Lectrosonics UR190 User manual

UR190
UHF COMPACT RECEIVER
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
and trouble-shooting guide
LECTROSONICS, INC.
Rio Rancho, NM

INTRODUCTION
Thank you for selecting the Lectrosonics Professional Series wireless microphone system. This system
represents well over 10 years of manufacturing experience in wireless microphones, and almost 70
years of design experience.
The UR190 UHF receiver design is the result of surveying the needs of professional video producers,
ENG cameramen and many others in the broadcast and pro video industry. Hundreds of conversations
with dealers and end-users developed the final parameters for the design.
The UR190 receiver is a fixed frequency design that eliminates the need to "tune" or adjust the receiver
every time it is used. This is the preferred design for a number of reasons, among them simplicity of
operation, no adjustments in "high pressure" situations, and interference rejection by design rather than
by trying to "tune" it out.
The UR190 miniature receiver was designed by professionals for outstanding performance and
flexibility, while preserving ease of operation. It is compatible with all Lectrosonics high band
transmitters. The UR190 receiver represents one of the best values in wireless, regardless of price.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1
GENERAL TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION .......................... 2
CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS ................................ 4
RECEIVER FRONT PANEL ............................ 4
RECEIVER REAR PANEL ............................. 6
ANTENNA USE AND PLACEMENT ............................. 7
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ................................. 8
INDICATOR QUICK REFERENCE .............................. 8
TROUBLESHOOTING ....................................... 9
UR190 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES ............... 9
SERVICE AND REPAIR ..................................... 10
RETURNING UNITS FOR REPAIR ............................. 10
SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES ............................ 11
WARRANTY ........................................ Back cover
1

GENERAL TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
AFC
2nd Mixer
Demodulator
RF
LED
Squelch
0dB
LED
-20
LED
On
Off
Power
LED
+9V
Helical Resonator
Filter
GAsFET
Preamp
Helical Resonator
Filter Double
Balanced
Mixer
1st
Local
Oscillator
CH12
Jack
+9V
Reg
1st IF Amp
and Crystal Filters
2nd
Local
Oscillator
Balanced
XLR
Output
Output Amp
& Level Control
2nd IF Amp
w/LC Filters
Dual-Band
Compandor
16 kHz
Lo-Pass Filter
Audio
Level
Hdph Amp
and Level Control
Headphone
Output
Polarity
Protection
Ant
Figure 1 - UR190 Receiver Block Diagram
The UR190 receiver is comprised of six major functional subsystems: the RF front-end amplifier, the
double balanced mixer/local oscillator, the first IF filter, the second IF filter and audio demodulator, the
compandor, and the balanced microphone level output circuit.
The RF front-end amplifier consists of a 5-section helical resonator for high selectivity. Between the
first and second helical resonators, is a low noise GAsFET amplifier. These amplifiers are designed to
provide only enough gain to make up for the inherent loss through the helical resonators. This
combination of low front-end gain, coupled with the extremely high selectivity of the cascaded helical
resonators results in no overloading, even on extremely strong signals. Rejection of out of band signals
is maximized, and intermodulation products are suppressed.
The mixer stage consists of a high level double balanced diode mixer. The oscillator is biased from a
regulated supply, and includes Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) yielding stable performance over
the normal variations in supply voltage. The local oscillator crystal operates at approximately 16 MHz,
and can be adjusted above and below the nominal frequency in order to place the 21.4 MHz IF in the
center of the crystal filter’s narrow passband. The high selectivity of the IF crystal filter stage further
minimizes the possibility of interference from signals on adjacent frequencies.
The second IF filter and the audio demodulator, as well as the squelch and RF output LED drive are
provided by one monolithic integrated circuit. The second IF filter is centered on 1mHz, and drives a
double tuned quadrature type FM demodulator. The squelch circuit is a supersonic noise detector type
and is factory set for a -20dB SINAD level (about .5uV). The squelch level is regulated and
temperature compensated to maintain a consistent squelch level under all conditions.
2

The Dual Band Compandor is driven by a multiple pole active low-pass filter. The filter ensures that
supersonic noise will not cause the compandor to increase gain incorrectly. This filter also drives the
-20dB and 0dB modulation LEDs.
Traditionally, compandors have been a source of distortion in wireless microphone systems. The basic
problem with conventional systems is that the attack and decay times are always a compromise. If the
time constants are fast, high frequency transients will not be distorted, but this will cause low frequency
distortion. If the time constants are slower, low frequency audio distortion will be low, but high
frequency transients will then be distorted. The 190 system introduces an entirely new approach to
solving this basic problem, called "dual-band companding."
There are actually two separate compandors in the 195 system, one for high frequencies and one for
low frequencies. A crossover network separates the frequency bands at 1kHz with a 6dB per octave
slope, followed by separate high and low frequency compandors. The attack and release times in the
high frequency compandor are fast enough to keep high frequency transient distortion at a low level,
and the low frequency compandor uses slower time constants, reducing low frequency distortion to well
below that of a conventional compandor.
The compandor senses the signal level, and dynamically increases the gain for loud signals or
decreases the gain for soft signals. In this way, the original dynamic range of the transmitted signal is
restored, while preserving a high signal-to-noise ratio. The expansion ratio is 2:1, which produces a
2dB change in output signal level for a 1dB change in input level.
The balanced microphone level output circuit generates a truly balanced signal at the XLR output
connector. The volume control is a balanced attenuator, and gives a gain range from -20dBV (at full
modulation) in the fully clockwise position to -50dBV in the fully counter-clockwise position. In addition,
the headphone circuit is driven from the microphone circuit. This means that the headphone output
level is dependent not only on the headphone volume control, but also the microphone level control.
3

CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS
RECEIVER FRONT PANEL
MODULATION LEDs
Indicate the modulation (audio level) of the incoming signal, and can be used for proper adjustment of
the transmitter’s "MIC LEVEL" or "GAIN". The -20 LED glows when the transmitter modulation is at a
high enough level to produce a good audio signal-to-noise ratio. It will normally flicker, or stay lit as
you speak into the microphone. The 0dB lamp indicates a "peak," showing that the transmitter
modulation is at maximum. Constant lighting may indicate that the audio gain in the transmitter may be
set too high. It is normal and desirable that you see an occasional flicker of the 0dB lamp in typical
use.
OUTPUT CONTROL
Attenuates the audio output level of the receiver to match the input requirements of the equipment with
which it is used. The XLR output jack on the rear panel provides an audio output at microphone level
for low impedance, balanced inputs. At the extreme counter-clockwise position of the control knob, the
output level of this XLR jack will be 50dB at full modulation. In the fully clockwise position, the output
level will be -20dB at full modulation. Intermediate settings are sometimes necessary due to the
variations in different input compressors and ALC (automatic level control) circuits on various VCR’s
and audio inputs. The markings around the control knob are provided simply as "memory markers;"
they are not calibrated with reference to a specific output level.
ON/OFF/ SWITCH
Turns the receiver power off and on.
POWER LED
Glows when the power switch is in the ON position and external 12 Volt DC power is properly supplied.
If this LED is very dim or does not light up when the switch is turned on, check the connections from
the external power source.
4

RF LED
Lights when the transmitter is turned on and the receiver has a good signal. When the carrier signal
from the transmitter is too weak to produce a clean audio signal, the lamp will go out.
MINI PHONE JACK
Provides a monitor, separate from the rear panel XLR audio output. The output level from this jack is
controlled by both the OUTPUT control and the recessed trim-pot on the side panel. Generally, the
OUTPUT control would be set to provide the proper output level at the rear panel XLR jack, and then
the side panel trim-pot adjusted to match the required level for your earphone.
The output at this mini connector is designed for a medium impedance earphone. An earphone with an
impedance between 30 and 300 Ohms will usually provide adequate volume. The sound from a low
impedance ear phone (ie. 8 Ohms) will not be very loud and may be distorted at higher listening levels.
ANTENNA JACK
Connects to any 50 ohm antenna with a BNC type connector (a flexible "rubber duckie" antenna is
supplied). The A-185 Coax remote type antenna may also be used.
-50 dBV -20
-20 0dB
MODULATION
OUTPUT
OFF
POWER RF
ON
Figure 2 - UR190 Front Panel
5

RECEIVER REAR PANEL
12 VDC INPUT
Connects to the supplied CH-12 AC adapter for powering the receiver from a 110/120V AC source. The
receiver may also be powered from external 12 volt DC sources using the correct plug (Switchcraft
S-760 power plug). A diode bridge is used in the external power input, so that the UR190 will operate
properly from either polarity.
AUDIO OUTPUT
Supplies a balanced, low impedance output at microphone level. The audio signal is output on pins 2
and 3, while pin 1 is ground. The output level of this jack is controlled by the OUTPUT control on the
front panel of the receiver. The connector is a standard XLR type.
ANT 12V DC
IN
AUDIO OUT
12
3
Figure 3 - UR190 Rear Panel
6

ANTENNA USE AND PLACEMENT
Connect the antenna to the front panel jack. Position the antenna so that it is not within 3 or 4 feet of
large metal surfaces. If this is not possible, try to position the antenna so that it is as far away from the
metal surface as is practical. It is also good to position the receiver so that there is a direct "line of
sight" between the transmitter and the receiver antenna. In situations where the operating range is less
than about 50 feet, the antenna positioning is much less critical.
A wireless transmitter sends a radio signal out in all directions. This signal will often bounce off nearby
walls, ceilings, etc. and a strong reflection can arrive at the receiver antenna along with the direct
signal. If the direct and reflected signals are out of phase with each other a cancellation may occur.
The result would be a "drop out." A drop out sounds like either audible noise (hiss), or in severe cases,
may result in a complete loss of the carrier and the sound. Moving the transmitter even a few inches
may eliminate it. A dropout situation may be either better or worse as the crowd fills and/or leaves the
room, or when the transmitter or receiver is operated in a different location.
Dropouts can be avoided by careful placement of the receiver. If you are mounting the receiver on a
video camera or camcorder, experiment with the location prior to going into the field. By placing the
antenna above the body of the camera, you will increase your operating range. If the antenna is laid
next to the camera, as shown in the illustration below, the body of the camera will serve as a shield
and reduce range. This position may work but be certain at least part of the antenna extends above
the camera. Alternate locations can include the back of the camera, the top of the camera or mounted
vertically on the side.
If dropouts occur in the field, moving the transmitter or receiver slightly in any direction will usually
eliminate the problem.
DIRECTSIGNAL
INDIRECTSIGNAL
DIRECT SIGNAL
INDIRECT SIGNAL
TRANSMITTER
PHASE
CANCELLATION
REFLECTIVE SURFACE
RECEIVER
Figure 4 - Dropouts resulting from phase cancellation
7

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
1) Connect the power cord.
2) Attach and extend the antenna.
3) Connect the audio cable.
4) Set the front panel switch to either "EXT" or "INT", depending upon the power source. Check
to see that the red POWER LED lights up.
5) THIS IS PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN THE SET UP PROCEDURE. Adjust
the transmitter "gain". See your transmitter manual (Operating Instructions section) for
specific directions on the proper gain adjustment of your particular transmitter.
6) Adjust the output control according to the type of input on your equipment. The input levels
on different VCR’s and PA equipment vary, which may require that you set the OUTPUT
control in an intermediate position. Try different settings and listen to the results. If the
output of the receiver is too high, you may hear distortion or a loss of the natural dynamics of
the audio signal. If the output is too low, you may hear steady noise (hiss) along with the
audio. The UR190 output was designed to drive microphone level inputs. The output signal
level ranges from -50dBV with the output control fully counter clockwise to -20dBV with the
output control fully clockwise when the transmitter signal is at full modulation.
INDICATOR QUICK REFERENCE
(Refer to Controls and Functions section for more detailed descriptions)
RF - This LED lights up when the transmitter is turned on. This indicates that the receiver is
getting an adequate RF signal (carrier) from the transmitter.
POWER - This LED lights up when the receiver is properly connected to a power supply and
switched on.
MODULATION - The "-20" LED lights up when an audio signal is present at an adequate level to
produce a good signal to noise ratio. The "0dB" LED lights up when the audio level is high and
the signal is being compressed in the transmitter. An extremely high audio level may cause
distortion.
REVIEW THE TRANSMITTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR PROPER
ADJUSTMENT AND SETUP OF THE TRANSMITTER MIC LEVEL OR GAIN
8

TROUBLESHOOTING
Before going through the following chart, be sure that you have a properly connected AC adapter.
The POWER LED should glow brightly.
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE
NO POWER LED 1) Receiver switch in "OFF" position
2) External 12 Volt power disconnected
3) Receiver switch in wrong position for the power
source used
NO RF LED 1) Transmitter not turned on
2) Transmitter battery dead
3) No microphone on transmitter (the microphone
serves as the antenna
4) Receiver antenna not connected
RF LED ON BUT NO SOUND 1) Transmitter switch in "MUTE" position
AND NO MODULATION LEDS 2) Transmitter microphone not connected
3) Microphone switch in "OFF" position
4) Possible malfunction in the audio section of the
transmitter See transmitter manual
5) Check transmitter modulation LEDs for possible
transmitter problem
MODULATION LED’s ON 1) Receiver LEVEL control turned down
BUTNOSOUND 2) Audio cable disconnected
3) Recorder or sound system off, or not properly
adjusted
UR190 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
Part No. Description
CH-12 110 Volt AC adapter for UR190 receiver
CC-MINI System pouch, zippered, for compact wireless systems
A-500S UHF Flexible whip receiver antenna, straight
A-500RA UHF Flexible whip receiver antenna, right angle
PS-12 Power cable, Hi-rose 7-4 pin (Betacam) to DC power supply (UR190)
PS-212 Same as PS-12 except with dual plugs to power 2 UR190 receivers
UMC-190 Rackmount, space for four receivers, with RF dstribution amplifier
9

SERVICE AND REPAIR
If your system malfunctions, you should attempt to correct or isolate the trouble before concluding
that the equipment needs repair. Make sure you have followed the setup procedure and operating
instructions. Check out the inter-connecting cords and then go through the TROUBLE SHOOTING
section in the manual
We strongly recommend that you do not try to repair the equipment yourself and do not have the
local repair shop attempt anything other than the simplest repair. If the repair is more complicated
than a broken wire or loose connection, send the unit to the factory for repair and service. Don’t
attempt to adjust any controls inside the units. Once set at the factory, the various controls and
trimmers do not drift with age or vibration and never require readjustment. There are no
adjustments inside that will make a malfunctioning unit start working.
LECTROSONICS service department is equipped and staffed to quickly repair your equipment.
In-warranty repairs are made at no charge in accordance with the terms of the warranty. Out of
warranty repairs are charged at a modest flat rate plus parts and shipping. Since it takes almost
as much time and effort to determine what is wrong as it does to make the repair, there is a
charge for an exact quotation. We will be happy to quote approximate charges by phone for out of
warranty repairs.
RETURNING UNITS FOR REPAIR
You will save yourself time and trouble if you will follow the steps below:
A. DO NOT return equipment to the factory for repair without first contacting us by letter or by
phone. We need to know the nature of the problem, the model number and the serial number
of the equipment. We also need a phone number where you can be reached 8 am to 4 pm
(Mountain Standard Time).
B. After receiving your request, we will issue you a return authorization number (R.A.). This
number will help speed your repair through our receiving and repair departments. The return
authorization number must be clearly shown on the outside of the shipping container.
C. Pack the equipment carefully and ship to us, shipping costs prepaid. If necessary, we can
provide you with the proper packing materials. UPS is usually the best way to ship the units.
Heavy units should be "double-boxed" for safe transport.
D. We also strongly recommend that you insure the equipment, since we cannot be responsible
for loss of or damage to equipment that you ship. Of course, we insure the equipment when
we ship it back to you.
Mailing address: Shipping address: Telephones:
Lectrosonics, Inc. Lectrosonics, Inc. [phone]
PO Box 15900 581 Laser Rd. [phone]
Rio Rancho, NM 87174 Rio Rancho, NM 87124 FAX: [phone]
USA USA
World Wide Web: http://www.lectrosonics.com email: [email protected]
10

SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES
Operating Frequencies: 470MHz to 608MHz, crystal controlled
Sensitivity: Better than 0.35 uV for 20dB SINAD;
1.5 uV for 50dB S/N ratio
Signal/Noise Ratio: 106dB A-weighted
Squelch Quieting: greater than 106dB
AM Rejection: -60dB (10uV to 0.1 Volts)
Modulation Acceptance: ±15kHz
Image and Spurious Rejection: greater than 100dB
Third Order Intercept: -5 dBm
Audio Outputs:
XLR: 200 Ohms balanced; 100mV max.
Headphone: 0.6 Volts RMS into 50 Ohms
Antenna Input: BNC; 50 Ohms impedance
Controls: Front panel attenuator controls XLR output
Recessed trim-pot controls headphone
3 position power/function switch
Indicators: Red LED for power "ON"
2 LEDs for modulation level
"RF" LED for transmitter "ON"
Power Requirements: 12 Volts DC external (either polarity)
110 VAC via CH-12 AC adapter
Power consumption: 60mA at idle;
70mA at 15kHz deviation, with headphones
Weight: 11 ounces
Dimensions: 1.1" x 2.75" x 5.2"
11

LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRANTY
The equipment is warranted for one year from date of purchase
against defects in materials or workmanship provided it was
purchased from an authorized dealer. This warranty does not cover
equipment which has been abused or damaged by careless
handling or shipping. This warranty does not apply to used or
demonstrator equipment.
Should any defect develop, we will, at our option, repair or replace
any defective parts without charge for either parts or labor. If we
cannot correct the defect in your equipment, we will replace it at no
charge with a similar new item. We will pay for the cost of returning
your merchandise to you.
This warranty applies only to items returned to us, shipping costs
prepaid, within one year from the date of purchase.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have
additional legal rights which vary from state to state.
LECTROSONICS, INC.
581 LASER ROAD
RIO RANCHO, NM 87124 USA July 6, 1999