Lindorm SediMeter SM2 Series User manual

Lindorm Inc. L I N D O R M .C O M
SEDIMETER REFERENCE 2.3.DOC 2010-12-14 PAGE 1OF 44
SediMeter Reference
Firmware rev. 2.3

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Document Scope
This is a user reference document for SediMeter instruments, model family SM2, firmware
revision 2.3. The document does not cover the SediMeter software (refer to the SediMeter
Software Manual), nor file formats or serial communication protocols (those are specified
in the LogDator Tech Manual and LogDator Comm Manual, respectively). The sections on
the LogDator controller are equally valid for the LogDator instrument without a sedimeter
sensor.
Document Versions
Present version is 2.3, dated 2010-12-14.
Version 2.1, dated 2009-11-06, called “SediMeter Reference”.
Version 2.0, dated 2009-05-06, called “SediMeter User Reference”.
Version 1.0.2, dated 2008-11-01, called “SediMeter User Manual.doc”.
Use and limitations
This device is intended only for scientific and professional use, whether in a laboratory or
in nature under the water. It uses and may emit radio frequency energy, and it is not
designed or tested with regard to radio interference. The user is responsible for mitigating
any problems that may arise. The device is furthermore exempt from complying with the
RoHS directive, and it is not lead free, traditional solder being used.
Recycling
Apart from the electronics, the materials of the instrument are polycarbonate (black and
clear), stainless steel 316 (equivalent to A4), and silicon filling in the sensor. The yellow
finger knob is an unknown plastic. The holder tube is PC and the anchor screw SS316. The
handle is aluminium in the 6060 range, with an SS316 cotter pin.
Legal Notices
Copyright
This manual is ©Lindorm, Inc., 2008-2010. All rights reserved. Contact
[email protected] to request permission to use the material.
Warranty
The instrument has a 12-month warranty against defects in material or workmanship.
Contact the factory or the place you bought the instrument to obtain an RMA before

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returning it for repairs. No express or implied warranty is made regarding the usefulness for
a specific purpose, beyond what is mandated by applicable law. The user must verify that
the device performs in the way required by the specific circumstances.

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Contents
DOCUMENT SCOPE................................................................................................................................................. 2
Document Versions .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Use and limitations........................................................................................................................................... 2
RECYCLING ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
LEGAL NOTICES ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Copyright .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Warranty........................................................................................................................................................... 2
OVERVIEW OF PARTS ........................................................................................................................................ 6
STANDARD PROCEDURES................................................................................................................................. 8
DEPLOYMENT......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Replacing batteries........................................................................................................................................... 8
Setting up for logging....................................................................................................................................... 8
Avoid moisture due to the condensation risk .................................................................................................. 9
Cleaning and sealing........................................................................................................................................ 9
Preparation for the dive................................................................................................................................. 13
Under water procedures ................................................................................................................................ 15
Post-dive procedures...................................................................................................................................... 17
TEMPORARY RETRIEVAL FOR GETTING DATA AND OR REPLACING BATTERIES .................................................. 18
Preparation..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Diver procedures............................................................................................................................................ 18
Opening and data capture ............................................................................................................................. 18
RETRIEVING AT END OF MISSION ......................................................................................................................... 20
Preparation..................................................................................................................................................... 20
Diver procedures............................................................................................................................................ 20
Opening and data capture ............................................................................................................................. 21
Post-deployment procedures.......................................................................................................................... 21
USER INTERFACE............................................................................................................................................... 22
NAVPIN OPERATION............................................................................................................................................. 22
Menu overview ............................................................................................................................................... 22
LogDator ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
RS485 ID......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Date UTC........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Time UTC ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Interval............................................................................................................................................................ 23
Next At ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
Store On.......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Flash ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
Card ................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Samples........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Rate Opt.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
SlaveOpt.......................................................................................................................................................... 25
NetList............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Wipe/Int........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Sleeping (Pill)................................................................................................................................................. 26
Mode ............................................................................................................................................................... 26
Temp & Time display ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Next Time & Present Time display ................................................................................................................ 27
SERIAL COMMUNICATION............................................................................................................................. 28

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RS-485............................................................................................................................................................. 28
USB ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
OPERATING MODES.......................................................................................................................................... 29
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
ADAPTER MODE: USB TO RS-485 NETWORK .................................................................................................... 29
MASTER MODE: NETWORK LOGGER ................................................................................................................... 30
SLAVE MODE: NETWORK SENSOR ....................................................................................................................... 30
LOGGER MODE: STAND-ALONE LOGGING .......................................................................................................... 31
SLEEP MODE: LOW POWER .................................................................................................................................. 31
USER INTERFACE SPECIAL OPERATION MODES ................................................................................................. 31
USB ................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Display and NavPin ....................................................................................................................................... 32
SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................................ 33
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS ................................................................................................................................. 33
CURRENT USE AND BATTERY LIFETIME ESTIMATE.............................................................................................. 33
MEMORY CARD FUNCTIONALITY .............................................................................................................. 35
INSERTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 35
FILE CREATION .................................................................................................................................................... 35
REMOVING A MEMORY CARD ............................................................................................................................. 35
EXCHANGING MEMORY CARD DURING LOGGING.............................................................................................. 36
SETTING UP AN RS-485 NETWORK .............................................................................................................. 37
REAL-TIME MONITORING WITH A COMPUTER.................................................................................................... 37
RS-485 topology ............................................................................................................................................. 37
CALIBRATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
HOW TO CALIBRATE THE SEDIMETER SENSOR ................................................................................................... 39
Measurement Hints ........................................................................................................................................ 39
Calibrating...................................................................................................................................................... 40
THEORY................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Optimizing Turbidity Accuracy...................................................................................................................... 41
OPTION: SENSOR WIPER LM-17.................................................................................................................... 42
APPENDIX: THE SI SYSTEM............................................................................................................................ 43

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Overview of Parts
Figure 1. The main parts. The handle tube is now anodized yellow and the bar in blue.
Figure 2. The logic unit of the SediMeter™, the LogDator™. The printed circuit board
(PCB) under the front panel is exposed for illustration only; in normal use the front panel

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should never be removed. The user interface consists of the NavPin (a tact switch with 4
directions plus select), the display, and the Reset button. Using a thin object the Reset
button is accessible through the opening in the front panel. The display can be used with or
without backlight. The switch for turning backlight on and off is located almost under the
black cap of the NavPin (it is the closer one in the double switch; the farther one is for RS-
485 termination). The USB and memory card slot are accessed from the end through panel
openings. If RS-485 UW contacts are installed they are connected using the indicated RS-
485 PCB connector. If optional sensors are installed they are connected via cables to the
bottom-left analog part of the LogDator (incidentally, “dator” is Swedish for ‘computer’.)

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Standard Procedures
WARNING: Do not tilt the cylinder when opening
or closing it! Doing so may cause the O-ring to leak.
Deployment
Replacing batteries
Use only 3.6 V size AA batteries. To replace the batteries the transparent tube must be
removed. When clearing the last part of the house make sure that you do not scratch the
inside of the cylinder against the corners of the stainless steel panel.
Setting up for logging
Using the NavPin and Display
If you plan to store data on a memory card (max 2 GB MMC or SD) you may insert the
card first. If the display says Mounted you may proceed, but if you get an error message
you may want to try again, and if that fails, re-format the card as FAT16.
The menu system is designed to step through it to the right. If you need to adjust the
NetAddr for some reason, do so now. Then set date, time (in UTC; the displayed time will
be wrong if you set it in local time), and measurement parameters. If you chose to store on
the internal memory you can clear it now, and if you have a card inserted you can clear that,
too (there is not Format option, though, so it has to be formatted in advance as FAT16 with

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only one partition). Towards the end there are three menus specific for operation as a
network master, so in most cases they can be ignored. The second to last menu is the one
where you set mode. When you switch mode to Logger and a card is present, a file will be
created on the card. It will also change the menu system, making most menus unavailable,
but adding a new one showing the next measurement time on the first line, and the present
clock time on the second line. The final menu is one showing CPU temperature on the first
line and battery voltage on the second (this menu is not available when USB is connected).
Using this procedure you can set up the instrument to start recording data up to 24 hours
in advance. If a longer time is required there is a method to change mode without opening
the instrument.
Beyond the display, opposite the serial number label of the instrument, there is a reed
switch that can be activated by a magnet (also under water). When first activated the
display will show the temperature and voltage for 4 seconds. If the switch is activated again
within that time, the display will start showing the mode. Any time the switch is activated
again within 3 seconds of the last time, the mode will change. When the time is up the
mode will be updated and displayed for a final 2 seconds.
Under-Water Network Logger
The magnet method can be used to start Master logging of an underwater network. Each
instrument is set to Slave mode, mounted under water, and connected to the cable network
with under-water pluggable connectors. The Master logger is then changed to Master mode
using a magnet. It will do a roll call, display the number of units found for verification,
create the folder and files, display a confirmation that it succeeded (or an error message),
and if all went well, switch to Master mode, display the mode for 2 s, and turn off the
display. If the slaves should loose power, or not have power until connected, the master can
set there operating parameters once connected. This is done by setting menu “SlaveOpt” to
“Copy f&#”. Note that to avoid excessive battery drain the “Sleeping Pill” menu should be
set to “On”.
Avoid moisture due to the condensation risk
Pay attention to the humidity when servicing the SediMeter to avoid condensation inside it
after closing it. Although you should always use a moisture-absorbing desiccant inside the
instrument house to protect against condensation, keep the following in mind: When the
instrument is getting colder (as in cold seas or in winter), the dew point will be reached
unless the air was very dry and/or cold when closing the instrument. In many cases the dew
point is only a few degrees below the air temperature out at sea. Unless the sea is warmer
than the air you will need a desiccant.
Cleaning and sealing
Make sure the o-ring grooves and the cylinder mating surfaces are clean. Especially look
for fibers, since any fiber, such as a tiny hair or a fiber from a cloth or a paper towel, when
placed across the o-ring will break the seal and allow water to enter.

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Also make sure that the o-rings are greased on all surfaces with a thin layer of grease.
There must be no dry spot whatsoever.
Removing o-rings
If there is dirt in the o-ring groove, if the o-ring needs to get a new layer of grease, if the o-
ring show signs of damage such as cracks, or if it is time to replace the o-ring due to age,
proceed to remove the o-ring as follows.
Put your thumb on the o-ring on one side of the cylinder, and the index finger on the
opposite side, and push towards the same direction so that the o-ring bulges up from its
groove. Gently push the bulge sideways so it leaves the groove, and continue along both
sides until it is completely out of the groove.
If you are removing the lower o-ring you must roll it over the LogDator. Be careful not
to slide it, especially over the display or any exposed metal edge that could damage it. As
an extra precaution one may cover the logger with some clean plastic, or tape over the
metal parts.
Cleaning and greasing o-rings
First clean out the o-ring grooves, then the o-rings themselves. Use a lint-free cloth to
gently wipe off dust, dirt, and old grease. Work in an environment that is as dust-free as
possible. Clothes, household paper towels, and windy beaches should absolutely be
avoided.
Apply a thin but covering coat of o-ring grease by spreading it out with your fingers
(use single use gloves for even less contamination risk, plus it keeps you clean). Pull the o-
ring between your fingers several revolutions until every spot for sure is covered.
Replacing o-rings
Make sure that the o-ring groove and the surrounding surfaces are clean and—most
importantly—free from fibers. Place the o-ring into the groove on one side and push it with
your fingers along both sides so it slides in completely.
To replace the o-ring in the lower end, under the LogDator, first clean very carefully the
entire length of the LogDator house. Be careful not to wet the display when cleaning,
though. Use a moist lint-free wipe to clean off any dust and fibers. Then roll the o-ring
down the cylinder and place it in its groove. Finally you may want to remove traces of o-
ring grease left behind, to avoid that it attracts dirt. (It may be easier to just cover the logger
with clean plastics, taped in place.)
Desiccant
When the SediMeter’s LogDator has been prepared and set up, the final step before closing
the lid is to place a bag of desiccant inside. The reason is that there is a certain amount of
humidity in the air that will be trapped, and if the instrument gets cooled down sufficiently,
that humidity will condensate, which may cause malfunction.

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Figure 3. When closing the lid, after making sure the o-ring and its groove and mating
surfaces are clean and the o-ring is greased, push it in until it makes resistance. At that time
give it a twist to easily get the o-ring into the cylinder without risking harm to the o-ring (a
red o-ring is used on the photos for clarity; the real o-ring is black).
Closing the lid
It does not matter if you first place the top lid on the cylinder and then the cylinder on the
SediMeter itself, or if you do it in the opposite order. In any case you may find that the lid
wants to come off as a result of the pressure inside the cylinder. This is a good sign, since it
shows that the o-rings are sealing.

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Figure 4. Closing the spring.
Hold the lid down while you swing the locking spring in place (Fig. 4). Push on the bend of
the spring to make it mate with the groove on the lid. Some springs, when they are new,
may need a little bit of help in opening up around the cylinder. Make sure it slips into the
groove all the way around. Finally check that the ends of the spring are not coming out of
their holes. If they are, push them back in (the bend should be within a mm or two from the
plastic).
The purpose of the spring
The purpose of the spring is just to hold the lid in place on land. As soon as the SediMeter
gets under water the water pressure will hold the lid in place.

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Figure 5. The battery compartment holds two size AA 3.6 V Li primary batteries.
Cleaning the sensor
Use the protective cover on the sensor whenever handling the instrument. As the last
preparation remove the protection, and, using clean water and a non-abrading wipe, clean
off the sensor surface. Substances that can not be dissolved with water may be cleaned off
using isopropyl alcohol, but do not let the alcohol sit for more than some seconds on the
polycarbonate surface, since prolonged exposure may turn the plastic white and ruin the
sensor. If in any doubt, try on the rear side of the sensor first.
Polycarbonate is impact resistant, but rather sensitive to scratches. Never let the sensor
get in contact with hard surfaces or objects.
Preparation for the dive
Holder tube
Be careful not to scratch the holder tube. If it needs rinsing do so before assembly. Use
clean water and lint-free wipes. If salt has built up on the inside, rinse with fresh water, and
if necessary blow a little ball of lint-free cloth through (using your lungs) to help loose
debris along.
Screw the holder tube onto the anchor screw. (The screw thread is 11/16” 24 tpi UNF
right hand.)
Handle
Remove the cotter pin from the handle bar, insert the bar through the hole in the top of the
handle tube, and re-insert the pin to lock the bar in place.

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Figure 6. Turn the cotter pin sideways as in this photo to get it in and out while inside the
handle tube. Once in place turn it back perpendicularly so it will stay safely in place.
Marking insertion depth
Place the SediMeter, outer tube, and handle next to each other and aligned the way they
interact (Fig. 7). Decide how deep you want to insert the SediMeter in the bottom. If you
expect sedimentation you may want to leave just 2 or 3 detectors buried, and if you expect
erosion you may want to leave all but 7 or 8 detectors buried. Remember that the top 6 ones
are used for estimating turbidity.
Figure 7. Lined up for measuring insertion depth on the handle tube.
Place a mark on the handle tube at your required insertion depth. We suggest using
electrical (vinyl) tape for a temporary mark. You can also make a permanent mark with a
marker on the anodized tube.
Buoyancy
It is more convenient to handle objects on the bottom, such as the SediMeter, if they are
heavier than water. You may want to check that the SediMeter really has negative
buoyancy, and if that is not the case, tape some ballast inside it or on its top end.
Diver considerations
It is easier to screw the anchor into the bottom if the diver can maintain negative buoyancy
at the bottom. We recommend at least a couple of kg of negative buoyancy with empty

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buoyancy vest or dry suit. The heavier the better, but keep in mind the safety, and the
capacity of the vest or suit.
It is also possible to deploy the SediMeter by snorkeling, in shallow waters. Count on
making several dives to screw the anchor all the way down. Unless you have neutral or
negative buoyancy you have to swim downwards while screwing, which is difficult but not
impossible. We recommend a weight belt for neutral buoyancy, or better, negative
buoyancy in combination with a safety vest and a flotation device at the surface for resting.
Under water procedures
Carrying the SediMeter
You need to bring 3 things to the bottom: The SediMeter instrument itself, the outer tube
with anchor screw, and the handle (Fig. 8). If it has to be brought by one person in one
dive, there are two options: placing the SediMeter inside the outer tube, or placing the
handle outside the outer tube. In the first case, make sure the SediMeter does not float up.
In the second case, carry the handle upside down so the anchor tube does not fall out.
Check for leaks
Check the instrument house for leaks while descending, and especially immediately it is
dipped in the water. If it leaks immediately return to the surface, open it, remove the
batteries, pour out all water. First rinse with fresh (preferably distilled) water to drive out
the salt, then rinse with alcohol (e.g. isopropyl 99%) to drive out the water. Finally drive
out the alcohol; if you use a blow dryer make sure no component is heated to above 50ºC.

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Figure 8. The SediMeter with holder and handle ready for deployment.
Screwing down the holder tube CCW
Note that the anchor screw operates counterclockwise, as it has a left hand thread.
Place the handle over the outer tube, so that the bayonet connects to the stainless steel
pins on the anchor (Fig. 9). Place vertically on the bottom and screw down CCW until the
pre-determined depth.

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Rotate the handle slightly clockwise to disengage the bayonet, and pull straight up.
Take care not to pull at an angle, since doing so might scratch the surface of the
polycarbonate holder tube.
Figure 9. A bayonet connects the handle to the anchor screw. It does not lock in place, so if
transporting them together while swimming, hold the anchor screw upwards to prevent it
from falling out. (Note: Newer handles are anodized yellow for better corrosion protection.)
Placing the instrument in the holder
Pick up the SediMeter and hold it vertically. Carefully slide the SediMeter into the holder
tube. Make sure it does not scratch at the entrance. When it is down all the way, so the
outer tube is about 2 cm into the end of the SediMeter, tighten the yellow finger screw until
the SediMeter is no longer loose (lift it to test). Do not over tighten, as that will break the
outer tube.
Post-dive procedures
Rinsing the handle
Disassemble the handle in its 3 components and rinse in fresh water. Rinse especially
carefully inside the tube, since any salt accumulation there risks scratching the holder tube.
After removing all traces of salt dry the tube (push or blow a cloth through the tube to dry it
inside), and store it in a dry place.
Note that the cotter pin is stainless steel. To prevent galvanic corrosion it should not be
left in the aluminium cross bar unless both components are absolutely dry and free of salt.
For maximum protection do not assemble the parts for storage.

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Temporary retrieval for getting data and or replacing
batteries
Preparation
Bring fresh water for rinsing, and lint-free towels. It is recommended to cap the tube while
the SediMeter is gone, both because the transparent tube is very hard to see, and to prevent
dirt from getting in. A black or yellow cap or plastic bolt is recommended (the colour
depending on the colour of the bottom). The tube has 20 mm outside diameter, 16 mm
inside. Another tip is to use the handle as a marker.
Diver procedures
When reaching the SediMeter we recommend recording the bottom level and taking a
photo, to serve as ground truth.
Loosen the finger screw, carefully remove the SediMeter, and cap the tube with the
marker (or the handle).
Opening and data capture
When the SediMeter is back above the surface it should be rinsed in fresh water, and the
instrument house dried. Never let salt water dry on the sensor! If possible use compressed
air to blow away some of the water sitting under the cylinder but outside the o-rings. A lint-
free cloth can also be used to get the water out by capillary action.
Figure 10. To open, push on the spring’s corners.

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It is best to let a non-diving and thus dry person open the SediMeter. If that is not
possible you should dry your hair and face so you will not drip, then rinse your hands with
fresh water and dry them.
When both the hands and the SediMeter are salt free and dry, open the spring. Hold the
cylinder with both hands and push on the bends of the spring with your thumbs (Fig. 10).
To download data or change memory card, it is enough to remove the top plug. To
change batteries you must remove the cylinder, too.
Changing batteries
Use the NavPin to switch from Log mode to Sleep mode (to prevent that a measurement
takes place without batteries installed, since that may drive down the voltage so much that a
reset results). The mode may be changed by approaching a magnet to the reed switch,
before opening the instrument, on units so equipped. Make sure the display is off, and
especially so if the display backlight is on.
In this situation you have several minutes of backup power available in a capacitor.
Exchange the batteries to new 3.6 V AA batteries, with the minus pole towards the spring.
(Any size AA battery capable of delivering at least 15 mA at 3 V < U < 4.5 V can be used:
there are 1/3 AA NiCd rechargeable batteries on the market with 110 mAh capacity, and 6
of those should do the job, although they are unlikely to be cost-effective.)
USB data download
Switch to Sleep mode if not already done, using the NavPin. Connect the USB cable
between the LogDator and the computer. Start the SediMeter software and Connect.
Download the data using the Download tab. Get the SediMeter settings using the Setup tab.
Check the clock error and take a note for reference. Enter a new start time for resuming
logging and click Set. Switch back to Logger mode in the Special tab. Disconnect in the
Connection tab. Remove the USB cable and proceed to close the SediMeter.
For further instructions refer to the SediMeter Software Manual.
RS-485 data download
Although not originally intended for downloads, it is possible to download data over the
RS-485 serial communication link. You do need a contact and cable, though, and it is rather
slow (9600 baud).
Note that if the instrument has an UW connector, and an UW cable is available, data
may be downloaded without retrieving the instrument. The diver would instead connect the
cable, change the SediMeter to Slave mode using the magnetic switch, and when the
download was complete disconnect the cable again. Otherwise the procedure is the same as
below.
Connect an RS-485 cable between the LogDator and the computer. Switch to Slave
mode using the NavPin or the magnetic switch. Start the SediMeter software and click
Connect. Download the data using the Download tab. Get the SediMeter settings using the
Setup tab. Check the clock error and take a note for reference. Enter a new start time for
resuming logging and click Set. Switch back to Logger mode in the Special tab. An error

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message appears saying that no reply came; that is because the mode change cut off the
connection. Disconnect in the Connection tab (to free the serial port). Remove the cable and
replace the dummy to protect the connector.
For further instructions refer to the SediMeter Software Manual.
Memory card exchange
Switch to Sleep mode if not already done, using the NavPin or the magnetic switch.
Remove the MMC or SD card by pressing it in until you feel a click that releases it.
Remove it, and put in the new one. Check the display (it may take several seconds for the
card to be mounted).
If the display reads “MMC Card Mounted” all is well and you may proceed (it will say
“MMC” even if it is an SD card, that is perfectly normal and not an error).
On the other hand, if the display says “MMC Card Error XX” where XX is a two digit
hexadecimal number, the card is not mounted. You may want to try again, sometimes it
works after several attempts. If not, try with another card. Refer to the error codes for
further debugging. (Hint: Code 80 means that it cannot communicate at all, i.e., it is a non-
supported card. Code 08 means that it cannot read the partition table, which may be
because the card is not formatted in FAT16, in which case it must be formatted in a
computer. However, code 08 may also appear if the card was not reset properly, so you
may want to remove it, wait a few seconds, and try again, or even press the SediMeter reset
button with the card in place, since that reset also works for the card and the built-in
memory chip.)
If nothing happens after 5 s with an SD card, check that the write protect slide is not
engaged. If it is, the LogDator™ will not detect the card.
Each time a card is successfully inserted the “Store On” menu will change to “Card”.
You can manually override it if you want. Each time Logger mode is selected with memory
card selected for storage, a file is created on the card in the root directory. The file name is
constructed as follows: Two digits for the year, one for the month (with range 0–B), two for
the day, two for the instrument NetAddr (in hexadecimal notation), and a letter from A to Z
for the file index on the same date (A-Z). The files can not be erased in the SediMeter. The
modified date shows the last time data was written to the file. The extension is *.LD2.
If all is well proceed to set a new start time using the NavPin (since some measurement
may have been lost while you changed the card). When done turn off the display and close
the SediMeter.
Retrieving at end of mission
Preparation
Bring fresh water for rinsing, and lint-free towels. Assemble the handle.
Diver procedures
When reaching the SediMeter put away the handle temporarily on the sea floor. You may
want to record the bottom level relative the sensor and take a close-up photo.