Linplug Albino 3 User manual

Concept: Rob Papen and Peter Linsener

Instrument: Peter Linsener and Pavol Markovič

Graphics: Shaun Ellwood (www.decoderdesign.com)

Sounds: Rob Papen (except for Noisia and Reyn Banks)

Manual: Chris Share, Jacky Ligon

Thanks to (in alphabetical order) Dutch Synth Forum, Ivan Willems, Nico

Herz, Patrick Anglard, Patrick Robert, Summa and all beta testers

All technical specifications of the products specified in this manual may be subject to change

without notice. The documents may not be changed, especially copyright notices may not be

removed or changed. Rob Papen is a trademark of Rob Papen Sound Design & Music. Albino

is a trademark of Rob Papen Sound Design & Music and LinPlug Virtual Instruments GmbH.

LinPlug is a trademarks of LinPlug Virtual Instruments GmbH. VST is a registered trademarks

of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. All other trademarks are the property of their

respective owners.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 2

Welcome

Thank you for purchasing the Rob Papen Albino 3.

The Albino 3 is a fully-professional, highly-flexible, easy-to-use, fourth-

generation virtual instrument designed for creating music on your personal

computer.

The Albino 3 is the unique result of a collaboration between Virtual

Instrument designer Peter Linsener and Dutch sound designer Rob Papen.

The Albino 3's key features include high quality presets in a wide range of

styles, an easy-to-use interface, highly flexible oscillators, four types of

stereo filters, an enormous range of processing and modulation options, a

powerful, flexible arpeggiator and a layer system that allows you to

combine up to four layers in one preset.

This manual describes all aspects of the Albino 3 synthesizer and is

designed so that your use of this software is as efficient and as pleasurable

as possible.

We feel that the Albino 3 is exceptional because of its audio quality, its

features and especially because of the presets programmed by Rob

Papen. We hope you get a lot of pleasure using the Albino 3 Synthesizer

and that it becomes an inspirational part of your music-making.

Rob Papen and the LinPlug team, April 2006

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 3

Table of Contents

INSTALLATION................................................................................6

WHAT'S NEW IN ALBINO 3.............................................................7

FEATURES.......................................................................................8

OVERVIEW....................................................................................10

CONTROLS....................................................................................12

LAYERS..........................................................................................13

OSCILLATORS..............................................................................16

DIGITAL OSCILLATOR.............................................................17

ANALOG OSCILLATOR.............................................................19

NOISE OSCILLATOR...............................................................21

AUDIO INPUT........................................................................22

FILTERS.........................................................................................23

SILK FILTER.........................................................................24

CREAM FILTER.....................................................................25

SCREAM FILTER....................................................................26

COMB FILTER.......................................................................27

AMP................................................................................................29

ENVELOPES..................................................................................31

ADSFR ENVELOPE..............................................................31

5 STAGE ENVELOPE..............................................................33

MODULATION................................................................................35

QUAD LFO.........................................................................35

MODULATION MATRIX.............................................................37

THE ARPEGGIATOR................................................................39

Mode...............................................................39

Clk (Clock) .....................................................40

Retrigger ........................................................40

Step Display....................................................40

Length (Len) ..................................................41

Swing (Swi).....................................................41

Step (Stp)........................................................41

Velocity (Vel) ..................................................42

Octave (Oct) ..................................................42

EFFECTS.......................................................................................43

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 4

DELAY................................................................................44

CHORUS AND CHORUS 2........................................................45

PHASER..............................................................................46

FLANGER.............................................................................47

FILTER................................................................................48

REVERB..............................................................................50

STEREO DELAY....................................................................51

GATOR...............................................................................52

WAHWAH...........................................................................54

COMPRESSOR.......................................................................55

LOFI...................................................................................56

MASTER.........................................................................................58

PRECISION...........................................................................58

ECS.................................................................................59

CHORD (MEMORY)................................................................59

GEN...................................................................................60

PRESET BROWSER / FILE CONTROLS........................................60

GLIDE.................................................................................61

SINGLE TRIGGER/VOICES........................................................61

VOLUME CONTROL................................................................62

REAR PANEL.................................................................................63

OPTIMIZING CPU USAGE............................................................65

GLOSSARY....................................................................................66

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION CHART.................................................69

APPENDIX A: DIGITAL OSCILLATOR WAVEFORMS AND

RANGES.........................................................................................71

APPENDIX B: LFO/ARPEGGIATOR SYNC SETTINGS .............71

APPENDIX C: DELAY SYNC SETTINGS......................................71

APPENDIX D: MODULATION SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS....

MODULATION SOURCES..........................................................72

MODULATION DESTINATIONS....................................................74

APPENDIX E: USING TUN FILES.................................................77

CREATING TUN MICROTUNING FILES WITH SCALA.....................77

SPECIFYING THE REFERENCE FREQUENCY OF AMICROTUNING........78

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 5

Installation

Installation on PC

The Albino 3 comes with its own Installer. After downloading the Albino 3

you will find a file named "AlbinoInstaller3xx.exe" located in your download

folder. Start this program to begin the installation process. The Installer will

guide you through the installation process.

Make sure you choose the right directory, so your host software finds the

Albino3. Refer to your host software's manual if you are unsure about

where the host software plug-in directory is located.

The instrument file "Albino3.DLL" and the Albino 3 manual and presets will

be placed in the chosen directory. The next time you start your host

software the Albino 3 will be listed in the RTAS or VST Instrument list.

Installation on Mac

The Albino 3 comes with its own Installer. After downloading the Albino 3

you will find a file named "AlbinoInstaller3xx.dmg" located in your download

folder. Double-click this file to decompress and open the image, then

double-click the installer program to begin the installation process.

You will be guided through the installation process. The instrument file

"Albino3" and the Albino 3 presets will now be placed in the right directory

for virtual instruments on your Mac. The next time you start your host

software the Albino 3 will be listed in the AU / RTAS / VST Instrument list.

Common to Mac and PC

After you've installed and opened the full version of the Albino 3, go to the

instrument's rear panel. The S/N edit box should read "Enter here". Enter

the serial number you have received into the S/N edit box. If the serial

number has not been entered or it has been entered incorrectly, the full

version of the Albino 3 will not play any notes. To switch back to the main

edit screen click the Albino 3 logo on the rear panel.

Now send the Albino 3 a few note-on messages. After the Albino 3

receives the first few note-on messages it automatically becomes

registered.

If you have any questions regarding the installation of Albino 3 please

contact our support team at www.linplug.com/support/support.htm.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 6

What's New in Albino 3

In comparison with its predecessor the Albino 2, the Albino 3 contains a

host of new features intended to make your music-making more efficient

and enjoyable. These new features are listed below:

Each preset can now be made up of 4 individual layers.

Each layer features controls for Visibility, On/Off, Activity, Location,

Name, Browse Previous, Browse Next, Load, Save, Volume, Pan, Note

Offset (Transpose), Filter Control Source (Pitchwheel, Modwheel and

Aftertouch), Key Range and Velocity Range.

Wah wah effect.

Compressor effect.

LoFi effect.

Enhanced reverb effect including controls for diffusion, modulation,

modulation speed and a sync menu for predelay.

The cutoff-modulation-speed of the filter in the Effects section can be

synced to song tempo.

Oscillator 1 can be used as an audio input so that external audio can

be processed.

Each Oscillator now has its own Spread control.

Each Oscillator now has a Free-run mode.

Each ADSFR Envelope now has 4 additional slope/curve settings.

Both envelope types now have a Sync control which switches between

Time and Sync modes.

Filter Saturation now has 4 different modes.

2 new types of filter: Scream and Comb.

Oscillator 2 can be used to modulate Filter1FM

Oscillator 4 can be used to modulate Filter2FM

The Bend Range control now has separate controls for Up/Down.

The Analog Oscillator now has a control for the sub-oscillator intensity.

The Modulation Matrix now has 16 slots.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 7

Features

The Albino 3 contains a range of features designed to make your music-

making more efficient and enjoyable. These features are described below:

Sound Presets consist of 4 separate Layers for rich, complex sound

synthesis.

4 oscillators per Layer, 4 types. Oscillator modules include Analog-

type, Digital-type, Noise-type and Audio Input-type. FM modulation and

AM modulation. Oscillator Sync in Analog Oscillator 2 and 4. Various

filter routing options.

Stereo Filters, 4 types. Filter modules include Silk-type, Cream-type,

Scream-type and Comb-type. 3 multimode filters (Silk, Cream and

Scream), each with a different basic design thus producing different

sounding filters. Filters are stereo with panning and panning

modulation options.

Saturation knob precedes each filter to add overdrive to the sound

before it enters the filter. Four types of Saturation are available.

8 envelopes, 2 types. ADSFR type and 5-stage envelope type with loop

function. Each envelope stage has separate slope/curve settings. Each

oscillator has its own volume envelope.

4 LFOs with various waveforms and midi-syncable. LFO Waves have

adjustable start-phase and waveform-symmetry. LFOs can also be set

to mono mode.

Modulation Matrix which includes 16 routings with 26 sources and 47

destinations. Separate control section for Velocity to: AMP, Filter 1 and

Filter 2.

Arpeggiator with 32 step rhythm sequencer, step length, clock settings,

various modes including modulation and chord, switchable keyboard

retrigger, swing, velocity mix, save/load functionality

Spread function for each Oscillator for ultra fat detuned sounds

Chord memory mode (saved with the preset)

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 8

4 effects units per layer each containing 12 stereo effects including two

Choruses, two Delays, Filter, Phaser, Reverb, Flanger, Gator, Wah

Wah, Compressor and LoFi.

Mono/Polyphonic Portamento/Glide featuring Fingered mode,

switchable constant Time/constant Rate and Auto-Bend Modes.

Sound programs are stored directly on hard disk so providing a virtually

unlimited number of storage locations. Sounds are sorted into style-

maps for easy search. Integrated Sound Browser, MIDI program

change supported.

Adjustable Precision setting for recreating the warmth of true analog

synthesizers.

Gen (randomize) function for experimentation and fun!

Microtonal support (Scala file import) for different scales (Indian,

Arabic, etc.)

Adjustable keyboard velocity response curve.

32-voice polyphony.

Adjustable voice limit (mono, 1...12, oo).

MIDI activity display (also triggers a C3 when clicked)

Several parameters are located on the "rear panel" so they are not

changed accidentally during use.

Controller hardware (faderbox or synth) settings can be saved and

restored.

Dial operation is switchable between circular and linear modes.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 9

Overview

The Albino 3 is a 32 note-polyphonic virtual subtractive-style synthesizer

with some extraordinary features. The synthesizer has a layered modular

design that includes various oscillator modules, filter modules, envelope

modules and effects modules.

The block diagram below shows the signal flow within the Albino 3

synthesizer:

An Albino 3 Preset is made up of one to four individual Layers. Each Layer

is divided into 7 sections: Oscillator, Filter, Effects, Envelope, Modulation

Matrix/LFO, Arpeggiator and Master.

Audio signals are generated by an oscillator that gets pitch information

from the synthesizer's MIDI input. The MIDI input is automatically

connected to MIDI output of the host software. Albino receives MIDI on all

Channels simultaneously.

The Albino 3 has four oscillators per Layer. Each oscillator has its own

amplitude envelope. Each oscillator's pitch can be controlled using the

Modulation Matrix, with all four oscillators being controlled by a single

modulation envelope.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 10

The output of any or all of the oscillators can be routed to either Filter 1,

Filter 2 or both in series or parallel as shown above. The filter modifies the

frequency spectrum of the oscillator's output. Both filters are stereo and

completely independent, and each has an envelope for controlling its cutoff

parameter.

Oscillators one and three have a further routing option. Their output can be

used to modulate the frequency and amplitude of oscillators two and four

respectively. This option increases the richness of the spectrum of the

modulated oscillators, producing very interesting, harmonically-rich results.

Oscillators two and four can also be used to modulate the cutoff frequency

of Filter 1 and Filter 2 respectively.

The output of the Filter section is then sent to the Effects section which

contains four independent stereo effects modules, each of which contains

two Choruses, two Delays, a Filter, a Phaser, a Reverb, a Flanger, a Gator,

a Wah Wah, a Compressor and LoFi effect. Each effects processor is

described in detail later in this manual. The output of the four separate

effects modules can be sent to either the next module or the main output.

The output of each filter can be sent to each effects module or to the first

and third effects module.

The audio outputs of the Albino 3 are automatically connected to the input

of your host software's mixer. Here you can set the pan position of the

Albino's output.

At various points throughout the signal path you can modulate the signal

using either envelopes, LFOs, the Arpeggiator or MIDI Controllers. The

Albino 3 contains 8 independent envelopes. The first 4 control each

oscillator's amplitude. Envelopes 6 and 7 can be used to control Filter 1

and Filter 2, while Envelope 8 controls the overall audio amplitude.

Envelope 5 is a general purpose envelope designed for use with the

Modulation Matrix and so can control any available modulation destination.

The Albino 3 also contains 4 independent LFOs. Each LFO has its own

envelope controls as well as syncing and waveshaping options. LFOs can

be routed to any available modulation destination.

Hopefully, this chapter has given you a brief overview of how the Albino 3

works. More detailed information can be found in the following chapters.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 11

Controls

Users have the option of controlling all Albino 3 dials in either a circular or a

linear manner depending on the Dial Mode setting on the Albino 3's rear

panel (see the "Main" section of this manual for more information about the

Albino's rear panel).

Holding down the ALT key while clicking on a control changes the selected

control's value a minimum step upwards (when clicking in the upper half of

the control) or a minimum step downwards (when clicking in the lower half

of the control).

Holding down the CTRL key while clicking on a control sets the control to

its default value (e.g. for Volume controls it sets the control's value to -6

dB).

Holding down the SHIFT key while changing a control's value enables finer

control values to be set.

Double clicking once in a Modulation Matrix slot sets the value of the slot to

0.00. Double clicking in the same slot a second time resets the slot to its

previous value.

All Controls can be controlled using external MIDI messages. To do this

you need to use the Albino 3's ECS which is described in detail later in this

manual.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 12

Layers

Each Albino 3 Preset is made up of four separate Layers which are

combined to produce the instrument's final output. By default, the Layer

section is hidden from view. To show the Layer section, click on the Layer

icon at the bottom of the Front Panel. The Layer section will then appear.

It is possible to load Albino 1 and 2 Presets into an Albino 3 Layer. In this

case, the Presets are loaded as single Layers and the name of the Layer is

taken from the name of the Preset. The Location control displays the

directory in which the Preset is located.

In the case of Albino 3 Presets, individual Layers are named “Layer 1,”

“Layer 2,” “Layer 3” and “Layer 4”. Albino 1, 2 and 3 Presets can be

combined. For example, a 2-Layer Albino 3 Preset can be combined with

an Albino 2 Preset simply by loading the Albino 2 Preset into one of the

Albino 3 Preset's unused Layers. Note that an Albino 3 Preset can only be

loaded using the Master module's File controls and that when such a

Preset is loaded all unused Layers are initialised to their default settings.

This means that if you want to combine Albino 1 or Albino 2 Presets with

Albino 3 Presets it's better to load the Albino 3 Preset first and then load

the others into empty Layers using the controls in the Layer section.

Each layer contains controls for Layer Visibility, Layer On/Off, Layer

Activity, Location, Layer Name, Browse Previous, Browse Next, Load,

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 13

Save, Volume, Pan, Note Offset (Transpose), Filter Control Source

(Pitchwheel, Modwheel, Aftertouch and Sustain Pedal), Key Range and

Velocity Range. These controls are described below.

The Albino 3's Front Panel displays one Layer at a time. The Layer

Visibility control is used to set the Layer that is displayed. The Layer

Visibility control is located at the far left of the Layer section and resembles

an “eye.” To change Layers, click on the Layer Visibility control of the Layer

that you wish to see.

Each Layer can be switched on or off using the Layer On/Off control which

is located to the right of the Layer Visibility control. When the control is

illuminated the respective Layer is switched on. To turn a Layer on or off,

click on the Layer On/Off control.

The Layer Activity control is located to the right of the Layer On/Off control.

This control has two functions. Firstly, it shows when a Layer receives MIDI

data. Secondly, clicking on the the Layer Activity control triggers the

respective Layer.

The Location control displays the name of the current Layer's directory.

Whenever a Layer is loaded using the Layer Load and Browse controls

(see below), the Location is updated. Clicking on the Location control

opens a popup menu that displays all Locations that are accessible from

the current Location.

The Layer Name displays the name of the current Layer. Whenever a

Layer is loaded using the Layer Load and Browse controls (see below), the

Layer name is updated with the name of the current Layer. Clicking on the

Layer Name opens a popup menu that displays all Layers in the current

Location.

As mentioned above, Albino 1 and Albino 2 Presets as well as Albino 3

Layers can be loaded into the Albino 3 using the File controls found in the

Layer section. Four controls are available: Browse Previous, Browse Next,

Load and Save. The Load button opens a dialog that lets you select a

Preset/Layer for loading. The Previous and Next buttons allow you to

traverse a list of Albino 1 Presets, Albino 2 Presets and Albino 3 Layers.

The Save button allows you to save the current Layer which can then be

loaded as a Layer into other Presets.

The settings of all controls in the Layer, as well as the Precision, ECS,

Chord and Voices settings, are saved with the Layer. The Albino loads and

saves all of its presets directly to hard disk so your computer's RAM does

not limit the number of available presets.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 14

Note that Layers can also be loaded using the File controls in the Master

section. In this case, Layers are loaded as Albino 3 Presets so that all

Layers will be initialised to their default settings. If you are designing

sounds with multiple Layers it is recommended that the Layers are loaded

using the File controls in the Layer section as this will prevent initialisation

of Layers.

The Browse Previous, Browse Next, Load and Save controls are used to

load individual Layers into the Albino 3. The Browse Previous and Browse

Next controls select the previous or next Layer/Preset in the current

location. Whenever a Layer/Preset is loaded using the Browse Previous or

Browse Next controls, the Layer name is updated with the name of the

loaded Layer/Preset. Note that this only applies to Albino 2 Presets and

Layers that have been saved individually. The Load button opens a dialog

that lets you select a Layer/Preset for loading. The Save button allows you

to save the current Layer/Preset settings.

The "Volume" control sets the volume of each Layer within the Preset.

Volume can be set in a range from -oodB to +6dB.

The "Pan" control sets the position within the stereo field of each Layer

within the Preset. Pan can be set in a range from -1.00 To 1.00.

The Note Offset or “Transpose” control enables a Layer to be transposed

by within a -24 to +24 semitone range.

The Filter Control Source consists of four controls, each of which

determines the MIDI control source for the Layer. The four available

options are Pitchwheel, Modwheel, Aftertouch and Sustain Pedal. To select

a Filter Control Source click on the respective control. These controls are

useful, if for example, you have a multi-Layer Preset that is split across the

keyboard and you want a MIDI controller to control only one Layer within

the Preset. For example, if you have a lead/bass Preset and want only the

lead Layer to respond to the Pitchwheel, then you can achieve this by

setting the lead Layer's Pitchwheel control to On. In this case, the bass

Layer will not be affected by the Pitchwheel.

Each Layer can have its own Key Range and Velocity Range. The Key

Range setting determines the range of notes that trigger the Layer. This

can be set anywhere in the range 0 to 127. The Velocity Range setting

determines the range of MIDI note-on velocity values that trigger the Layer.

The Velocity Range can be set anywhere in the range 1 to 127.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 15

Oscillators

The Albino 3 contains 4 oscillators grouped into 2 pairs ("Osc 1/Osc 2",

"Osc 3/Osc 4"). Each oscillator pair is identical to the other except that

Oscillator 1 contains an additional Oscillator type—Audio Input. To change

oscillator pairs click on the buttons to the left of the Oscillator section.

Each Oscillator can be switched on or off using the Power button beside its

name or using the additional Power button next to the Oscillator Selector.

The status of each Oscillator is shown by the state of the button.

The Albino 3 contains four types of Oscillator module: "Analog", "Digital",

"Noise" and “Audio Input”. Don't be confused by the use of the terms

"digital" and "analog" here; all of the Albino 3's oscillators are digital

(obviously!). In this case, we've used the term "digital" to describe

oscillators that use additive waveforms, while "analog" oscillators use

waveforms that are created in real-time much as in true analog

synthesizers.

As mentioned above, the Albino 3 contains several types of oscillator

module. To change the oscillator type click on the menu to the right of the

“Osc” label. When you change oscillator type, the Albino's display changes

accordingly.

Each oscillator's controls differ. These controls are described in detail

below.

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 16

Digital Oscillator

The Albino 3's "Digital" oscillator outputs a waveform that is a combination

of two basic waveforms. These waveforms are constructed from harmonic

sine waves using a unique additive process which ensures a smooth, high

quality output signal.

The type of waveform is set by clicking on the Wave item on either side of

the Waveform Display. This opens a menu that allows you to select from

the available waveforms. See Appendix A for a complete list of all Digital

oscillator waveforms. The combined output waveform is shown in the

Waveform Display. The waveform's pitch range is set in a similar manner

using the Range item.

Below the Waveform Display is a slider that allows you to interpolate

between the two waveforms. When the slider is at its leftmost setting, the

waveform consists of purely the leftmost waveform. Similarly, if the slider is

moved all the way to the right the waveform consists of purely the rightmost

waveform. When in an intermediate position, the waveform consists of a

mixture of the two waveforms. It's probably easier to see this rather than

explain it, so try it for yourself. Set one wave to Sine and the other to a

different wave such as Sawtooth. As you move the slider from one end to

the other you can see the wave "morph" from one waveshape to the other.

The Waveform display shows a number of cycles corresponding to the

lowest waveform range setting.

The Digital oscillator has a range of controls for oscillator's pitch. These

are: Track, Free-Run, Cent, Semi and Oct. The Track button determines

whether the oscillator tracks the pitch of incoming MIDI messages. The

Free-run button determines the manner in which the oscillator is re-

triggered. When the Free-run button is Off, the phase of each note is reset

at each onset. When the Free-run button is On, the phase of each note

continues on from the phase of the previous note. The Cent control sets

the oscillator pitch in cents (a semitone is equal to 100 cents). A range of

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 17

-100 to +100 cents is available. The Semi control sets the oscillator pitch in

semitones. A range of -11 to +11 semitones is available. The Oct control

sets the oscillator pitch in octaves. A range of -2 to +7 octaves is available.

The Oscillator also has a range of output destinations. The output of

Oscillators 1/3 can be sent to F1, F2, F1+2, FM,and AM. The output of

Oscillators 2/4 can be sent to F1, F2, F1+2 and F1FM/F2FM. F1 selects

Filter 1, F2 selects Filter 2, while F1+2 selects both filters. In the latter case

you can use the Bal dial to control how much of the signal each filter

receives (see below).

In the case of Oscillator 1 and 3, two further routing options are available,

bothofwhichcanbeused tocreate complex, harmonically-rich

waveforms. FM allows you to modulate the frequency of oscillators 2 and 4

using oscillators 1 and 3. This type of modulation, known as Frequency

Modulation, is great for producing metallic, bell-like tones. AM allows you

to modulate the amplitude of oscillators 2 and 4 using oscillators 1 and 3.

This type of modulation, known as Amplitude Modulation can also be used

to produce rich and complex waveforms.

In the case of Oscillator 2 and 4, a routing option is also available for

F1FM/F2FM. When this option is selected the oscillator output is used to

modulate the cutoff frequency of Filter 1 and Filter 2 respectively. Note that

this option is only available for the Cream filter.

The Digital oscillator also has controls for Vol, Bal and Spread. The Vol dial

is used to set the output volume of the oscillator while the Bal dial

determines the proportion of the signal that is sent to Filter 1 and Filter 2.

Turning the Bal dial all the way to the right sends all of the oscillator's

output to Filter 2, while turning it all the way to the left sends all of the

output to Filter 1.

It's quite common for synths to offer a Unison mode in which several or all

of the oscillators are simultaneously detuned to create extremely fat, rich

sounds. However, on most synths this mode has a major drawback: the

synth becomes monophonic. A special feature of the Albino 3 is that it

allows polyphonic unison. That is, the detuning of Oscillators without the

loss of polyphony. The Spread dial is used to set the Albino 3's level of

polyphonic unison. When moved from the leftmost position the dial

gradually detunes voices to produce a thick and fat sound. This does not

affect polyphony (however it does use significantly more CPU resources of

course).

Rob Papen Albino 3.0 18

Analog Oscillator

The Analog oscillator module creates its waveforms in real-time and

emulates the sound of an analog synthesizer's oscillator. It contains three

controls: Waveform, Symmetry and Sub Osc.

The Waveform dial sets the oscillator's waveform shape. When turned all

the way to the right it outputs a pulse wave. When turned all the way to the

left it outputs a sawtooth wave. In intermediate positions it outputs a

waveform that is a combination of the two.

The Symmetry dial effects the waveform's shape, expanding and

contracting it, as in the case of pulse width modulation. In this case

however, the waveform reshaping can be applied to any available

waveform.

The Sub Osc control sets the level of a sub-oscillator one octave lower

than the oscillator's fundamental pitch. This can be used to add extreme

low-end to Presets. The waveform of the sub-oscillator is always a Square

wave.

The Analog oscillator has a range of controls for oscillator's pitch. These