KSV Sigma 70 User manual

1
/
Instruments
V
J
T
111
i
Sigma
70
Instruction
Manual
Version
1
•
v
.
*
'

Page
Contents
4
Introduction
6
Technical
specifications
8
Physical
Description
14
Installation
Software
Overview
16
Main
menu
18
Edit
Data
Base
20
Control
Panel
25
Experiments
Surface
/ Interfacial Tension
Theory
Measurement
Experimental
setup
Contact
Angle
Theory
Measurement
Experimental
Setup
Powder
Wettability
Theory
Measurement
Experimental
Setup
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
27
32
37
39
46
50
52
55
58
Theory
Measurement
Experimental
Setup
60
63
69
Data
Analvsis
/
Reduction
Overview
71
2

72
Browse
Surface
Tension
Browse
Contact
Angle
75
Browse
Powder
Wettability
79
Browse
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
83
Surface
Free
Energy
Calculations
Data
Graphics
86
Data
Export
88
System
Diagnostics
/
Calibration
90
Appendix
:
Technical
Thermostation
Dispensers
Reports
92
93
94
95
3

Introduction
KSV
Sigma
70
is
a
computer
controlled
and
user
programmable
tensiometer
for
measurement
of
;
*
Surface
and Interfacial
tension
*
Dynamic
Contact
Angles
(
DCA
)
*
Powder
Wettability
*
Single
Fiber
Wettability
*
Adsorption
Behavior
of
Solids
*
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
(
CMC
)
*
Free
Surface
Energy
of
Solids
The instrument has
a
modular
design
which allows addition
of
a
variety
of
devices
.
In
addition
to
the basic
measuring
and interface units the
KSV
Sigma
70
can
be
equipped
with
;
*
Manual
Control
Unit
*
Additional
onboard
displays
*
Dispenser
*
Temperature
Bath
*
pH
Meter
The
open
design
and
modular
construction should allow
you
to
adapt
your
instrument
to
a
wide
variety
of
applications
.
The
software
included
with this instrument
will
allow
you
to
easily
perform
a
variety
of
preprogrammed
experiments
which
you
can
modify
to
your
particular
needs
.
The data
is
stored
to
your
hard drive and
can
be
retrieved
and
analyzed
later
.
If
you
wish
to
utilize
other data reduction
software
the
data files
are
easily
exported
.
Inside this manual
you
will find
information
on
how
to
install
and
use
your
Sigma
70
.
You
will
also find brief
reviews
of
the
concepts
involved
in
your
measurements
and
some
practical
advise
on
the
techniques
involved
.
In
order
to
obtain the maximum
performance
from
your
instrument
you
should
read this
manual and
keep
it
available
for reference
.
4

Maintenance
:
The hardware
for
your
Sigma
70
is
manufactured
to
the
highest
quality
standards
and when
used
properly
should yield
a
lifetime
of
trouble
-
free
use
.
WARNING
:
VERY
IMPORTANT
* *
The
original
main
cables
for
the
instrument
and
computer
must
always
be
used
.
The
Sigma
70
and
computer
must
be
connected
to
a
grounded
wall
socket
.
Ungrounded
wall sockets
may
cause
dangerous
voltages
between
the instrument
,
computer
and real
ground
.
The
platinum
/
iridium
Wilhelmy
plate
is
an
excellent
catalyst
for
the
oxidation
of
methanol
vapor
.
This reaction is
very
exothermic
.
In
experiments
in
which
the
Wilhelmy
plate
is
positioned
above
reagent
-
grade
methanol this
reaction
may
cause
dangerous heating
of
the
plate
.
Please be
aware
of
this
phenomenon
and
take
appropriate
caution
.
\
5

Technical
Specifications
Force
Measuring
System
Measuring
Principle
Taring
Electrobalance
with
torsion wire
Manual
coarse
taring
Computer
controlled
fine
taring
Optional
use
of
counterweight
Measuring
Ranees
Resolution
**
lpN
(
0.1
mg
)
0.1
pN
(
10
pg
)
O
.
OlpN
(
lpg
)
Maximum Load
*
25
mN
(
2.55
g
)
12.5
mN
(
1.28
g
)
6.25
mN
(
638
mg
)
Range
25
mN
2.5
mN
0.25
mN
*
without
optional
counterweight
**
actual resolution
of
balance
.
Resolution
in
mN
/
m
or
dynes
/
cm
depends
on
accuracy
of
length
measurement
.
For
standard
KSV
probes
the theoretical limits
are
as
follows
:
Ring
:
Maximum Load
:
440
mN
/
m
Maximum Resolution
:
0.0003
mN
/
m
Plate
:
Maximum
Load
:
1320
mN
/
m
Maximum Resolution
:
.
001
mN
/
m
These
are
the
theoretical limits
of
resolution
based
on
accuracy
of
balance and
length
of
probes
.
In
actual
practice
reproducibility
of surface
and
probe
limit
reproducibility
of
data
to
about
0.01
mN
/
m
.
Lifting
Svstem
Stage
Speed
Speed
Adjustment
Maximum
Stroke
Motor
0.1
to
40
mm
/
min
(
1.7
to
667
p
/
sec
)
increments
of
0.1
mm
/
min
(
1.7
p
/
sec
)
75
mm
servo
controlled
DC
motor
Thermostation
Method
Temperature
Range
circulating
water
bath
,
external
circulator
required
-
10
to
80
°
C
General
Computer
/
printer
requirements
IBM
compatible
running
Windows
95
or
NT
with
one
open
serial
port
176
-
264
V
,
40
-
440
Hz
or
90
-
132
V
,
40
-
440
Hz
Voltage
6

Physical
Description
This
section
describes
the
physical
construction
of
your
Sigma
70
.
Measuring
Unit
The
measuring unit
consists
of
the
following
parts
;
-
Balance
-
lifting
stage
-
Thermostated
housing
for
sample
vessel
-
Integrated stirrer
Balance
The balance
for
your
Sigma
70
is located
in
the
upper
housing
of
the
Measuring
Unit
.
Two
hooks
hang
from
the balance
.
The
front
hook is
for
actual
measurement
.
The back hook is
for
optional
hanging
of
counterbalance
in
situations where the
weight
of
the
probe
exceeds
range
of
balance
.
Between
the
two
hooks is the travel lock
.
It
should
only
be
used
when
moving
your
Sigma
70
.
Range
selection and
coarse
taring
are
adjusted
from
the
front
panel
of
the
Measuring
Unit
.
The
analogue
meter
on
the left shows the active
measuring
range
of
the
instrument
.
When
a
force
is
applied
to
the balance
the
needle
will
move
downwards
.
The
purpose
of
this meter is
only
to
show
the
user
if
the
forces
on
the balance remain within
it
’
s
active
range
.
If
the
forces
on
the
balance
exceed
this
range
the data
will
be
in
error
.
The
knob
in
the
center
of
the
panel
selects the
measuring
range
.
7

The
knob
on
the
right
is
for
coarse
taring
.
As
it
is
adjusted
the needle
of
the
analogue
meter
will
move
to
indicate
the
changes
in
the active
measuring
range
.
In
practice
these
controls
are
used
as
follows
.
Select
the
probe
you
wish
to
use
and
hang
it
on
the balance
hook
.
Heavy
probes
:
If
the
meter
has
gone
off
scale
you
can
use
the
coarse
taring
knob
to
try
to
bring
the
needle back
within
the active
range
.
If
this is
not
possible
you may
attach
a
counterbalance
of
equal
weight
to
the
rear
hook
and
repeat
procedure
.
Light
probes
:
Change
the
setting
of
the
range
until
you
have
found
the
most
sensitive
range
at
which the
balance remains
within the active
range
after
taring
.
If
you
are
close
to
the limits
of
the active
range
it
may
be
wise
to
select
a
less
sensitive
range
because the
additional
force
when the
probe
contacts
the
liquid
may
cause
the
forces
to
go
out
of
active
range
.
Lifting
System
The
_
stage
of
your
Sigma
70
is lifted
by
a
DC
motor
to
ensure
vibration
-
free
movement
.
The
DC
motor
is
servo
controlled and
speed
is
detected
by
an
optical
encoder
.
Speeds
range
from
0.1
to
40
mm
/
min in
increments
of
0.1
mm
/
min
.
The maximum
range
of
movement
is
75
mm
.
There is
a
safety
switch which
may
be
set to
prevent
the
upward
movement
of
your
stage
driving
the
probe
into the bottom
of
your
vessel
.
The
safety
switch
is inside
the bottom
housing
of
your
measuring
unit
as
shown below
.
WV
)
Safety
rod
:
o
o
_
screw
Upper
safety
snitch
To
adjust
the
safety
switch
please
do
as
follows
:
8

-
put
your
probe
on
the balance
hook
-
drive
the
stage
manually
upwards
until the
probe
almost
contacts
bottom
of
vessel
-
loosen fixing
screw
and raise
safety
rod
until
safety
switch clicks
-
tighten
fixing
screw
Thermostation
The
thermostation
for
your
Sigma
70
is achieved
by
thermostated
water
supplied
by
a
circulator
.
The
water
flows through
a
jacket
surrounding the
sample
vessel
.
The construction
of
the thermostated
jacket
is shown below
.
Temperature
probe
Sample
vessel
Holder
ring
Vessel
holder
Water
connector
a
a
Direction
of
water
flow
rr
/
N
t
Fixing
screws
The
jacket
is
composed
of
teflon with
a
stainless steel
insert
.
An
additional
insert
is
supplied
to
adapt
system
for
50
mm
vessel
.
The
system
is
connected
through
no
-
leak
valves
out
the back
of
the
measuring
unit
and
to
the circulator
.
The circulating
tubing should be
connected such
that
the
inflow
of
water
is connected
to
the bottom
of
the
jacket
and the outflow
to
the
top
.
The
temperature
of
the
circulating
water
may
be
controlled either
by
the
circulator
or
by
your
Sigma
70
.
See
appendix
for
details
on
Sigma
70
control
of
circulator
.
9

Stirrer
Your
Sigma
70
contains
an
integrated stirrer
which is
housed
inside
the
lifting
tube
.
Placement
of
a
stirring
magnet
inside
the
measuring
vessel
allows
you
to
stir
contents
of
vessel
.
Control
of
the
speed
and duration
of
stirring
is done
through
Manual
Controls
or
under
Controls
—
»
Stirrer
in
CMC
experiments
.
Interface
Unit
The interface unit
includes
a
power
supply
and
a
databus
for
add
-
on
cards
and
displays
.
Power
Supply
The
power
supply
is
located
on
the bottom
of
the interface
unit
.
Handling
of
different
line
voltages
is
completely
automatic
.
Refer
to
the technical
specifications
to
get
more
information about
allowed line
voltages
and
frequencies
.
Data
Bus
The data bus
is
a
printed
circuit board
equipped
with
parallel
connected
connectors
.
The bus is located inside
of
the
interface
unit
.
This bus
delivers
all
the
supply voltages
to
electronics and takes
care
of
communication between
computer
and
other
devices
.
There
is
one
line
in
each channel
that
is chained
from
device
to
device
.
For
this
reason
there
are
jumpers
installed
(
one
for
each
channel
)
that
short this
line
if
the slot is
empty
.
Corresponding
jumpers
must
be
removed
if
a
circuit card is
plugged
to
a
slot
.
The data bus
includes
11
connectors
,
5
in
the
front
and
6
in
the
rear
.
All
connectors
are
electrically
identical
.
The first slot
(
the lowest
one
in
the
rear
)
is reserved
for
computer
interface
,
all
other devices
can
be
ordered
freely
.
However
,
normally
all
the
display cards
are
situated
in
the
front
part
of
the column
.
Computer
Interface
The communication between
the
computer
and the Mainframe
is
performed
using
the
RS
-
232
C
protocol
.
As
mentioned
earlier
,
the data
bus inside the
Mainframe
uses
the
RS
-
422
type
protocol
.
For
this
reason
the
system
has
an
interface card
,
that
makes the conversion
.
The interface
card should
always
be
in
the leftmost
(
the
first
)
rear
slot
of
the data
bus
.
10

Device
Interface
Entities
that
perform
independent
tasks
are
called
devices
in
this
presentation
.
They
may
be
circuit cards
(
e
.
g
.
displays
and
AD
-
converters
)
or
separate
boxes
(
e
.
g
.
system
unit
and
dispenser
unit
)
.
Internally
the
system
unit
contains
three
different
devices
:
the
balance
,
the lifting
system
and the stirrer
.
Circuit
card
type
devices
can
be
connected
directly
to
the
data
bus
by
inserting the
card into
an
empty
slot
.
To
connect
box
type
devices
to
the
data bus
,
a
device
interface card
must
be used
.
The only
purpose
of
this
card is
to
convert
the
64
-
pin
bus
connector to
the
15
-
pin
connector
,
because
all
box
type
devices
are
connected
to
the data bus
using
cables
.
All
the
15
-
pin
cables
that
connect
devices
to
the data
bus
are
identical
(
the
only
difference is
length
)
,
so
it
is
not
possible
to
make false
connections
.
Displays
Display
cards
are
capable
of
showing
six
7
-
segment
numbers
.
Display
cards
can
be inserted
directly
into the
empty
slots
of
the
data
bus
.
There
are
up
to
six slots
especially
meant
for
the
display
cards
covered
by
a
red
antiglare
filter
.
The
display
shows
either
the
input
or
output
values
of
any
desired device
.
The
basic
configuration
of
the
mainframe includes three
display
cards
showing
the
force
applied
to
the balance
,
measuring
probe
position
and the
temperature
.
All
other
displays
are
delivered with the
corresponding
devices
.
Temperature
Probe
:
Your
Sigma
70
comes
equipped
with
temperature
measuring
capabilities
.
On
the
front of
the interface
unit
one
of
the card
slots contains
a
nine
pin
serial
port
and
a
five
pin
round
port
.
The nine
pin
port
is
for
connection
to
an
external circulator
(
see
Appendix
:
Thermostation
)
.
The
round
port
connects
to
a
thermistor cable which
terminates
in
a
temperature
probe
.
When
the
probe
is connected
to
the interface
unit
through its cable
your
Sigma
70
will
automatically
provide
temperature
readings
.
11

DuNouv
Ring
:
A
platinum
/
iridium
ring
supplied
in
protective
wooden
case
.
Should
be
cleaned
regularly
after
use
and
treated
carefully
to
avoid
deformation
.
Dimensions
:
R
(
ring
)
=
9.545
mm r
(
wire
)
=
0.185
mm
.
Wilhelmv
Plate
:
Platinum
/
iridium micro
-
roughened
plate
.
Should
be
cleaned
regularly
after
use
and
treated carefully
to
avoid
deformation
.
Dimensions
:
Width
:
19.6
mm
Thickness
:
0.1
mm
.
Manual
Controlsfoptional
)
:
The Manuals
Control
device allows
you
to
move
stage
and
dispenser
outside
of software
control
.
It
is connected
to
any
of
the
serial
ports
in
the
interface
unit
.
It
should
appear
as
below
:
on
Dp
The lower
row
of
buttons is labeled
as
Probe
.
These buttons
control the
relative distance
between the
probe
and the vessel
.
If
the
41
‘
-
button is
pressed
the
distance
between
the
probe
and the
stage
will
increase
and the
probe
seems
to
be
lifted
from
the vessel
,
(
it
is
actually
the
stage
that
is
moving
downwards
)
.
So
all
direction
markings
are
for
the
probe
not
for
the
vessel
stage
.
The
upper
row
of
buttons is labeled
as
Dispenser
.
The
upward
arrow
dipsenses
liquid
and the downward
arrow
refills
dispenser
.
When
the
100
%
buttons
are
pressed
all
movements
happens
with
full
speed
.
Otherwise
the
speed
is
about
30
%
of
maximum
.
Dispenserfoptional
)
:
Your
Sigma
70
may
come
with
a
dispenser
.
See
appendix
for
details
.
12

Installation
Mechanical
Installation
Your
KSV
Sigma
70
tensiometer
is delivered
in
one
crate
.
The
crate
should
be
opened
carefully
and
checked
to
see
that
it
contains
:
Measurement
Unit
w
/
thermostation
compartment
&
70
mm
vessel
Interface
Unit
9
-
Pin
cable
(
computer
to
interface
)
15
-
Pin
cable
(
interface
to
Measurement
Unit
)
Power
chord
DuNouy
ring
Wilhelmy
Plate
Temperature
probe
/
cable
Standard
vessel
stage
50
mm
vessel / thermostation insert
Optional
Items
may
include
Manual
Control
Unit
w
/ cable
Dispenser
Unit
w
/ cable
Ring
Reform
Tool
Computer
The
instrument should be
placed
on
a
vibration
free
table
in
an
area
where
local
air
currents
are
at
a
minimum
.
It
is
helpful
if
running
water
and
a
flame
source
(
bunsen burner
)
are
nearby
.
Leveling
may
be
done
using
adjustable
legs
at
rear
of
Measuring
Unit
,
but
as
both
hanging
probes
and
liquid
surface
are
self
-
leveling this is
not
critical
.
Once
your
instrument
has
been
set
in
place
you
will
need
to
unlock
the
travel lock
,
connect
the
cables
,
turn
the instrument
on
and
activate the
software
.
These actions
are
described below
.
Important
The
travel lock
for
your
electro
-
balance
must
be
disengaged
prior
to
any
measurements
.
The lock
is located
under
the
balance housing
between the
13

two
balance
hooks
.
Loosen
the
lock
by
turning
counterclockwise
.
When
power
is
turned
on
to
unit
analogue
meter
should become
active
.
Electrical
Interface
Unit
:
All
electrical
connections
pass
through
the
Interface
Unit
.
Front
:
On
the
front of
the unit
you
will
find the
port
for
the
power
chord
near
bottom
of
unit
.
In
the
display
area
of
the unit
you
will find
a
round
port
for
connection
of
the
temperature
probe
cable and
a
serial
port
for
connecting
to
your
circulator
(
optional
)
.
Back
:
Across
the back
of
the unit
you
will find
one
9
-
pin
port
for
connecting Sigma
70
to
computer
.
Connection
with
computer
is
into
any
open
serial
port
(
Coml
preferred
)
.
To
the
right
of
this
port
you
will find five
15
-
pin
ports
for
connections
to
devices
.
Each
port
is identical and
no
specific
ordering
of
ports
to
devices
is
necessary
.
Connect
15
-
pin
cables
from
devices
to
these
ports
.
Devices
include
:
Measuring
Unit
,
Manual
Control
Unit
(
optional
)
,
and
Dispensers
(
optional
)
.
Important
:
Any
port
which
is
NOT
connected
to
a
device
must
have
a
jumper
attached
to
2
-
pin
post
to
right
of
port
.
If
any
port
does
not
have either
a
device
or
jumper
the
circuits will
not
be
complete
and
computer
will
not
recognize
any
devices
.
When
we
send
you your
Sigma
70
it
should be
set
up
so
that
unused
ports
(
with
jumpers
)
are
located
on
right
side
.
Software
Software
is
supplied
to
you
in
Floppy
or
CD
-
ROM
format
.
Load
software
onto
desired drive
using
normal
Windows
procedures
.
To
create
a
Shortcut
to
the
Sigma
70
Main
Menu
and
place
it
on
your
Windows
desktop
:
Double
-
click
My
Computer
and
again
on
drive
to
which
you
copied
Sigma
70
software
.
Find Sigma
70
folder
in
drive
files
and
double
-
click
to
open
file
.
Locate
sgserver
.
exe
icon and right
-
click
.
Choose
Create
Shortcut
from
drop
down
menu
.
Icon
now
becomes
Shortcut
icon
.
Click
and
drag
icon
to
desktop
.
Double
-
click icon
to start
software
at
Main
Menu
screen
.
14

Overview
of
Sigma
70
software
The
Sigma
70
software
is
a
windows
based
program
whose
format
will
be
easily
learned
by
most
users
familiar
with
windows
based
software
.
The
point
and
click
format
of
drop
down
menus
,
buttons
and icons is
probably
already
a
familiar
part
of
your
experience
.
Many
users
will
probably
avoid
the
manual
altogether and
just
start
guessing
and
clicking
their
way
through
the
software
.
For
those
of
you
who like
to
explore
,
let
’
s
take
a
quick
tour
through
the
major
parts
of
the
software
to
head
you
in
the
right
direction
.
Main
Menu
:
menu
from
which
all
other
sections
can
be accessed
.
Systems
Diagnostics
/
Calibration
:
software
for
analysis
of
communication
of
devices
with
computer
and calibration
of
devices
.
Control
Panel
:
software
control
of
devices
for
manipulation
outside
of
pre
-
programmed
experiment
.
Experiments
:
Your
Sigma
70
is
programmed
to
perform
a
series
of
experiments
which
you
can
modify
to
suit
your
particular
needs
.
Your
choices include
,
Surface
/ Interfacial Tension
,
Contact
Angle
,
Powder
Wettability
and
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
.
Experimental
Setup
:
Once
a
pre
-
programmed
experiment
has been chosen
the
computer
must
be informed
of
various
parameters
specific
to
the
current
experiment
.
The values
for
these
parameters
are
entered here
prior
to
starting the
experiment
.
You
may
click
on
field and
type
in
information
or
select
from
choices available
from
Database
.
Edit
Database
:
Section
of software
in
which
menu
of
choices
for
parameters
filled into
Experimental
Setup
is
created
and edited
.
If
you
are
using
probes
or
materials which
are
not
available
from
current
menu
you
may
enter
into this section
to
add
new
choices
to
database
.
Measurement
:
The
actual
performance
of
the
experiment
occurs
after
the
Experimental
Setup
has been
filled
out
and the materials
for
the
experiment
are
in
place
.
Additional controls
for
the
experiment
are
available
from
the
15

choices
on
the
measurement
screen
.
Once
the
final
experimental
controls
have
been
chosen
the
experiment
is
started
.
The
experiment
will
then
continue
unsupervised
until
completion
.
Data
Reduction
and
Analysis
:
After
an
experiment
has been
performed
you
can
return
to
the
data
for
further
analysis
.
Select
the
type
of
experiment
you
wish
to
view
from
the
Browse
Experiment
menu
icons
.
The
screen
that
appears
will allow
you
to
find the data
in
which
you
are
interested
.
After
you
have
selected the
experiment
you
desire the
data
for
that
experiment
will be
displayed
.
You
then have the
option
of
viewing
and
editing the
Experimental
setup
.
This
can
be
very
helpful
if
you
wish
to
recalculate
the
data
produced
based
on
new
information about
the materials
involved
.
For
example
if
you
performed
a
contact
angle
experiment
and estimated
the
perimeter
of
your
probe
to
be
1
Omm
and later
found
that
the
actual
perimeter
was
11
mm
you
could
enter
this
new
information into the
experimental
setup
and the
Sigma
70
would recalculate
all
your
data based
on
this
change
.
You
can
also look
at
a
variety
of
graphs
for
your
data
.
Calculation
of
additional results and
export
of
data
can
be done
.
You
can
also
print
reports
of
experiment
from
Browse
software
.
16

Main
Menu
After
you
have
selected
Sgserver
.
exe
the
Main
Menu
for
your
Sigma
70
software
should
appear
as
follows
:
The
menu
for
the
top
bar is
as
follows
:
File
:
—
>
Open
:
opens
Run
Experiments drop
down
menu
.
Menu
includes
list
of
all
experiments
and data
analysis
software
.
Should
appear
as
below
.
—
»
Exit
:
closes
Sigma
software
.
Experiments
:
opens
Run
Experiments drop
down
menu
.
Should
appear
as
follows
:
Hun
f
xpriiim
-
nt
Expenm
&
nts
Contact
Angle
Measurement
Browse
Contact
Angle
Measurements
CMC
Measurement
Browse
CMC
Measurements
Powder
Wettability
Measurement
Browse
Powder
Wettability
Measurements
Surface
T
ension
Measurement
Browse
Surface
Tension
Measurements
System
Diagnostics
and
Calibration
Caned
a
17

Each
of
the
titles
listed
in
Run
Experiment
refers
to
a
specific
section
of
the
software
which
will
be
accessed
.
Refer
to
appropriate
section
of
manual
for
operation
of
software
selected
.
Control
Panel
:
opens
Control
Panel
.
Refer
to
pg
25
for
details
.
Setup
:
opens
setup
window
.
Screen
should
appear
as
follows
:
a
Conligmc
'
COM
Pat
C
0
M
1
CorwUfW
rMM
r
r
com
r
swnaffM
*
r
rjmr
*
l
1
ftt
On
the
right
side
of
the
screen
the
COM
port
through
which
your
Sigma
70
is
communicating
with
your
computer
is
indicated
.
On
the
left
of
the
screen
under
the
heading
Control
Panel
are
the
following
buttons
:
Autostart
:
when
active
starts
Control
Panel
automatically
with
Main
Menu
.
Start
Minimized
:
Control
Panel
will
be
minimized
when
started
.
Start
Normally
:
Control
Panel
will
be
full
sized
when
started
.
Below
this
menu
you
will
find
a
selection
of
icons
.
The
function
of
these
icons
is
as
follows
:
Opens
Surface
Tension
Measurement
Opens
Contact
Angle
Measurement
Opens
Powder
Wettability
Measurement
Opens
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
Measurement
Opens
Systems
Diagnostics
Opens
Browse
Surface
Tension
Opens
Browse
Contact
Angle
18

M
Opens
Browse
Powder
Wettability
SSI
Opens
Browse
Critical
Micelle
Concentration
Opens
Surface
Free
Energy
Calculations
Open
the
portion
of
the
software
you
desire
by
double
-
clicking
appropriate
icon
.
19

Edit
Data
Base
This
is the
section
of
the
software
which
stores
the library
of
information
your
Sigma
70
has
for
choices
of
materials
,
probes
and
vessels
.
When
you
fill
out
the
Experimental
Setup
prior
to
starting
an
experiment
,
your
software
will
reference
the
information stored
in
this file
to
supply choices
for
your
selection
.
When
the
selection
of
choices
needs
to
be added
to
or
altered
you
need
to return
to
this section
to
make the
desired
changes
.
This
section
is
divided
into six
pages
;
Users
,
Liquids
,
Solids
,
Additions
,
Probes
and
Vessels
.
Each
page
has
a
row
of
buttons
near
the bottom which
can
be
used
for
scrolling
and
editing
.
The
functions
of
the buttons
are
as
follows
Jli
Move
to
top
of
list
Jtl
Move
one
space
toward
top
of
list
Ld
Move
one
space
toward bottom
of
list
LuJ
Move
to
bottom
of
list
L
±
J
Add
new
item
to
list
JLI
Delete item
from
list
Ld
Edit item
on
list
(
change
field values
for
current
item
)
-
ll
Post
new
item entered
JiJ
Cancel
edit
The
page
for
editing
Users
should
appear
as
follows
:
[
El
Edit database
'
1
Liquids
j
UUs
j
n
*
Probes
j
.
•
|
User
Henry
Fnord
Jane
Smith
John
Doe
Kip
J
zJ
4
*
I
—
A
.
»
•
4
1
OK
Caned
A
list
of
current
users
will
appear
.
To
add
a
new user
press
the
New Item
button and
enter
the
new
name
in
the field
space
.
If
you
wish
to
add
more
users
click
Post New Item
.
When
you
are
done adding click
OK
.
The
page
for
editing
liquids
should
appear
as
follows
:
20