KINETICS FastPath 4 User manual

FastPath
4
Gateway
KINETICS
FastPathw
4
Gate
way
Installation
Guide
Publication
No. 4200094-00
Revision
A

FastPath
4
Gateway
This manual
and any software associated
with this
product
are
copyrighted with
all rights reserved.
Under
the
copyright
laws, this
manual or the
software may not be copied,
in
whole
or
in part, without
the written consent of Kinetics,
Inc., except
in the
normal use of the
software to make
a
backup copy. The same
proprietary and copyright
notices
must be affixed to any permitted
copies as were
affixed to the
original. This exception
does not allow
copies to be made
for others,
whetheror
not sold, but all of the
material purchased
(with
backup
copies)
may
be sold, given,
or loaned to another
person.
Under
the law,
copying
includes translating
into another language or
format.
Copyright
© 1988 Kinetics,
Inc.
2540
Camino
Diablo
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
(415)
947-0998
EtherPort,
EtherSC, FastPath,
FastPath Manager, K-Spool,
Kinetics,
and K-Talk are trademarks
of Kinetics, Inc., which
is
a
division
of
Excelan,
Inc.
Apple, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter,
and Macintosh are
registered trademarks
of Apple Computer,
Inc.
AppleShare, Apple IIGS,
and LocalTalk
are
trademarks
of Apple Computer, Inc.
Ethernet is
a
trademark of Xerox Corporation.
UNIX is
a
trademark of
AT&T.
C
L
H

.1
:111.
1
11
Federal
Communications
Commission
Warning
The
FastPath
4
gateway
generates, uses,
and
can radiate
radio-frequency
energy
and,
if
not
installed
and
used
in
accordance with
the
instruction
manual,
may
cause
interference
to radio
communications.
It has
been
tested
and found
to
comply
with
the
limits
for
a
aass
A
computing
device,
pursuant
to
Subpart
J
of
Part
15
of the
Federal
Communications
Commission
(FCC)
Rules,
which
are designed
to provide
reasonable protection against
such
interference
when operated
in
a
commercial
environment.
Operation of
this
equipment
in
a
residential
area
is likely
to cause
interference,
in
which
case
the
user,
at
his own
expense,
will
be required
to
take
whatever
measures
may
be
required
to
correct
the interference.
The
FCC
rules
are
designed
to provide
reasonable
protection
against
such
interference
in
a commercial
installation.
However,
there
is no
guarantee that
interference
will
not
occur
in
a
particular
installation.
If
this
equipment
does
cause
interference
to radio or
television
reception, which
can
be
determined
by
turning
the
equipment
off
and
on, try
to
correct
the
interference
by one or
more
of
the
following
measures:
•
Reorient
the
receiving
antenna.
•
Relocate
the
equipment
with
respect
to
the receiver.
•
Move
the
equipment away
from the
receiver.
• Plug
the
equipment into
a different
outlet,
so
the
equipment
and
the receiver are on
different branch
circuits.
If
necessary,
consult
Kinetics
or
an
experienced radio-television
technician
for
additional
suggestions.
You
might
find
the
following
FCC
booklet
helpful:
How
to Identify
and
Resolve
Radio-TV
Interference
Problems,
U.S.
Government
Printing
Office,
Washington,
DC 20402,
Stock
No.
004-000-0034504.
• III

FastPath 4
Gateway
Manual Revision
History
Manual
Revision
Date
Summary of Changes
A
July 21, 1988
Initial release,
FastPath
4
GatewayInstallation
Guide,
Publication
No. 4200094-00.
C
Iv.

FastPa th
4 Gateway
Preface
The Kinetics
FastPath
gateway
connects
a
PhoneNET,
LocalTalk,
or
equivalent
AppleTalk
local-area
network
(LAN)
with
an IEEE
802.3, Ethernet, or
thin-Ethernet
LAN. The gateway needs
an
external
transceiver
to complete
the
network
connection
to a
standard
Ethernet
LAN; it
does not need an external
transceiver
for connecting
to
a thin-Ethernet
LAN.
When properly
connected, the
gateway allows devices
on one kind of
network
to communicate
with
devices
on the
other kind
of network.
This manual
is intended
for users who
want to use one or
more
FastPath gateways
to
combine two or more
LANs into
an
internet.
The following
publications contain
detailed information about
AppleTalk
network
equipment,
standards, and uses:
1.
LocalTalk
Cable
System
Owner’s
Guide,
Apple
Computer.
Supplied with
LocalTalk
connector
kits,
this
is the
place
to
start
for
information
on installing
LocalTalk network
hardware.
It
replaces
the
AppleTalk
Personal Network
Guide.
2.
PhoneNET
User’s
Guide,
Farallon
Computing. Supplied
with
PhoneNET
connector
kits,
this
is the place
to start for
information
on
installing
PhoneNET
network hardware.
3.
InsideMacintosh,
Addison-Wesley
Publishing
Company,
Inc. All
five
volumes are available
in
bookstores, from
Apple
Computer, and from the
publisher.
The
AppleTalk
Manager
chapter
provides
detailed
information
about
programming
the
Macintosh
to work
in
AppleTalk
networks.
It
also
provides
background information about
the AppleTalk
architecture.
4.
Inside
AppleTalk,
Apple Computer.
This
provides the
complete
AppleTalk
network
specification.

The following publications contain
detailed information about
Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 network standards and uses:
5. The
Ethernet: A Local Area
Network: Data Link Layer
and
Physical Layer Specifications,
DEC, Intel, and Xerox
Corporations,
Version 2.0, November 1982.
6. Carrier Sense Multiple
Access
with Collision
Detection
(CSMA/CD)
Access
Method and Physical
Layer
Specifications
(ANSI/IEEE
Standard
802.3-1985), (ISO/DIS 8802/3),
IEEE,
1985, available from IEEE, 345 East 47th Street,
New
York,
NY 10017. This provides the Ethernet standard.
7. Networks
and Communications
Buyer’s
Guide,
available from
Digital Equipment Corporation.
This provides
information on
installing cable and
cable connections for
DEC networks.
The
following RFCs (Requests for
Comment)
define standard
network practices. Each of them is available from the
Defense
Technical Information Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria,
VA 22314; or from the DDN Network Information Center
(MC),
SRI International,
333
Ravenswood Avenue, Room EJ291,
Menlo Park, CA 94025.
8.
Mogul,
J.,
and
J.
Postel, Internet Standard
Subnetting
Procedure, RFC
950,
August 1985. This RFC describes
a
method
for implementing subnets and
is the basis for the
4.3BSD subnetting scheme of
the
University of
California
at
Berkeley.
9.
Reynolds,
J.,
and
J.
Postel, Internet Numbers, RFC 997,
March 1987. This RFC, or its successor, is the official
status
report on I? network
numbers.
10. Braden, R., and
J.
Postel, Requirements forlnternet
Gateways, RFC 1009, June 1987. This lengthy RFC defines
the formal requirements for gateways used on IF
networks.
vi

The
following
document
describes
the
ISO
Open
Systems
Interconnection
Reference
Model:
11.
Reference
Model
of
Open
Systems
Interconnection,
Document
No.
ISO/TC97/SCI6
N227,
International
Organization
for
Standardization
(ISO),
Document
No.
ISO
7498-1984(E).
The
following
Kinetics and Excelan
publications
can
also
help
you establish
your
internet:
12.
Counterpart,
Kinetics,
Inc.
This
third-party
vendor
catalog
lists
sources
for
equipment
and
software
that
can be
used
with
Kinetics
products.
13.
Excelan
Product
Catalog,
Excelan,
Inc.
This
catalog
lists
all
current
Excelan
and
Kinetics
products.
14.
Fast
Path
Programmer
Manual,
Kinetics,
Inc.
This
manual
provides information
for programming
the
FastPath
gateway
to
convert protocols
other than
AppleTalk.
15.
Network
Primer,
Kinetics,
Inc. This
publication
introduces
the
language
and
components
of Macintosh
network
operation.
It
discusses
hardware,
software,
standards,
and
protocols.
vii

FastPath_4_Gateway
____________________
This guide
describes
how
to
install, configure,
and
test the
FastPath gateway
hardware
and software.
In
both
the hardware
and software phases,
the instructions
begin with
a
short
list
of
the procedure
for experienced
users,
then proceed
with
detailed
procedures
for
new users. The
appendices provide
reference
material to
help
you make
the best use
of FastPath gateways.
Chapter
1, “Introduction,’ t
provides
an overview
of the
functions
and
capabilities
of
the
FastPath gateway.
Chapter
2, “Physical
Installation,”
describes
how
to physically
install
the
FastPath
gateway.
Chapter
3,
“Software
Installation,”
describes
how
to
configure
the gateway
by
interactively
specifying
the necessary
data, by
loading
a
prepared
file, or
by
letting
the gateway
configure
itself
automatically.
You
can use standard
AppleTalk!
EtherTalk
muting,
Internet Protocol
(U’)
subnet routing, or
K1P-Style
Addressing
and Routing
(K-STAR).
This chapter
also describes
how
to
load
a
gateway program.
Chapter
4, “Troubleshooting,”
describes
solutions
to some
of the
common problems that you might
encounter.
Chapter
5,
‘Network
Utilities,”
describes
Look
and
Echo, which
are
network
utility programs that
can
help
you analyze
your
internet.
Appendix
A, “Glossary,”
is a
glossary
of some of
the
technical
terms used
in
this
manual.
Appendix
B,
“Technical
Specifications,”
provides
technical
specifications
of
the FastPath
hardware.
Appendix
C, ‘Decimal-Hexadecimal Conversion,”
is
a
chart
for
converting
numbers
between
decimal
and hexadecimal
notation.
About
this
Guide
C
C
C
viii

Appendix
D, “AppleTalk
Considerations,” provides
a brief
description
of the
hardware that
forms the physical
part of
an
AppleTalk
network, along
with some of its restrictions.
Appendix
E, “Ethernet
Considerations,”
provides a brief
description
of Ethernet
hardware and some
of its
restrictions.
Appendix F, “Internet
Addressing and
Berkeley Subnetting,”
provides
a
technical
discussion of
Internet addressing and
Berkeley
subnetting.
Appendix
G,
“FastPath
Diagnostic
Messages,”
provides
a
list
of
messages you can receive
from
FastPath
software.
Appendix
H, “Support Information,”
describes
how
to
contact
Kinetics for
assistance.
An
index is provided
at the end of
this
guide
for
easy
cross-reference.
• Ix

C
C

Contents
Preface
About
this Guide
xvii
Chapter
1
Introduction
Easy
Installation
1-2
Network Differences
1-3
Internet Complexity
1-3
FastPath4 Hardware
1-4
FastPath
Software
1-6
FastPath Manager
1-6
Gateway Software
1-7
AppleTalk
and
EtherTalk Routing
1-7
Internet
Protocol
Routing
1-7
K-STAR
Routing
1-8
Help
Areas
1-8
LocalTalk
Connection
1-9
Ethernet
Connection
1-10
Planning an
Internet
1-10
Connection
Devices
1-10
Multiple
LocalTalk
Networks
1-12
Bridges
1-13
Zones
1-13
Host
Computers
1-14
Contents
• xl

FastPath
4
Gateway
Chapter
2
Physical
Installation
Quick
Procedure
Before You
Begin
Equipment
Requirennts
AppleTalk
Standard
Ethernet
Thin
Ethernet
Using
Existing
Cable
.
Detailed
Installation
Procedure
Hardware
Self-Testing
.
Fatal
Problems
Nonfatal Problems
Chapter
3
Software
Installation
Automatic
Configuration
Setup Summary
Launching FastPath Manager
Monitoring
Diagnostic Messages
Selecting a
Gateway
Configuring
a Gateway
Loading
a
Configuration
File
Configuring Manually
Configuring
for AppleTalk
Only
Main
Configuration
Window
Name
Gateway
Area
AppleTalk
Side Area
Ethernet
Side Area
.
Help Area
Switches
Buttons
Log Messages
Window
Options Window
2-1
2-I
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-9
2-10
2-10
3-i
3-3
3-4
34
3-5
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-14
3-15
C
C
C
xli •
Contents

FastPath
4
Gateway
Chapter
4
Troubleshooting
Inspection
of Equipment
and
Connections
Problems
during
Installation
Unable
to
Load
Can’t
Find
Gateway
IP Setup
Errors
Chapter
3
Software Installation
(continued)
Configuring
for IP
Subnefting
3-18
Subnet Data
Window
3-18
IP
Subnetwork
Mask
3-19
Gateway
IP
Addresses
3-19
Default Router
3-19
Class Area
3-19
Help
Area and
Buttons
3-19
Configuring
for
K-STAR
3-20
K-STAR
Configuration
Guidelines
3-21
K-STAR
Data
Window
3-23
IP
Information
Area
3-23
Administrator
Area
3-24
UDP
Side Area
3-24
Table
Sizes
Area
3-25
Buttons
3-25
Servers
and
Parameters Window
3-25
Servers
Area
3-25
Local
Parameters
Area
3-26
Buttons
3-26
Printing
a Configuration
3-26
Saving
a
Configuration
File
3-26
Loading the
Gateway
Program
3-28
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-4
Contents
• XIII

FastPath
4
Gateway
Chapter
5
Network
Utilities
Look
5-i
What
Look Provides
5-2
How to Start
and
Stop
Look
5-3
Using the
Windows
in Look
5-3
The
AppleTalk
Traffic
Window
5-4
The RTMP
Packets Window
5-4
Window Contents
5-4
Interpretation
of RTMP
Packets
5-6
RTMP
Packet
Structure 5-7
The Diagnostic
Packets Window
5-8
Window Contents
5-9
Diagnostic
Packet
Alarm
5-9
Trapping
a
Specific Diagnostic Packet
5-10
Controlling
Data Collection
and
Storage
5-11
Stopping
Packet Collection
5-li
Saving Packet
Information in
a
Text
File
5-12
(
Saving Packet
Information
in
a
MacPaint
File .
5-13
- -
Copying
Packet Information
to
the Clipboard
. . 5-13
Restarting Packet
Collection
5-13
Echo 5-14
Using
Echo
5-14
Choosing
a
Node for Testing
5-15
Test
Results
5-16
Interpreting
the
Results
of Echo 5-17
Appendix A
Glossary A-i
Appendix B
Technical
Specifications
Standards
Compliance
B-i
Hardware
Specifications
B-i
Power
B-I
Physical
Dimensions
B-2
Environmental Characteristics B-2
Connectors B-2
Primary Components
B-2
xlv
• Contents

FastPath
4
Gateway
Appendix
C
Decimal-Hexadecimal
Conversion
c-I
Appendix
0
AppleTalk
Considerations
Appendix
E
Ethernet
Considerations
Restrictions
Network
Expansion
At
the
End
of
a
Network
In the
Middle
of
a
Network
Combining
Networks
D-1
Appendix
F
IP Address
Management
Address
Notation
Network
Classes
Routing
Schemes
Subnetting
Defining
a Subnet
Kinetics
Subnet
Routing
Berkeley
Internet
Subnetting
The
UNIX
Command
ifconfig
The
UNIX
Command route
Routing Methods
Fixed
Routing
F-I
F-2
F-3
F-3
F4
F-5
F-7
F-7
F-7
F-8
F-9
Appendix G
FastPath
Diagnostic
Messages
G-I
Appendix
H
Support
Information
H-i
E-l
E-2
E-3
E-3
E-3
Contents
• xv

FastPath
4 Gateway
Tables
C
3-1: FastPath
4 Software
Options
3-17
3-2: Default
Subnet Masks
3-24
D-1:
AppleTalk
Network
Size Restrictions
E-1: Maximum
Cable Lengths
for Combined
Networks
. . . E-4
F-i:
Network
Class
Indicators
F-2
Figures
1-1:
Simple
Internet
Layout
1-2
1-2: Complex
Internet
Layout
1-4
1-3: FastPath
4 Back Panel
1-5
1-4:
ISO-OSI
Domains
of Connection
Devices
1-11
1-5:
AppleTalk
Zones
1-14
2-1: Connecting
the AppleTalk
Cable
2-6
2-2:
Connecting
to
Standard
Ethernet
2-7
2-3: Connecting to
Thin
Ethernet
2-8
2-4: Results
of Self-Testing
2-9
3-1:
Gateway
List
3-5
3-2: Main
Configuration
Window
3-6
3-3: Dialog
Box to Close
Configuration Window
3-7
3-4:
Log
Window
3-14
3-5:
Options
Window
3-16
3-6: Subnet
Data
Window
3-18
3-7:
K-STAR
Data
Window
3-20
3-8:
K-STAR
Servers
and Parameters
Window
3-21
3-9:
Configuration
Printout
3-27
xvi
. Contents

FastPa th
4
Gate way
Figures
(continued)
5-1:
5-2
5-2: 5-5
5-3:
5-6
5-4:
57
5-5:
5-9
5-6:
5-10
5-7:
5-12
5-8:
5-15
5-9:
5-15
A-i:
ISO-OSI
Reference
Model
A-5
E-1: A
Network with
No Loops
or
Branches
E-2:
Interconnecting
Ethernet and
Thin-Ethernet
E-3:
Connecting
to the
Middle of
a Network
F-i:
Network
and
Host
Portions of
an IP Address
F-2
F-2:
Subnetting
in
a Class A
Address
F-S
F-3:
Subnetting
in
a Class
C Address
F-5
F-4:
Using ifconfig
and route
F-9
Three
Windows
of Look
Contents of RTMP
Packets
Window
.
Gateway Data
in an RTMP
Packet
. .
Format
of an RTMP
Data
Packet
. .
Contents
of
Diagnostic
Packets Window
Dialog Box
for Trapping
a Packet
. .
Dialog
Box
for
Saving
Packet
Information
Dialog Box
for Displaying
Echo Results
Menu List of
AppleTalk
Node Numbers
E-1
E-5
E-6
Contents
• xvii

fl
n

FastPath
4 Gateway
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Kinetics FastPath
4
gateway
connects
Ethernet
(or
IEEE
802.3)
and
LocalTalk (or
equivalent) 2 networks,
thereby creating
internet communication
paths among many
different kinds
of computers. The
gateway passes
information
between the
two networks and
converts information
from
one
type
of
network
into
a
form
that
the
other can understand.
This
chapter
discusses the
features of the FastPath
4 gateway
and some
issues related
to
establishing
an
internet.
The FastPath
4
gateway
is highly
adaptable to your
needs,
because it
• Requires no
configuration
effort
to
work
in
internets that
use
only AppleTalk
protocols
•
Can be
configured
from either
the Ethernet side or
the
LocalTalk
side
•
Remembers its configuration,
even
when the
power
has
been off
• Links
LocalTalk
networks
to Ethernet networks,
which
connect
to
many
types
of
computers
• Is
programmable,
making it
adaptable to different
environments
1. In this
manual, the term
Ethernet refers
to both
Ethernet
(Version
1.0
or
2.0)
and IEEE 802.3
standard networks.
2.
In this
manual, the
phrase
LocalTalk
network refers to any
network
that
is based on
LocalTalk, PhoneNET,
or any other
system
of cabling
and
connectors
that
supports
AppleTalk
protocols, running
at 230 kilobits
per second.
Introduction
• 1-1

• Supports AppleTalk
internet protocols. Any program
working
on a
LocalTalk network will work across the
FastPath gateway and
Ethernet
• Conforms
to
AppleTalk
and Ethernet hardware and
software standards
C
Easy
Installation
If all of the communication through your FastPath
4
gateway
will use AppleTalk protocols, the FastPath installation
is
easy—just connect the cables, as discussed
in Chapter 2 of this
guide. When shipped, the FastPath 4 gateway is ready
for
AppleTalk
communication,
with
no
further preparation.
Figure 1-1
illustrates
such
a
situation.
More complex situations,
such as those
involving other
protocols on an existing Ethernet network, can require some
software installation.
In
either
case,
FastPath installation requires the FastPath 4
gateway itself, properly installed LocalTalk and Ethernet
hardware, and an AC power source.
Figure 1-1: Simple Internet Layout
1-2 e Introduction