, it will stay on and turn green; this means the self-checking is finished.
- Note: After the Power-On self-test is completed If you press “set preset” then “0”, the
camera head automatically moves to the preset HOME position any time you press “0”.
The OTTICA has a variety of video outputs including LAN, HDMI and 3G-SDI.
1. Video Output from LAN
2. HDMI Video Output
3. 3G-SDI Video Output
A. Network Cable Connection Port: No.12 in Figure1.1;
B. Webpage Login:
A. HDMI Video Cable Connection: Refer to No.11 in Figure1.1.
B. Connect the camera and monitor via HDMI video cable.
A. 3G-SDI video cable connection: Refer to No.10 in Figure1.1
B. Connect the camera and the monitor via 3G-SDI video cable
- The OTTICA-4K is set to auto DHCP so you’ll need to connect the camera to devices
that can automatically assign an IP address, such as routers and switches.
- Next, you’ll have to use an IP scanning software to find the camera’s IP address (visit
the OTTICA-4K product page at www.ikancorp.com to find a link to our recommended
software for IP scanning).
- Copy and paste the camera’s IP address and paste it into your web browser’s address
bar and press “Enter” to proceed into the login page.
- Enter the user name “admin” and password “admin” (factory default) and press ”Enter”
to proceed into the preview page.
- If you do not have the latest version of Flash installed, click on the button that says “Get
ADOBE Flash Player.”
- After you’ve installed the latest version of flash, the camera feed should be visible and
you can now perform PTZ control, video recording, playback, configuration, and other
operation.
- NOTE: See chapter 4.1 for more details.

- 5 -
1.4 Mounting Brackets
Note: The bracket can only be mounted on a wall or ceiling on either template or concrete wall,
but cannot be installed on plasterboard.
Wall Mount Steps

- 6 -
Ceiling Mount Steps

- 7 -
2.1 Product Introduction
2.1.1 Dimensions
2.1.2 Accessories
When unboxing, check that all the Standard Accessories are included:
Standard Accessories
1 x Power Adapter
1 x RS232 Cable
1 x IR Remote Controller
1 x Wall Mounting Bracket
1 x RS485 Connector
1 x Cascade Cable
Optional Accessories
OTTICA Controller
Ceiling Mount
Wireless Remote Control
2. Product Overview
Figure 2.1 Camera Dimensions

- 8 -
2.2 Main Features
The OTTICA-4K camera is a new UHD 4K camera with 12X optical zoom and a 80.4° wide
angle lens. Featuring with advanced ISP processing algorithms, offering vivid and high
resolution video with a strong sense of depth and fantastic color rendition.
1. 4K UHD Resolution: 1/2.5” high quality SONY CMOS sensor. Up to 4K 60fps Resolution/
Frame rate.
2. Dual Stream Output: USB output can support main stream and sub stream output at the
same time, and can meet the needs of near-end and far-end.
3. Optical Zoom Lens: 12X optical zoom. Wide 80.4° field of view.
4. Multi-format Video Outputs: Supports HDMI, USB 3.0, LAN, and outputs 4K audio and
video simultaneously.
5. Leading Auto Focus Technology: Fast, accurate and stable auto focusing technology.
6. Low Noise and High SNR: The Low Noise CMOS effectively ensures high SNR of the
camera video. Advanced 2D/3D noise reduction technology is also used to further reduce
the noise, while ensuring image sharpness.
7. Multiple Audio/Video Compression Standards: LAN interface supports H.264/H.265 video
compression, USB3.0 interface supports MJPG, H264, YUY2, NV12, H265; supports AAC,
MP3 and G.711A audio compression, 8000, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000 sampling
frequencies.
8. Multiple Network Protocol: Supports NDI, ONVIF, RTSP, RTMP protocols; Support RTMP
push mode, easy to be connected to streaming server (Wowza, FMS); Support RTP
multicast mode; Support network full command VISCA control protocol.
9. Control Interface: RS422 input (compatible with RS485), RS232 input/output, RS232
(cascade connection)
10. Multiple Control Protocol: VISCA, PELCO-D, PELCO-P protocols; Automatic identification
protocols.
11. Multiple presets: Up to 255 presets (10 presets via remote control).
12. Multiple Application: Online-education, Lecture Capture, Webcasting, Video conferencing,
Tele-medicine, Unified Communication, Emergency command and control systems, etc.

- 9 -
2.3 Technical Specifications
Camera Parameters
Optical Zoom 12X; f=3.85 mm ~ 43.06 mm ±5%
View Angle Parallel: 7.59° (N) ~ 80.4° (W)
Vertical: 4.6° (N) ~ 50.0° (W)
AV F1.8 ~ F3.56±5%
Sensor 1/2.5inch SONY CMOS sensor
Effective Pixels 8.51M megapixel 16:9
Video Format
HDMI Video Format
4K@60fps/ 4K@50fps/ 4K@30fps/ 4K@25fps/
1080P@60fps/ 1080P@50fps/ 1080I@60fps/
1080I@50fps/ 1080P@30fps/ 1080P@25fps/
720P@60fps/ 720P@50fps
USB3.0 Interface Video Format
YUY2/NV12: 1920×1080@30/25fps/
1280×720@30/25fps/ 960×540@30/25fps/
640×360@30/25fps/ 640×480@30/25fps/
320×176@30/25fps
MJPEG/H.264/H.265: 3840×2160@30/25fps/
1920×1080@30/25fps/ 1280×720@30/25fps/
960×540@30/25fps/ 640×360@30/
25fps/640×480@30/25fps/ 320×176@30/25fps
USB3.0 is Compatible with USB2.0 Video Format
YUY2/NV12: 640×360@30/25fps/
640×480@30/25fps/ 320×176@30/25fps
MJPEG/H.264/H265: 3840×2160@30/25fps/
1920×1080@30/25fps/ 1280×720@30/25fps/
960×540@30/25fps/ 640×360@30/25fps/
640×480@30/25fps/ 320×176@30/25fps
Minimum Illumination 0.05Lux(F1.8, AGC ON)
DNR 2D﹠3D DNR
White Balance Auto / Manual / One Push/ Specify Color Temperature
Focus Auto / Manual / One Push Focus

- 10 -
Input / Output Interface
Video Interfaces
HDMI, LAN (POE), USB3.0 (Type-B compatible with
USB2.0, A-IN, RS232-IN,
RS232-OUT, RS422 (compatible with RS485), Rotary DIP
switch, DC12V Power Supply, Power Switch
Video Compression Format LAN Interface: H.264, H.265
USB 3.0 Interface: MJPG, H264, YUY2, NV12, H265
Audio Input Interface Double track 3.5mm linear input
Audio Output Interface HDMI, LAN, USB3.0
Audio Compression Format AAC, MP3, G.711A
Network Interface 10M/100M/1000M Adaptive Ethernet port, support POE
power supply, support audio and video output
Network Protocols NDI ,RTSP, RTMP, ONVIF; Network VISCA control protocol:
Support remote upgrade, reboot and reset
Control Interface RS232-IN,RS232-OUT, RS422 compatible with RS485
Serial Communication Protocol VISCA/PELCO-D/PELCO-P
Baud Rate: 115200/38400/9600/4800/2400
USB Communication Protocol UVC (Video), UAC (Audio)
Power Interface HEC3800 outlet (DC12V)
Supply Adapter AC110V~AC220V to DC12V/2.5A
Camera Parameters
Exposure Mode Auto/Manual / Shutter priority / Aperture Priority /
Brightness Priority
Aperture F1.8 - F11
Shutter Speed 1/25 - 1/10000
BLC ON/OFF
WDR OFF/ Dynamic Level Adjustment
Video Adjustment Brightness, Color, Saturation, Contrast, Sharpness, B/W
Mode, Gamma Curve
SNR ≥50dB

- 11 -
PTZ Parameters
Pan Rotation -110° ~ +110°
Tilt Rotation -30° ~ +30°
Pan Control Speed 0.1 -100°/sec
Tilt Control Speed 0.1-70°/sec
Preset Speed Pan: 78.8°/s, Tilt: 31.7°/s
Preset Number 255 presets (10 presets via Remote Control)
Other Parameters
Stored Temperature -10°C ~ +60°C
Storage Humidity 20% ~ 95%
Working Temperature -10°C ~ +50°C
Working Humidity 20% ~ 80%
Dimension 220mm (L) x 144mm (W) x 159mm (H)
Weight 1.7kg
Application Indoor
Input / Output Interface
Input Voltage DC12V±10%
Input Current <1A
Power Consumption <12W

- 12 -
2.4 Interface Instructions
2.4.1 External Interface
Figure 2.5 Wiring Diagram
2.4.2 RS-232 Interface
1. RS-232 Interface Definition
Computer / Keyboard ﹠ Camera Connection Method
Camera Windows DB-9
1. DTR 1. DCD
2. DSR 2. RXD
3. TXD 3. TXD
4. GND 4. DTR
5. RXD 5. GND
6. GND 6. DSR
7. IR OUT 7. RTS
8. NC 8. CTS
9. RI

- 13 -
No. Port Definition
1 DTR Data Terminal Ready
2 DSR Data Set Ready
3 TXD Transmit Data
4 GND System Ground
5 RXD Receive Data
6 GND System Ground
7 IR OUT IR Commander Signal
8 NC No Connection
No. Port Definition
1 DCD Data Carrier Detect
2 RXD Receive Data
3 TXD Transmit Data
4 DTR Data Terminal Ready
5 GND System Ground
6 DSR Data Set Ready
7RTS Request to Send
8 CTS Clear to Send
9 RI Ring Indicator
2. RS-232 Mini-DIN 8-pin Port Definition
3. RS232 (DB9) Port Definition
4. VISCA Networking:
Camera Cascade Connection Method
Camera 1 Camera 2
1. DTR 1. DTR
2. DSR 2. DSR
3. TXD 3. TXD
4. GND 4. GND
5. RXD 5. RXD
6. GND 6. GND
7. IR OUT 7. OPEN
8. NC 8. OPEN
Note: OTTICA-4K has RS232 input and output interface, so you can cascade as shown above.

- 14 -
3. Application Instructions
3.2 Remote Control
3.1 Video Output
Connect to the video output cable: the user can refer to Figure 1.1 product interfaces.
One to One Code Matching:
- Press the “set” and “*” keys combined for 3 seconds, the LED indicator will start flashing.
The indicator will go off if the code matches successfully. The camera can be controlled by
this wireless remote control only after one to one code pairing. Otherwise please clear the
code matching of this remote control, or use another remote control to pair with the camera
again.
- If one to one code matching has failed, the red LED light flashes for 20 seconds and then
goes off and the camera will stop code matching and commence sleep mode. Press any
key to wake up the camera and re-match code.
Note: After code matching is successful, please select the camera address to control it.
Clear Code:
- Press the “set” and “*” keys combined for 3 seconds. The LED indicator will start flashing.
The camera will power off and on and the LED indicator will turn off if the clear code is
successful.
Sleep Mode and Wake Up:
- Press any key to wake up the camera from sleep mode.
1. Network Output: Upon powering on, the remote control receiver light will turn on and start
blinking red. The camera head will move and adjust into the HOME position (intermediate
position of both horizontal and vertical). When the remote control receiver light stops
blinking red, it will stay on and turn green; this means the self-checking is finished.
2. HDMI output: Connect the monitor with the corresponding video output interface.
3. USB3.0 output: Connect the camera to the computer with the USB3.0 interface (blue cable),
open the Device Manager to see whether there is an imaging device and whether the
Universal Serial Bus controllers recognize the USB3.0 device. After properly identified, open
the software, choose the imaging device, and then it will output the image.

- 15 -
3.2.1 Key Instructions
1. Standby Key
After a 3-second long press, the camera will step into
standby mode. After pressing the standby key for 3
seconds again, the camera will self-test again and go
back to the HOME position.
2. Camera Address Selection
Select the camera address to be controlled.
3. Number Keys
Set or run 0-9 presets.
3. # + * Keys
Use for key combinations.
5. Focus Control Key
Auto Focus: Enter into auto focus mode.
Manual Focus: The camera focus mode is manual
Switch the camera focus mode to manual focus by
pressing [focus +] or [focus -] to adjust.
6. Zoom Control Key
Zoom +: Zoom In.
Zoom - :Zoom Out.
7. Set or Clear Preset key:
Set Preset: Sets preset key + 0-9 number key.
Clear Preset: Clears preset key + 0-9 number key.
8. Pan/Tilt Control Key
Press Key: Tilts camera upwards.
Press Key: Tilts camera downwards.
Press Key: Pans camera left.
Press Key: Pans camera right.
“HOME” Key: Returns camera to the middle position. Also
used to enter into the next level menu.
9. BLC Control Key
Back Light ON / OFF: Turn on or off the back light.
10. Menu Setting
Open or close the on-screen-display menu.
Enter / exit the on-screen-display menu or return to the
previous menu.

- 16 -
Camera Selection
- Select the camera address to control.
11. Camera IR Remote Control Address Setting
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F1 ] : Camera Address No. 1
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F2 ] : Camera Address No. 2
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F3 ] : Camera Address No. 3
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F4 ] : Camera Address No. 4
12. Key Combination Functions
Users can control the pan/tilt/zoom, settings and execute preset positions via the IR remote
control.
Key Instructions:
- In these instructions, “press the key” means a click rather than a long-press. A special note
will be given if a long-press for more than one second is required.
- When a key-combination is required, do it in sequence. For example, “[ * ] + [ # ] + [ F1 ]”
means press [ * ] first, then press [ # ], lastly press { F1 ]
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ # ]: Clear all presets [ * ] + [ # ] + [ 6 ]: Restore factory defaults
[ * ] + [ # ] + [ 9 ]: Flip switch [ * ] + [ # ] + Auto: Enter into the aging mode
[ * ] + [ # ] + [ 3 ]: Menu set to Chinese [ * ] + [ # ] + [ 4 ]: Menu set to English
[ * ] + [ # ] + Manual: Restore the default
user name, password, and IP address
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 0 ]:
Switch video format to 1080p60
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 1 ]:
Switch video format to 1080p50
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 2 ]:
Switch video format to 1080i60
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 3 ]:
Switch video format to 1080i50
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 4 ]:
Switch video format to 720p60
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 5 ]:
Switch video format to 720p50
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 6 ]:
Switch video format to 1080p30
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 7 ]:
Switch video format to 1080p25
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 8 ]:
Switch video format to 720p30
[ # ] + [ # ] + [ 9 ]:
Switch video format to 720p25

- 17 -
Preset Setting
- To set a preset position, press the [ SET PRESET ]
key first and then press the number key 0-9 to set a
relative preset.
- Note: 10 preset positions in total are available by
remote control.
Preset Running
- Press a number key 0-9 directly to run a relative preset.
- Note: Action will not be completed if a relative preset
position doesn’t exist.
Preset Clearing
- To clear a preset position, press the [CLEAR PRESET]
key first and then press the number key 0-9 to clear
the relative preset.
- Note: press the [ # ] key three times to clear all presets.
BLC ON / OFF
- Enables and/or disables backlight compensation
Focus Control
- Focus (near):Press FOCUS + Key
(Valid only in manual focus mode)
- Focus (far): Press FOCUS - Key
(Valid only in manual focus mode)
- Pressing and holding the “+” or “–“ keys will result in
the action of focus to continue. Release the key to stop
the action of focus.
- Auto Focus: Enables auto focus function.
- Manual Focus: Enables manual focus function.
Zoom Control
- ZOOM IN: Press Zoom + Key
- ZOOM OUT: Press Zoom - Key
- By pressing and holding the key, the camera lens will
keep zooming in or zooming out and stops as soon as
the key is released.
Pan/Tilt Control
Up: Press Down: Press
Left: Press Right: Press
- Back to middle position: Press HOME
- Press and hold the up/down/left/right key to pan or
tilt the camera. The camera movement will ease from
slow to fast until it reaches the endpoint. The pan/tilt
movement stops as soon as the key is released.

- 18 -
Remote Control Address Setting
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F1 ] : Camera Address No. 1
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F2 ] : Camera Address No. 2
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F3 ] : Camera Address No. 3
[ * ]+ [ # ]+[ F4 ] : Camera Address No. 4
3.3 Menu Introduction
3.3.1 Main Menu
3.3.2 System Settings
Protocol: VISCA / PELCO-P / PELCO-D/ AUTO
Visca ADDR: VISCA = 1~7
PELCO-P = 1~255
PELCO-D = 1~255
Visca Address Fix: ON / OFF
Baud Rate: 2400 / 4800 / 9600 / 115200
Auto Flip: ON / OFF
In normal working mode, press the MENU key to display the menu. Use the scroll arrow to point
at or highlight the selected items.
Move the arrow to the SETUP option in the Main Menu and click the HOME key to enter into the
SETUP Settings Menu.
MENU
========================
Language English
(Setup)
(Camera)
(P/T/Z)
(Video Format)
(Version)
(Restore Default)
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back [ HOME ] OK
SETUP
========================
Protocol Auto
Visca Address 1
Visca Address Fix OFF
PELCO-P Address 1
PELCO-D Address 0
Baud Rate 9600
Auto Flip OFF
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back: Press MENU to Return
[ HOME } OK: Press HOME to Confirm
Language Setting: English / Chinese
Setup: System Settings
Camera: Camera Parameter Settings
PTZ: Pan / Tilt / Zoom Settings
Video Format: Resolution ﹠ Frame Rate
Version: Camera Version Information
Restore Default: Reset All Settings
[ ] Select: Menu Selection
[ ] Change Value: Modify Parameters

- 19 -
3.3.3 Camera Settings
CAMERA
========================
(Exposure)
(Color)
(Image)
(Focus)
(Noise Reduction)
Style Default
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back [ HOME ] OK
EXPOSURE
========================
Mode Auto
EV OFF
BLC OFF
Flicker 50Hz
Gain Limit 6
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back
Move the arrow to desired setting (Exposure,
Color, etc.) option in the CAMERA menu and
click the HOME key to enter.
1. EXPOSURE
- Mode: Auto / Manual / Shutter Priority / Iris
Priority / Brightness Priotity
- EV: ON / OFF (Only available in Auto mode)
- Compensation Level: -7~7 (only available in
auto mode when EV is ON)
- BLC: ON/OFF for options (only available in
auto mode)
- Flicker: OFF/50Hz/60Hz for options (only
available in Auto/Iris priority/Brightness
priority modes)
Move the arrow to the CAMERA option in the Main Menu and click the HOME key to enter into
the CAMERA Settings Menu.
- Gain Limit: 0~15(only available in Auto/ Iris Priority /Brightness Priority mode)
- Shutter Priority: 1/25, 1/30, 1/50, 1/60, 1/90, 1/100, 1/120, 1/180, 1/250, 1/350, 1/500,
1/1000, 1/2000, 1/3000, 1/4000, 1/6000, 1/10000 (only available in Manual and Shutter
priority mode)
- IRIS Priority: OFF, F11.0, F9.6, F8.0, F6.8, F5.6, F4.8, F4.0, F3.4, F2.8, F2.4, F2.0, F1.8 (only
available in Manual and Iris priority mode)
- Brightness: 0~23 (only available in Brightness Priority mode)

- 20 -
COLOR
========================
WB Mode Auto
RG Tuning -10
BG Tuning -10
Saturation 100%
Hue 7
AWB Sensitivity High
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back
FOCUS
========================
Focus Mode Auto
AF-Zone Center
AF-Sensitivity Low
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back
IMAGE
========================
Brightness 7
Contrast 7
Sharpness 6
Flip-H OFF
Flip-V OFF
B﹠W-Mode Color
Gamma Default
DZoom OFF
DCI Close
Low-Light Mode Close
[ ] Select [ ] Change Value
[ MENU ] Back
2. COLOR
- WB Mode: Auto, 3000K, 3500K, 4000K,
4500K, 5000K, 5500K, 6000K, 500K,
7000K, Manual, One Push
- RG Tuning: -10 ~ 10
(only available in Automatic mode)
- BG Tuning: -10 ~ 10
(only available in Automatic mode)
- Red Gain: 0~255
(only available in Manual Mode)
- Blue Gain: 0~255
(only available in Manual Mode)
- Saturation: 60% ~ 200%
(in increments of 10%)
- Hue 0 ~ 14
- AWB Sensitivity: High/Middle/Low
4. FOCUS
- Focus Mode: Auto, Manual
- AF-Zone: Up, Middle, Down
- AF-Sensitivity: High, Middle, Low
3. IMAGE
- Brightness: 0~14
- Contrast: 0~14
- Sharpness: 0~15
- Flip Horizontal: On/Off
- Flip Vertical: On/Off
- B﹠W Mode: Color, Black/White
- Gamma: default, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.63
- Digital Zoom Options: On/Off
- Dynamic Contrast: Off, 1~8
- Low-Light Mode: On/Off
Table of contents
Other Ikan Camcorder manuals
Popular Camcorder manuals by other brands

foc.us
foc.us FireStore FS-3 user guide

Silvercrest
Silvercrest DV-5200HD User manual and service information

Easypix
Easypix Cruiser DVC2712 user manual

Blackmagicdesign
Blackmagicdesign Blackmagic URSA Installation and operation manual

Oki
Oki Hard Disk Drive installation instructions

Panasonic
Panasonic AG-AC30 Handbook