Keithley 195A User manual

Model 195A
Digital Multimeter
Instruction Manual
105A DIGriAt MULTIMETER
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SENSE OHMS
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AUTO
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PROG
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Contains Operating and Servicing Information
KEITH LEY

WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for aperiod of 1year from date of
shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries,
diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will
be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs
will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the origi-
nal warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTV
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of
any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or
problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE
BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDI-
RECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND
SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL
AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
KEITHLEY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. •28775 Aurora Road •Cleveland, OH 44139 •216-248-0400 •Fax: [phone] •http://www.keithley.com
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Model 195A Digital Multimeter
Instruction Manual
©1984, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Test Instrumentation Group
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
April 1991, Sixth Printing
Document Number: 195A-901-01 Rev. F

SPECIFICATIONS
DC VOLTS
{SVz Digits) ACCURACYtt TEMPERATURE
±(%rdg +counts) COEFFICIENT
RANGE RESO- LUTION INPUT
RESISTANCE 24Hr.,
23°±1°C 1Yr.,
18°-28°C ±(%rdg +counts)/°C 0°-18°C &28°-50°C
20mV 100 nV >1G12 0.01+40 0.025 +40 0.003 +2
200mV 1fxV >1G12 0.01+ 60.025+ 60.003 +0.5
2VWfN >1G12 0.01+ 80.020+ 80.003 +0.5
20 V100 ^V 10M12 0.01+ 60.030+ 60.003 +0.5
200 VImV 10M12 0.01+ 80.025+ 80.003 +0.5
1000 VlOmV 10M12 0.01+ 60.025+ 60.003 +0.5
tAfter pushbutton or bus zeroing.
$ln digit mode, counts =±2 (except ±4 on 20mV range after zeroing).
NMRR: Greater than 60dB at 50 or 60Hz.
CMRR: Greater than 120dB at DC and 50 or 60Hz (with Ikfi in either lead).
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 1000V peak.
BENCH READING RATE: 5readings/second.
OHMS
{SVz Digits) ACCURACYtt TEMPERATURE
±{%rdg +counts) COEFFICIENT
RANGE RESO- LUTION OUTPUT
1short Vopen 24Hr.,
123°±1°C 1Yr.,
18°-28°C ±(%rdg +counts)/°C
0°-18°C &28°-50°C
20 12 100/412 -2mA -2V 0.015 +25 0.025 +25 0.003 +2
200 12 1ml2 -2mA -2V 0.015 +70.025 +70.003 +0.5
2kl2 10ml2 -2mA -2V 0.015 +50.022 +50.003 +0.5
20 kl2 100ml2 -20 iiA -2V 0.015 +70.025 +70.003 +0.5
200 kl2 112 -20 /4A -2V 0.015 +50.022 +50.003 +0.5
2M12 10 12 -200 nA -2V 0.03 +70.050 +70.015+1
20M12 100 12 -200 nA -2V 0.06 +50.100 +50.025+1
tAfter pushbutton or bus zeroing.
tin 4y2-digit mode, counts= ±2 (except ±4 on 2012 range after zeroing).
CONFIGURATION: Automatic 2- or 4-terminal.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 360V peak or 250V rms.
BENCH READNG RATE: 3readings/second except 20M12 range, 1reading/second.
TEMPERATURE
(Sy2Digits)
TRMS AC VOLTS (Option 1950)
(5!^ Digits) ACCURACY (1 Year)t
±(%rdg +counts)
RESO- 18°-28°C
RANGE LUTION 20Hz-45Hz 45Hz-10kHz 10kHz-20kHz 20kHz-50kHz
200mV* 1/4V 0.8 +200 0.3 +200 0.7 +200 2.0 +300
2V10 /4V 0.8 +200 0.3 +200 0.7 +200 2.0 +250
20 V100 /iV 0.8 +200 0.3 +200 0.7 +200 1.5 +250
200 VImV 0.8 +200 0.3 +200 0.7 +200 1.5 +250
700 VlOmV 0.8 +200 0.3 +200 0.7 +200 1.5 +250
tiln 414 digit mode, divide count error by 10.
*Above ImV.
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (0°-18°C &28°-50°C): Less than ±(0.1 xappli-
cable accuracy specification )/°C.
RESPONSE: True root mean square, AC coupled.
CREST FACTOR (ratio of peak to rms): Up to 3:1 allowable.
INPUT IMPEDANCE: 2M12 shunted by less than 75pF.
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 1000V peak, IOVHz.
BENCH READING RATE: 3readings/second.
CMRR: Greater than 60dB at DC, 50 or 60Hz (with Ikfi in either lead).
BANDWIDTH: -3dB at 250kHz typical.
DC AMPS (Option 1950)
(514 Digits)
TEMPERATURE
RANGE RESO- LUTION
ACCURACY (1 YEAR)n
+(%rdg +counts)
18°-28°C
COEFFICIENT
±(%rdg +counts)/°C
0°-18°C &28°-50°C
MAXIMUM
VOLTAGE
BURDEN
20 ptA lOOpA 0.14+40t 0.01+2 0.03V
200 /4A InA 0.09+10 0.01+0.5 0.25V
2mA lOnA 0.09+10 0.01+0.5 0.25V
20mA lOOnA 0.09+10 0.01+0.5 0.25V
200mA I/4A0.09+10 0.01+0.5 0.28V
2AIO/4A0.09+10 0.01+0.5 1V
tin 4)4 digit mode, counts =±2 (except ±4 on 20/tA range after zeroing).
tAfter pushbutton or bus zeroing.
OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 2A fuse (250V), externally accessible.
BENCH READING RATE: 5readings/second.
4-WIRE TEMPERATURE
ACCURACY^ COEFFICIENT
RESO- ±(%rdg +counts) ±(%rdg-i-counts)/°C
SPAN LUTION 1YR„ 18”-28^C QQ-18°C &28°-50°C
°C
-200.00° to 230.00° 0.01° 0.03 +10 0.003 +0.4
230.00° to 630.00° 0.01° 0.03 +40 0.003 +4
-220.00° to -200.00° 0.01° 0.03 +40 0.003 +4
-328.00° to 446.00° 0.01° 0.03 -h 18 0.003 +0.7
446.00° to 1100.00° 0.01° 0.03 +72 0.003 +7
-360.00° to -328.00° 0.01° 0.03 +72 0.003 +7
^Autorange mode, excluding probe errors.
RTD TYPE: 10012 platinum; DIN 43 760 or IPTS-68, Programmable alpha and delta
3- or 4-wire.
MAXIMUM LEAD RESISTANCE (each lead): 4-wire: 2512.
3-wire: 1512.
SENSOR CURRENT: 1.0mA maximum, RMS.
BENCH READING RATE: 1.2 reading per second.
MAXIMUM COMMON MODE VOLTAGE: 500V (42V with Model 1951 connected).
COMMON MODE REJECTION: Less than 0.005°C/volt at DC, 50Hz and 60Hz
(10012 unbalance, LO driven).
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 360V peak, 250V rms.
TRMS AC AMPS (Option 1950)
(5V2 Digits)
RANGE RESO-
LUTION
ACCURACY (1 YEAR)t*
45Hz-10kHz
±(%rdg +counts)
18°-28°C
TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT
±(%rdg +counts)/°C
0°-18°C &28°-50°C
MAXIMUM
VOLTAGE
BURDEN
200 fxA InA 0.6 +250 0.04+10 0.25V
2mA lOnA 0.6 +250 0.04+10 0.25V
20mA lOOnA 0.6 +250 0.04+10 0.25V
200mA 1/4A 0.6 +250 0.04+10 0.28V
2A10 /4A 0.6 +250 0.04+10 1V
tin 414 digit mode, divide count error by 10.
*Above 0.5% of range.
RESPONSE: True root mean square, AC coupled.
CREST FACTOR (ratio of peak to rms): Up to 3:1 allowable.
OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 2A fuse (250V), externally accessible.
BENCH READING RATE: 3readings/second.

IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION
Multiline Commands: DCL, LLO, SDC, GET, GTL, UNT, UNL, SPE, SPD.
Uniline Commands: IFC, REN, EOl, SRQ, ATN.
Interface Functions: SHI, AH1, T5, TEO, L4, LEO, SRI, RL1, PPO, DC1,
DTI, CO, El.
Programmable Parameters: Range, Function, Zero, Integration Period, Averaging,
EOl, Trigger, Terminator, Delay*, 100-rdg. Storage, Calibration, Display, Multiplex
Off, Status, Service Request, Self Test, Output Format.
*First reading is correct when step input is coincident with trigger.
Conversion Rates (DC Volts):
MAXIMUM
USEABLE INTEGRATION TRIGGER TO READING
RESOLUTION PERIOD FIRST BYTE OUT RATEt
3V2 Digit 3.3 ms 17ms 76
472 Digit 16.66mst 30ms 36
572 Digit 100 ms 114ms 9
tReadings/second.
tZOms at 50Hz.
Address Modes: TALK ONLY and ADDRESSABLE.
FRONT PANEL PROGRAMS
0Clear— Cancels program mode.
1Non-Volatile RAM Storage—Store programs 3, 4, 5, 6and 8data in NVRAM
2Multiplex— Defeats input amplifier multiplexing.
3IEEE bus mode-ADDRESSABLE and TALK ONLY entry.
4Line Frequency— Selects 50Hz or 60Hz operation.
5Calibration —Performs digital calibration.
6Temperature-Allows °C and °F temperature measurements.
7Data Logger—Allows 100-reading storage at 9programmable rates; also stores
highest, lowest and average reading.
8Diagnostics—Troubleshooting aid and self-test.
9Trigger— Enables front panel or external triggering.
GENERAL
DISPLAY: Six 0.5" LED digits with decimal point, exponent and polarity. Function
and IEEE bus status also displayed.
RANGING: Manual or fast autoranging (150ms per range change on DCV).
ISOLATION: Input LO to IEEE LO or power line ground: 500V max, 5x10^
V«Hz; greater than lO^fi paralleled by 300pF.
WARMUP: 1hour to rated accuracy.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT: 0°-50°C, 0% to 80% relative humidity up to 35°C.
STORAGE ENVIRONMENT: -25° to 65°C.
POWER: 105-125V or 210-250V (internal switch selected), 50Hz to 400Hz, 24V*A
maximum. 90-1 10V and 180-220V version available upon request.
CONNECTORS: Analog: Switch selectable front or rear, 5-way gold plated binding
posts. Digital: Trigger input and Voltmeter Complete output on rear panel, BNCs.
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT: 127mm high x216mm wide x359mm deep (5" x872"
X141/8 "). Net weight 3.2kg (7 lbs.).
Specifications subject to change without notice.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph Title
SECTION 1-GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Model 195A Features
1.3 Warranty Information
1.4 Manual Addenda
1.5 Safety Symbols and Terms
1.6 Specifications
1.7 Unpacking and Inspection
1.8 Preparation For Use
1.8.1 Line Power
1.8.2 Line Voltage Selection
1.8.3 Line Frequency
1.8.4 IEEE Primary Address
1.8.5 Model 195A Option Preparation
1.9 Repacking For Shipment
1.10 Using the Model 195A Instruction Manual
1.11 Accessories
1.11.1 Model 1019 Rack Mounting Kit
1.1 1.2 Model 1600A High Voltage Probe
1.11.3 Model 1641 Kelvin Test Lead Set
1.11.4 Model 1651 50-Ampere Shunt
1.11.5 Model 1681 Clip-On Test Lead Set
1.11.6 Model 1682A RF Probe
1.1 1.7 Model 1683 Universal Test Lead Kit
1.11.8 Model 1685 Clamp-On AC Current Probe
1.11.9 Model 1691 General Purpose Test Lead Kit
1.11.10 Model 1950 AC Voltage; AC and DC Current Option ..
1.11.11 Model 1951 Input Adapter Box
1.11.12 Model 7008 IEEE-488 Cable
1.11.13 Model 8691 Connector Kit
1.11.14 Model 8693 General Purpose Emmersion Probe
1.11.15 Model 8695 Surface Probe
1.11.16 Model 8696 Air/Gas Probe
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SECTION 2-BASIC DMM OPERATION
2.1Introduction
2.2 Front Panel Familiarization
2.2.1 Controls
2.2.2 Terminals
2.2.3 Display and Indicators
2.2.4 Tilt Bail
2.3 Rear Panel Familiarization
2.3.1 Connectors and Terminals
2.3.2 INPUTS Switch
2.3.3 Fuses
2.4 Power-Up Procedure
2.5 Display Message
2.5.1 Overflow Indication
2.5.2 No Option Message
2.6 Control Selection
2.6.1 Function
2.6.2 Range
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)
2.6.3 Using Zero
2.6.4 Filtering
2.6.5 Display Resolution
2.6.6 Input Terminal Selection
2.7 Triggering
2.7.1 Front Panel Triggering
2.7.2 External Trigger
2.7.3 Voltmeter Complete
2.7.4 Triggering Example
2.8 Basic Measurements
2.8. 1DC Voltage Measurements
2.8.2 Resistance Measurements
2.8.3 Temperature Measurements
2.8.4 AC Voltage Measurements
2.8.5 DC Current Measurements
2.8.6 AC Current Measurements
2.9 TRMS Considerations
2.9.1 TRMS Measurement Comparison
2.9.2 Crest Factor
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SECTION 3FRONT PANEL PROGRAMS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Programming Controls
3.3 Front Panel Program Display Messages
3.4 Programming Notes
3.5 Program Description
3.5. 1Program 0. Clear
3.5.2 Program 1.Non-Volatile Storage
3.5.3 Program 2. Multiplex
3.5.4 Program 3. IEEE Address and Talk-Only Mode
3.5.5 Program 4. Line Frequency
3.5.6 Program 5. Digital Calibration
3.5.7 Program 6. Temperature Measurement
3.5.8 Program 7. Data Logger
3.5.9 Program 8. Diagnostics
3.5.10 Program 9. Trigger Mode
3.6 Programming Scaling Factors
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SECTION 4IEEE-488 OPERATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bus Description
4.3 IEEE-488 Bus Lines
4.3.1 Bus Management Lines
4.3.2 Handshake Lines
4.3.3 Data Lines
4.4 Bus Commands
4.4.1 Uniline Commands
4.4.2 Universal Commands
4.4.3 Addressed Commands
4.4.4 Unaddress Commands
4.4.5 Device-Dependent Commands
4.5 Command Codes
4.6 Command Sequence
4.6.1 Addressed Command Sequence .
.
4.6.2 Universal Command Sequence ..
.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)
4.6.3
Device-Dependent Command Sequence
4.7 Hardware Considerations
4.7.1 Typical Controlled Systems
4.7.2 Bus Connections
4.7.3 Primary Address Programming
4.7.4 Talk-Only Mode
4.8 Software Considerations
4.8.1 Controller Interface Routines
4.8.2 HP-85 BASICStatements
4.8.3 Interface Function Codes
4.8.4 Model 195 Interface Commands
4.9 General Bus Command Programming
4.9.1 REN (Remote Enable)
4.9.2 IFC (Interface Clear)
4.9.3 LLO (Local Lockout)
4.9.4 GTL (Go To Local)
4.9.5 DCL (Device Clear)
4.9.6 SDC (Selective Device Clear)
4.9.7 GET (Group Execute Trigger)
4.9.8 Serial Polling (SPE, SPD)
4.10 Device-Dependent Command Programming
4.10.1 Execute (X)
4.10.2 Function (F)
4.10.3 Range (R)
4.10.4 Rate(S)
4.10.5 Zero Command (Z)
4.10.6 Filter
4.10.7 Triggering (T)
4.10.8 EDI (K)
4.10.9 Multiplex (A)
4.10.10 Delay (W)
4.10.11 Status Word (U)
4.10.12 SRQ Mode (M) and Status Byte Format
4.10.13 Buffer Command (Q and B)
4.10.14 Data Format (G)
4.10.15 Digital Calibration (D)
4.10.16 Non-Volatile Memory Storage (L)
4.10.17 Self Test (J)
4.10.18 Programming Terminator (Y)
4.10.19 Hit Button (H)
4.10.20 Display (D)
4. 1 1 Front Panel Error Messages
4.11.1 IDDC Error
4.11.2 IDDCO Error
4. 11.3 No Remote Error
4.12 Reading Rates
SECTION 5PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Environmental Conditions
5.3 Recommended Test Equipment
5.4 Initial Conditions
5.5 Verification Procedure
5.5.1 DC Voltage Accuracy Check
5.5.2 Resistance Accuracy Check
5.5.3 AC Voltage Accuracy Check (with Model 1950 Option)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)
5.5.4 DC Current Accuracy Check (with Model 1950 Option)
5.5.5 AC Current Accuracy Check (with Model 1950 Option)
5.5.6 Temperature Accuracy Check
SECTION 6THEORY OF OPERATION
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overall Functional Description
6.3 Analog Circuitry
6.3.1 Input Switching and Multiplexer
6.3.2 Input Buffer Amplifier
6.3.3 -2V Reference Source
6.3.4 A/D Converter
6.4 Digital Circuitry
6.4. 1Microcomputer Block Diagram
6.4.2 Memory Mapping
6.4.3 Address Decoding
6.4.4 Microcomputer Reset
6.4.5 6522 VIA
6.4.6 IEEE Interface
6.4.7 Display Board
6.4.8 Serial-Parallel Conversion
6.5 Power Supply
6.6 Model 1950 AC/Current Option
6.7 Circuit Operation During Measurements
6.7.1 DC Voltage Measurement
6.7.2 Circuit Operation During Resistance Measurements
6.7.3 2- and 4-Terminal Resistance Considerations
6.7.4 Circuit Operation During Model 1950 Option Measurements
6.8 Temperature Measurement
6.8.1 RTD Resistance Measurement
6.8.2 FET Switching Sequence
6.8.3 Reading Calculations
SECTION 7MAINTENANCE
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Line Voltage Selection
7.3 Fuse Replacement
7.3.1 Line Fuse
7.3.2 Amps Fuse
7.4 Model 1950 AC/Amps Option Installation
7.5 Calibration
7.5.1 Recommended Calibration Equipment
7.5.2 Environmental Conditions
7.5.3 Warm-Up Period
7.5.4 DC Voltage Calibration
7.5.5 Resistance Calibration
7.5.6 AC Voltage Calibration
7.5.7 AC and DC Current Calibration
7.5.8 Temperature Calibration
7.5.9 Non-Volatile Storage of Calibration Constants
7.5.10 Calibration Jumpers
7.6 Special Handling of Static Sensitive Devices
7.7 Disassembly Instructions
7.8 Troubleshooting
7.8.1 Recommended Test Equipment
7.8.2 Power-Up Self Diagnostics
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IV