Knauer BlueShadow Series User manual

BlueShadow
Valves and valve drives
Manual
V7695A
HPLC

3Tableofcontents
Table of contents
Note: For your own safety, be sure to read the manual and
always observe the warnings and safety information on the
device and in the manual!
Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Overview valves and valve drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Multiposition valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Injection valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Connections of the ports at the positions loading and injecting . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Series and operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Laboratory use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Where is it prohibited to use the device or system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Application examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Selection of a column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Column selection with a 2-channel valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Backflushing of a column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Backflushing of a precolumn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Accumulation of a sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Precleaning of a sample by a precolumn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Precleaning of a sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Alternating precleaning of a sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Symbols and labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Laboratory regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PEEK connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Protective measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Power supply and mains connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Target group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
To what should the user pay particular attention? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
What expertise should users have to safely operate a HPLC device
or system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Protective film on the screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Scope of supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Checking the scope of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Space requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Installation site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Front view of the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Device display and buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Rear view of the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Manual valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Electrical valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
V7695A

4Tableofcontents
Mounting of the valve on the valve drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Screw the adapter plate to the back side of the valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Screw the valve onto the valve drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Mounting plate for valves and column holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Connecting capillary with valve and seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Inserting the needle seal in the syringe connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Multifunction module ‘Assistant’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Connection of the pump with other devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Control of the pump with chromatography software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Local area network and automatic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Interfaces for data transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Remote terminal strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Operating the valves and valve drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Switch-on and self-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Display of the valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Control of the valve with chromatography software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Operating the valve drive manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
The keyboard for operating the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Setting the position of the valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Set the position manually on the valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Filling the sample into the sample loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Injecting the sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Operating the valve drive externally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Analog control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Binary control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Connecting the flat ribbon cable with the connector strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Connect valve drive to the devices Manager or Interface Box. . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Maintenance and care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Removing the valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Alignment of the rotor seal in the valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Insert new needle seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Increasing the pressure stability of valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Cleaning and caring for the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Environmental protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Decontamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Ambient storage conditions for the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5Tableofcontents
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Ambient conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Valve drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Electrical valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Manual valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Abbreviations and terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Warranty conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Declaration of conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Table of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6Intendeduse
Intended use
HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a method 
for separating substance mixtures, determining substances, 
and measuring their concentration.
The device or system is suitable for high-pressure liquid chroma-
tography. It is suitable for laboratory use, for analyzing sub-
stance mixtures that can be dissolved in a solvent or solvent
mixture.
Injection valves,
multiposition valves,
and
electrical
valve drives
Injection valves or multiposition valves are used in the HPLC to
bring in the sample from the sample loop in the pump's high
pressure flow, so that the sample is transported to the column.
The sample is fed in at atmospheric pressure in the sample loop
by a syringe or via feed pump from a sample reservoir.
Injection valves can have 2 or 3 channels, which depends on
the rotor seal. Multiposition valves are 1-channel valves.
Overview valves and valve drives
Valves and valve drives are always completely assembled and
tested when they leave the factory. The following components
may be included:
Fig. 1 Overview valves and valve drives
Main areas of
application
Main areas of application for multichannel valves are the injec-
tion or column switching, the column backflushing, sample
accumulation, or the alternating sample accumulation. Multi-
channel valves are used for example to select different solvents
(solvent selection valve) without having to reestablish the con-
nections anew or laying out the capillaries again.
Single-channel valves are employed for fractioning if the form
and the size of the fraction containers should be freely select-
able. By combining a maximum of eight single-channel valve,
up to 120 positions can be used for fractioning in applications
in preparative HPLC.
Legend
A. Mounting plate
B. Valve drive
C. Mounted, electrical
injection valve
D. Valve holder for
pumps or detectors
E. Electrical injection
valve
F. Hand injection valve
A
B
C
D
E
F

7Intendeduse
Multiposition valves
Structure and function The multiposition valve is used in chromatography, for example
in the following cases:
Selection of up to 13 different solvents
Fractioning
Column switching up to 16 columns
Fig. 2 Diagram of a multiposition valve 7P/1C
Injection valves
Versions 6 Ports with 3 channels
6 Ports with 2 channels
The structure of the rotor seal in the inside of the injection valve
specifies whether the valve can be operated as a 2- or 3-channel
valve.
Fig. 3 Injection valves 6P/2C and 6P/3C
Legend
A. Position number
B. Connection
between the central
connection and the
individual positions
1–6
C. Adapter plate for
mounting on the
valve drive
4
62
53
1
ABC
Legend
A. Position number
B. 6 Ports with 2 chan-
nels (6P/2C)
C. Adapter plate for
mounting on the
valve drive
D. 6 Ports with 3 chan-
nels (6P/3C)
1
4
62
53
1
4
62
53
ABCD

8Intendeduse
Connections of the ports at the positions
loading and injecting
Valve position
Loading (L)
In the valve position loading, the sample is filled into the sample
loop.
Valve position
Injecting (I)
In the valve position injecting, the sample is flushed for example
on a precolumn or main column for preseparation or separation.
The sample loop is filled, by injecting the sample at connection
1. This runs into the sample loop (connection 2 and 5) and
excessive sample is transported into the waste container
through connection 6.
Fig. 4 Valve positions loading and injecting
The eluent flows through the sample loop in opposite direction
during the injecting, see arrows in the figures.
Reed contact The reed contact in the injection or multiposition valve gives the
start signal for a measurement to the entire analytical system
or a detector.
Hand-operated valves For hand-operated valves, a mounting of a mounting plate or
a universal angle on the housing of a valve drive is advisable.
Electrical
valve drives
Electrical valve drives for the injection or multiposition valves
synchronize the sample injection in the analytical system. The
valves are operated by a 24 V direct current motor. The electri-
cal drive and the valve have been factory-set and can be modi-
fied by DIP switches (Dual In-line Package) on the bottom of the
device for certain applications.
By means of chromatography software or a cable for remote
control, certain positions can be controlled directly on a valve.
Delivery ex works All valve drives are delivered with a ready-mounted injection
or multiposition valve.
Loading Injecting
1
2
3
4
5
6
Waste
Pump
Column
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
Waste
Pump
Column
Sample

9Intendeduse
Series and operating modes
The following valves fit to the listed valve drives:
Note: The possible combinations between valves and electri-
cal drives can be queried by the technical support of
the manufacturer.
Valve Switch posi-
tions
Operating mode
6V injection valve 2 6P/3C
6 ports/3 channels
6P/2C
6 ports/2 channels
6V Multiposition
valve
67P/1C
7 ports/1 channel
12V Multiposition
valve
12 13P/1C
13 ports/1 channel
16V Multiposition
valve
16 16P/1C
16 ports/1 channel
4
62
53
1

10 Intended use
Room ventilation,
A/C system,
sunlight
Always use the device in rooms that are well-ventilated, and are
preferably equipped with an air-conditioning system. When set-
ting up the system at the installation location, make sure that it
is protected against direct sunlight.
Checking intended use Only use the device for applications that fall within the range
of the intended use. Otherwise, the protective and safety
equipment of the device could fail.
Laboratory use
Biochemistry analyses
Chemical analyses
Food analyses
Pharmaceutical analyses
Environmental analyses
Where is it prohibited to use the
device or system?
DANGER! Risk of explosion! Never use the device in poten-
tially explosive atmospheres without appropri-
ate protective equipment and approval by a
notified body! Inform the technical service
department of the manufacturer.
Application examples
Abbreviations Connections and channels of an injection or multiposition valve
are described by abbreviations.
Example 6P/3C valve: That is an injection valve with 6 connec-
tions (P = port) and 3 channels (C = channel).
6P/3C valves Selection of a column
Backflushing of a column
Backflushing of a precolumn
Sample accumulation on a precolumn
Alternating accumulation of a sample
Alternating precleaning of a sample
6P/2C valves Preseparation and analyses on several columns
after each other
Sample precleaning by a precolumn
7P/1C valves Series switching of up to 16 columns
Step gradient or selection of a eluent

11 Intended use
Selection of a column
Basics The selection of a column, also called column selection, is used
in chromatography, for example in the following cases:
Method development
Column selection
Injection From the injection valve, the sample is injected via the channel
2->1 onto the column A. From connection 5, the components of
the sample are forwarded separate to the detector.
Fig. 5 Column selection – injection from the 6P/3C valve
on column A
Note: Make sure there is no pressure when switching
between the columns so that the columns are not
damaged.
From the injection valve, the sample is injected via the channel
2->3 onto the column B. From connection 5, the components of
the sample are forwarded separate to the detector.
Fig. 6 Column selection – injection from the 6P/3C valve
on column B
Injecting on column A
1
23
4
56
Column B
Column A
Detector
Injection
Injecting on column B
1
23
4
56
Column A
Column B
Injection
Detector

12 Intended use
Column selection with a 2-channel valve
Separation of the sample on the precolumn
Separation of the sample components on different columns
The sample is separated on the precolumn. The further separa-
tion can be carried out on column 1 and be continued on col-
umn 2 after switching over.
Fig. 7 Column selection with a 2-channel valve
Legend
A. Detector
B. Column 1
C. Precolumn
D. Injection valve
E. Column 2
Injection
Detector
6
1
2
3
4
5
after switching
Column A
Precolumn
Column B

13 Intended use
Backflushing of a column
Basics The backflushing of a column is used in chromatography,
for example in the following cases:
Analysis of heavily retarding substances
Optimization of analysis times
Flushing of a column
Note: The eluent flushes the column after switchover in
opposite direction (reduction of the band broadening).
From the injection valve, the column is filled with sample
through the channel 2->3. The quicker part of the substances
is separated through the channels 6->1 and 5->4 and flushed
to the detector.
Fig. 8 Backflushing – injection from the 6P/3C valve on
the column
Note: Make sure there is no pressure when switching
between the columns so that the columns are not
damaged.
After switching over the valve to the channel 2->1, heavily
retarding substances are eluted in opposite direction fluid from
the column and flushed back to the detector.
Fig. 9 Backflushing – switchover of the 6P/3C valve
Injection
1
23
4
56
Column
Injection
Detector
Switchover
of the direction
of flow
1
23
4
56
Column
Injection
Detector

14 Intended use
Backflushing of a precolumn
Basics The precolumn is used in chromatography, for example in the
following cases:
Preseparation or separation of heavily retarding substances
Protection of the main column
Note: Precolumn and main column are aligned in a row
behind each other.
Fig. 10 Backflushing precolumn – injection from the 6P/3C valve
on the precolumn
From the injection valve, the precolumn is filled with sample
through the channel 2->3. From the channel 6->1, the quickly
dissolved substances on the column are measured, the heavily
retarding substances remain on the precolumn.
Note: The eluent flushes the precolumn after switchover
in opposite direction.
Fig. 11 Backflushing precolumn – switchover of the 6P/3C valve
After switching over the valve to the channel 2->1, the late elut-
ing substances are flushed back in opposite direction from the
precolumn to the detector.
Injection
on precolumn
1
23
4
56
Column
Precolumn
Injection
Detector
Switchover
of the direction
of flow
1
23
4
56
Column
Precolumn
Injection
Detector

15 Intended use
Accumulation of a sample
Basics The accumulation of a sample is employed in chromatography,
for example in the following case:
Samples that are very diluted by solvents
Note: The solvent is fed through a detector Ainto the waste
container. As soon as sufficient sample has been accu-
mulated on the precolumn, the valve is switched over
and the thus accumulated sample is flushed with a dif-
ferent solvent to the analytical column.
Fig. 12 Sample accumulation on precolumn – injection from the
6P/3C valve
From the injection valve, the precolumn is filled with solvent A
through the channel 2->1. From channel 4->3, the eluent is fed
through the detector Ainto the waste container.
Note: Make sure there is no pressure when switching
between the columns so that the columns are not
damaged.
After switching over the valve to the channel 5->4, a solvent B
are flushed back in opposite direction through the precolumn.
The accumulated sample is flushed through channel 1->6 onto
the analytic column and measured with detector B.
Fig. 13 Sample accumulation – analysis of the accumulated sample
Injection
on precolumn
1
23
4
56
Precolumn
Injection
Pump A
Eluent A
Pump B
Eluent B
Detector B
Column
Detector A
Waste
Switchover
of the direction
of flow
Precolumn
Column
Injection
Pump A
Pump B
Eluent B
Detector B
Eluent A
1
2
3
4
56
Detector A
Waste

16 Intended use
Precleaning of a sample by a precolumn
Basics The precleaning of a sample is used in chromatography,
for example in the following cases:
Preseparation or separation of heavily retarding substances
Precleaning samples, alternating and time-delayed on differ-
ent precolumns
Fig. 14 Precleaning of a sample by a precolumn
After the injection of the sample on the precolumn, it is heavily
retarded.
Fig. 15 Precleaning of a sample – Switching over to main column
After switching over the valve on the channel 2–3, the sample is
flushed with a second solvent in the main column.
Injection
on precolumn
1
23
4
56
Injection
Precolumn
Detector
Column
Switchover
of the direction
of flow
1
2
3
4
56
Injection
Precolumn
Detector
Column

17 Intended use
Precleaning of a sample
Basics The precleaning of a sample is used in chromatography, for
example in the following cases:
Preseparation or separation of heavily retarding substances
Precleaning samples, alternating and time-delayed on differ-
ent precolumns
Optimization of analysis times
Fig. 16 Application example right: Precleaning alternating on
two precolumns and analyze all substances from both
precolumns.
The sample is precleaned on precolumn 1 and the weak retard-
ing substances are flushed directly on the analytical column and
separated there.
After switching over the valves, precolumn 1 is cleaned and the
sample is precleaned on precolumn 2 and flushed to the analyti-
cal column to be separated there.
Note: Make sure there is no pressure when switching
between the columns so that the columns are not
damaged.
Injection
on precolumn
1
23
4
56
Injection
Precolumn
Detector
Column

18 Intended use
Alternating precleaning of a sample
Basics The precleaning of a sample is used in chromatography,
for example in the following cases:
Preseparation or separation of heavily retarding substances
Precleaning samples, alternating and time-delayed on differ-
ent precolumns
Optimization of analysis times
Note: Several valves can be connected with each other to
preclean sample alternating on different precolumns
for the analysis.
Fig. 17 Alternating sample precleaning – sample is filled in the
precolumn B
Precolumn B is filled with sample by pump A and flushed
directly to the analytical column. Simultaneously, precolumn B
is prepared by pump B with a second solvent. The solvent is fed
through detector B to the waste container.
Injection
on precolumn
Pump B
Eluent B
Pump A
Eluent A
Waste
Detector B
Detector A
Precolumn B
Precolumn A
Column
Injection

19 Intended use
Note: Make sure there is no pressure when switching
between the columns so that the columns are not
damaged.
Fig. 18 Alternating sample precleaning – precolumn B is purged
and precolumn A is filled with sample
After switching over the valve, precolumn B is cleaned in oppo-
site direction for the next analysis. The sample from precolumn
A is flushed in opposite direction with the first solvent into the
analytical column.
Switchover of the
direction of flow
Pump B
Eluent B
Pump A
Eluent A
Waste
Detector B
Detector A
Precolumn B
Precolumn A
Column
Injection

20 Symbols and labels
Symbols and labels
Explanations of symbols and labels on the device or system
Symbol Explanation
Hazard symbol indicating microelec-
tronic devices that can be damaged by
electrostatic discharge when touched.
Setting of descending values
Setting of increasing values
Injection (I = ‘Inject’) of a sample on
the chromatography column
Filling for example a sample loop with
sample (L = ‘Load’)
Ground connection for grounding the
device
Connection to the power supply with
direct current 24 V and 1.5 A
CE (Conformité Européenne) mark for
equipment that complies with the per-
tinent EU directives and comes with a
declaration of conformity from the
manufacturer.
Marking for devices that comply with
the canadian requirements for labora-
tory equipment: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.
61010-1, second edition, including
Amendment 1, or a later version.
Electrostatic Discharge
<
>
I
L
24V=
1.5A
+-

21 Safety
Safety
Laboratory regulations
Adherence
to laboratory
regulations
Observe national and international regulations pertaining
to laboratory work!
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) of the American Food &
Drug Administration
For development of methods and validation of devices: Pro-
tocol for the Adoption of Analytical Methods in the Clinical
Chemistry Laboratory, American Journal of Medical Technol-
ogy, 44, 1, pages 30–37 (1978)
Accident prevention regulations published by the accident
insurance companies for laboratory work
Solvents
Flammability Organic solvents are highly flammable. 
Since capillaries can detach from their screw fittings and allow
solvent to escape, it is prohibited to have any open flames near
the analytical system!
Leaks and
clogged capillaries
Regularly check for leaks and clogged capillaries – test back
pressure without column!
Suitable
Solvents
Solvents suitable for use in HPLC:
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Benzene
Chloroform
Acetic acid (10–50%), at 25 °C
Ethyl acetate
Ethanol
Hexane/heptane
Isopropanol
Methanol
Phosphoric acid
Toluol
Water
For your own safety, be sure to read
the manual and always observe the
warnings and safety information on
the device and in the manual!
Symbol Explanation