Massa M3 User manual

Product Manual - April 24, 2012 M3 Wireless Ultrasonic Level Sensor
Massa Model M3 Wireless
Tank Level Sensor and Digi Gateway
User’s Guide
.

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Product Manual- April 24, 2012 1 M3 Wireless Ultrasonic Level Sensor
Table of Contents
Section Page
1.0 Overview and General Operation 1
2.0 Gateway Basic Settings 2
3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor 5
-Configuring Sensor 5
-Normal Operation 11
-Diagnostic Mode – Waveforms 12
-Firmware Update 13
-M3 Application Software enable (X4 Gateway only) 13
-Sensor XBee Firmware Update 14
4.0 Application Setup Example 15
Appendix A Miscellaneous Information 18
-Battery Life and Suggested Replacement Voltage
-Diagnostic Mode – Sensor Waveforms
-LED Behavior
-Rebooting Sensor Manually
-Firmware Releases
Appendix B dia.yml format 21
Appendix C Digi Gateway & Massa M3 Sensor Placement Strategies 22
Appendix D Fresnel Zone 24
Appendix E Outgoing Auto-Message Message Format 25
Appendix F M3 Application Software – Understanding an Ultrasonic Waveform 26
Appendix G Firmware Conversion Procedure and 27
Checklist for Reliable Sensor and Gateway Operation
Appendix H Troubleshooting Guide 28
North America
The M3 Sensor complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (i.) this
device may not cause harmful interference and (ii.) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation. Contains FCC ID: MCQ-XBEEPRO2, IC: 1846A-XBEEPRO2
Europe
The M3/150CE and M3/95CE Sensors comply with European Council EMC Directive 2004/108/EC (EMC) and Low
Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC (LVD).
Manufactured under ISO 9001:2008 registered standards
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Massa Products Corporation provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular purpose. Massa Products Corporation may make
improvements and/or changes in this manual at any time. This product could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes may be incorporated in new editions of the publication.

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Product Manual- April 24, 2012 2 M3 Wireless Ultrasonic Level Sensor
1.0 Overview and General Operation
The Massa Model M-3 Wireless Ultrasonic Sensor communicates its tank level information through a Digi International
ConnectPort Gateway. This gateway requires set up that is described in this manual. Sensors from the factory are
programmed to stay awake and not set up for automated messages. There are several operating modes using the Massa
Python code to control the gateway basic functions. This includes setting sensor settings for the application (range/status
acquisition rate, sleep period, etc), normal monitoring mode (listen only to sensor’s automated messages, diagnostic mode,
and firmware programming.
The gateway typically is set up operate with up to 12 available RF channels(SC=0x1ffe). When the sensor power’s up, it
will first search for the gateway’s operating channel and attempt will join it if the PAN ID matches and if security key
matches (if enabled). Once a sensor is associated with a gateway, it will remain associated even during its sleep period,
as long as the gateway’s poll timeout does not expire (poll timeoutisreset when sensorwakes up). If thepolltimeoutdoes
expire or gateway power cycle causes a selection of a new RF channel, then the sensor will rejoin upon the next wakeup
cycle (ver 29 or greater).
2.0 Gateway Basic Settings
The Digi International Gateway, models X2 or X4, needs to be set up to be used with the M3 Sensor. This includes
configuring for an Ethernet or WiFi connection, configuring gateway’s XBee settings, loading python programs, and
configuring server connection to receive the data. Most of the information can be found on Digi’s web site (digi.com) on
how to set up the gateway’s Ethernet connection and server connection. The settings listed in this document are
recommended for most applications.
Basic Configuration Checklist
□Network Settings
□Time source
□XBee SP SN settings
□XBee PAN ID
□Server Connection(not necessary for initial evaluation)
2.1 Network Settings
Gaining access to the gateway requires an Ethernet connection and the use of Digi’s Device Discovery application
software. The gateway’s Ethernet IP Settings are configured from the factory to obtain an IP address automatically using
DHCP. Contact your network administrator if you need support for this. Initially,you may plug the gateway directly into
your PC Ethernet port with your PC’s Local Area Connection TCP/IP set to obtain an IP address automatically. Run the
Device Discovery to find the gateway (see below). Double click the IP address found to get to the Digi Web UI (see lower
figure).

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2.0 Gateway Basic Settings
2.2 Time Source
Initially you may set up the Time Source by manually entering the
time which will be retained up to 10 days when powered off (model
X4 gateways only). Go to the System Configuration – Date and Time
Settings Web UI and initially, set the time manually. Next, in the
Time Source Settings UI, you may select a time source such as
my.idigi.com or other reliable time sources.
2.3 Gateway’s XBee Settings
The settings listed below are ones that should be adjusted from the factory default settings. The Web UI for these settings
can be found at XBee Network, and then clicking on the gateway’snetwork or extended address. Select Advanced Settings
to program these registers below.
□Extended PAN ID (ID): xxx
Gateway XBee PAN ID = 0 will assign a random value
and sensors must have PAN ID=0 to associate. If multiple
gateways are placed in the vicinity of each other, then the
user should assign unique non-zero identical PAN IDs for
each application. See section 3.1.14 for more information.
□Scan Channels Scan Channels (SC): 0x1ffe
The SC register from a factory shipped gateway is 0x3fff
or 0x7fff. Sensors are programmed are defaulted to
0x1ffe. It is recommended that the gateway be set to
0x1ffe.
□Peripheral sleep count (SN): see below
□Cyclic sleep period (SP): 1000 (recommended)
The SN and SP registers control the poll timeout for the
gateway which holds the sensor in its child table. The
formula is:
Poll Timeout = 0.03 x SN x SP (sec)
For example, to retain the sensor for 24 hours (86,400
seconds) with a SP recommended setting of 1000: SN =
86,400 ÷ 30 seconds =2880. Every time the sensor wakes
up from sleep and commissions to the gateway, it will reset
its own poll timeout timer. A gateway will drop a sensor if
it does not get a response from the sensor for the entire poll timeout period (for example a truckhas blockedthe
RF signal). User may want to program this Poll Timeout setting to at least 4 times the sensor’s sleep timer
setting (see Section 3.1.5). Other applications where there can be more than 10 sensors on a gateway (limit 10),
the Poll Timeout can be set to intentionally drop sensors so others can join. Recommended setting for such an
application is 1 minute. Note that sensors will be required to rejoin each time awake cycle, which will slightly
use more battery power in this type of application.
Click the Apply button to accept all the settings.

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2.0 Gateway Basic Settings
2.3 Gateway’s XBee Settings (continued from previous page)
2.4 Gateway’s Python Files
The files indicated here are required to set up and operate the M3
Sensors. They can be obtained from www.massa.com. The dia.yml
file will need to be edited to configure the M3 Sensorsto operatewith
your gateway. See Section 3.0 for more information.
The operating files require include:
a) python.zip
b) zigbee.py
c) dia.py
d) dia.zip
e) dia.yml (This is used to control the operating mode when
gateway boots. See section 3.1 for more information)
To have the gateway start executing the DIA(device
integration application) when it powers up or
reboots, check the Enable box in the Auto-start
Settings UI. See section 3 for creating additional
auto-start command lines as an option.
Here is the setting for sending the M3 automated
message to the iDigi Cloud server. Contact Digi
International for support.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
There are several operating modes for the gateway using the Massa python driver. The primary function is listening for
automated messages from M3 Sensors and sending its data to a cloud or local server. Secondary functions include
programming sensor registers, programming XBee registers, obtaining sensor diagnostic data,communicatingwith the M3
Software application, reprogramming sensor firmware, and reprogramming the XBee radio.
Sensors from the factory have their PAN IDs set to zero which allows themto associate to any gateway when permissible
(gateway won’t permit a sensor to attach if the gateway has reached its child table limit, for example). They are also
programmed to stay awake when they find a gateway (indicated by Sensor LED blinking every 2 seconds). Note, if
gateway is not powered or sensor is not able to attach to a gateway, then the sensor will search for gateway every 60
seconds and thus blink in this manner (when sensors that are not programmed for sleep).
3.1 Configuring Sensor Settings & Other Controls
The controls for the gateway operating mode are found in the dia.yml file which is processed by the Massa Python driver
(m3_driver.py). This dia.yml can be set up to program sensor’s registers, program Xbee’s registers, obtain diagnostic
information, program the sensor’s application firmware, and program the XBee radio. After the dia.yml is processed when
the gateway starts, it returns to a listening mode waiting for automated M3 messages from the sensors. The dia.yml also
includes drivers to send this data to cloud or local servers (see Section 3.5). See the following pages for the definition of
each setting. Shown below is an excerpt for the settings from a dia.yml1file (with default settings):
- name: M3-150-3b4e or M3-150-Tank1 # Sensor name by user2
driver: devices.vendors.massa.m3_driver:M3Driver # Massa M3 Sensor python driver
settings:
# Main dia related
extended_address: '00:13:a2:00:40:48:3b:4e!' # MAC Address of the M3 Sensor (must be lower case and followed by !)
xbee_device_manager: 'xbee_device_manager' # operating manager (required)
# Sensor settings3
sleep_interval_sec: 0 # Deep Sleep Interval (seconds), limits: 0, 12 – 88474 seconds
awake_time_sec: 31 # Awake Time (seconds), limits: 12 – 600 seconds, 20 sec min for most appl.
data_collection_interval_sec: 0 # Data Collection Interval (seconds), limits: 0, 10 – 16777215 seconds
outgoing_message_mode: 0 # Outgoing message mode, limits: 0-6
auto_message_length: 8 # Outgoing message length, limits: 1-8 (main sensor version 27 or greater)
sensitivity: ‘normal‘ # Sensor Sensitivity ('normal', 'high', 'very high', 'low', 'very low', 'custom4')
user_comment: ' ' # ASCII up to 32 characters (between quotes)
comm_fail_boot: 0 # Reboot sensor on failed Zigbee Ack / Unassoc. limits: 0, 4 – 254 awake periods
# XBee settings5
pan_id: 0x0000000000000000 # PAN (Personal Area Network) ID limits: 0 - 0x000000007fffffff
xbee_security: 'disable' # Security encryption enable (EE). To activate enter 'enable'
xbee_security_key: 0x0000000000000000 # Security encryption key (KY), limits: 0 - 0xffffffffffffffff
poll_rate: 0 # Poll rate register (PO), set to 0
node_discovery: 1 # Node discover register (NO), set to 1
pan_conflict_threshold: 3 # PAN conflict threshold register (CR), set to 3, limits 1 - 0x3f
device_options: 0 # Device options register (DO), limits 0 or 4, response 0=first, 4=best, ver 29A7 or greater
# Routine control6
clear_data_history: 'false' # Select 'true' to clear sensors historical data
obtain_diagnostic_data: 'false' # Obtains waveforms and other data upon gateway boot. To enable select 'true'
program_m3_firmware_file: ' ' # Update sensor firmware, file named here located in Python manage files.
keep_xbee_awake: 'false' # ‘true’ to keep sensor awake 5 minutes, ‘false’ to disable this function
clear_errors: 'false' # ‘true’ to clear sensors errors
reboot_sensor: 'false' # ‘true’ to reboot sensor. Required after XBee firmware is updated
log_status: 'false' # ‘true’ to output a 'status_log.txt' file that records autosend messages
log_dia: 'false' # ‘true’ to output a 'dia_log.txt' file that reports sensor settings and driver version
Notes:
1 This example contains just part of the dia.yml file. See Appendix B for additional settings. The '#' character and all that follows on a line are comments and are not processed. Quote
marks can be single or double as long as they match.
2 Suggested naming convention is to specify sensor model number followed by sensor MAC address and/or tank serial number.
3 Sensor registers listed in the dia.yml will cause writes to sensor registers only if they are different. Sensor registers are read when gateway boots(and aftersensorwakes up). Registers left
out of dia.yml will not be written.
4 Custom Sensitivity will require custom settings registers to be set, see Section 3.1.11 for these registers (not shown in this excerpt).
5 XBee registers listed in the dia.yml will write to Xbee registers. Registers left out of dia.yml will not be written.
6 dia controls listed in the dia.yml will execute specific functions when set to do so.
If a dia controls are left out or preceded with the '#' symbol, then the specific function will not be executed.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.1 Dia.yml Settings Description - name
The setting “name” in the dia.yml file is used to identify the sensor to the device server. A naming suggestion to best
help identify a sensor in multiple tanks is to use the sensor model number followed by the sensor’s MAC address or
tank number or serial number as indicted. Limit: 32 characters, no quotes.
name: M3-150-7A563B40 or M3-150-7A563B40-Tank1 (these are examples)
3.1.2 Dia.yml Settings Description - driver
This is the python driver for the Massa M3 sensor “m3_driver” located in the dia.zip file.
driver: devices.vendors.massa.m3_driver:M3Driver
3.1.3 Dia.yml Settings Description – Xbee extended address
The setting “extended_address” in the dia.yml file identifies the sensor for the driver. Enter the entire MAC address as
seen on the label on the sensor or as found in the discovery process. Use lower case for the alpha characters and end
with an exclamation point and enclose with quotes. Add additional sensors by separating them by commas.
extended_address: '00:13:a2:00:40:48:3b:4e!'
3.1.4 Dia.yml Settings Description – Xbee device manager
The setting “xbee_device_manager” found in the dia.yml file is used to specify the Xbee manager. Quotes required.
xbee_device_manager: 'xbee_device_manager'
3.1.5 Dia.yml Settings Description – Sleep Interval
The setting “sleep_interval_sec” in the dia.yml file controls the XBee radio sleep period. For Modes 1-3 the sensor will
wake up radio to send status information and is independent of the rate to which data is acquired (see
data_collection_interval_sec setting). For Modes 5 and 6, the sensor will obtain new range and status information, then
wake up the radio and send it to the gateway. The recommendedsleep interval settings are 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 hours. See
appendix for battery life estimates with different Sleep Interval settings. No radio communications can occur while
sensor is sleeping (red LED off). Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting
value will not access this sensor setting. Limits: 0, 12 – 88474 seconds.
sleep_interval_sec: 0(seconds)
NOTE: If this sleep setting is programmed to a non-zero value, program the outgoing_message_mode to non-zero as well.
3.1.6 Dia.yml Settings Description – Awake Time
The setting “awake_time_sec” in the dia.yml file controls the XBee radio ON time after the sleep timer has expired.
Communications occurs during this period and will be indicated by the red LED blinking every 2 seconds.
Recommended setting is 25 seconds. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed
setting value will not access this sensor setting. Limits: 12 – 600 seconds.
awake_time_sec: 0(seconds)
3.1.7 Dia.yml Settings Description – Data Collection Interval
The setting “data_collection_interval_sec” in the dia.yml file controls the rate at which an ultrasonic range
measurement and other status information are collected. This setting is ignored when the Outgoing Message Mode
register is set to 5 or 6 which uses the Sleep Interval to obtain range and status. For more information, see Section
3.1.8. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this
sensor setting. Limits: 0, 10 – 16777215 seconds.
data_collection_interval_sec: 0(seconds)

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.8 Dia.yml Settings Description – Outgoing Status Message Mode
The setting “outgoing_message_mode” in the dia.yml file sets the type of automated outgoing status message format
when the sensor wakes up from sleep. See Appendix E for the format of the outgoing message and section 4.0 for an
applications example. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will
not access this sensor setting. Limits: 0 – 6 (Limits 0 – 4 for sensor main versions to 25)
outgoing_message_mode: 0
3.1.9 Dia.yml Settings Description – # of Records in Outgoing Status Message
The setting “auto_message_length” in the dia.yml file controls the number of Event Blocks (records) within the
automated outgoing message when sensor wakes up from sleep. See Appendix E for the format of the outgoing
message. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this
sensor setting. Limits: 1 – 8.
auto_message_length: 8
3.1.10 Dia.yml Settings Description – Ultrasonic Signal Sensitivity Setting
The setting “sensitivity” in the dia.yml file controls the thresholds levels and timing for capturing the reflected signal.
Most applications should have this set to ‘Normal’. When considering settings other than Normal, set the dia.yml to
obtain waveforms for a target placed at the furthest distance, like an empty tank. Review the waveform as seen in
Appendix F to determine if this setting requires a setting other than Normal. Poor reflections should go in the direction
of a Very High setting while very strong signals and applications with short sensing ranges can consider settings in the
Very Low direction. Customized settings is an option on more difficult applications, consult Massa Products for
support. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this
sensor setting. Select 'normal', 'high', 'very high', 'low', 'very low' or 'custom'. Enclose with quotes.
sensitivity: 'normal'
outgoing_message_mode mode name Outgoing Status Message Mode Description
0 Manual Sensor will only send messages upon request during the Awake period
1 Auto Send 1 Sensor will send a single Command 1 message containing up to 8 blocks of Event Records will wait for the entire programmed Awake Time for any normal protocol requests. There is no demand
for any acknowledgement and no retry will be sent.
2 Auto Send 2
Sensor will send a single Command 1 message containing up to 8 blocks of recorded Event
Records will wait for ½ the programmed Awake period then sensor will send a second copy.
Awake period will continue in its entirety for any normal protocol requests. There is no demand
for any acknowledgement and no retry will be sent.
3 Auto Send 3
Sensor will send a single Command 1 message containing up to 8 blocks of recorded Event
Records will wait for ½ the programmed Awake period for a protocol acknowledgement
(Command 200). If acknowledge message isnot received within ½ of Awake period, then a second
copy will be sent. Awake period will continue in its entirety for any normal protocol requests.
4 Auto Send 4 Sensor will send a single Acknowledge message indicating that it is awake. Coordinator now can
send messages during the Awake period.
5 Auto Send 5
Sensor will first acquire range and other statusinformationfollowedby sendinga singleCommand
1 message containing up to 8 blocks of recorded Event Records. The Awake period will continue
in its entirety for any normal protocol requests. There is no demand for any acknowledgement and
no retry will be sent. The Data Collection Interval Register is disabled.
6 Auto Send 6
Sensor will first acquire range and other statusinformationfollowedby sendinga singleCommand
1 message containing up to 8 blocks of recorded Event Records. Sensor will wait for ½ the
programmed Awake period then send a second copy. The Awake period will continue in its
entirety for any normal protocol requests. There is no demand for any acknowledgement and no
retry will be sent. The Data Collection Interval Register is disabled.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.10 Dia.yml Settings Description – Ultrasonic Signal Sensitivity Setting (continued from previous page)
sensitivity Description
Very Low This setting should be considered if application has a short maximum sensing range.
Low This setting should be considered if application has a short maximum sensing range.
Normal This is the default setting to be used in most applications.
High This setting should be considered if application requires sensing out to maximum
specified range for sensor.
Very High This setting should be considered if application requires sensing out to maximum
specified range for sensor and/or liquid surface is know to foam.
Custom
Some applications may have nuisance reflections that may have any options of
moving the nuisance or sensor mounting location (such as a ladder in a tank). Obtain
diagnostic waveforms in an empty tank then consult Massa Products for support in
setting up a custom setting for your application.
3.1.11 Dia.yml Settings Description – Custom Ultrasonic Signal Sensitivity Settings
The sensitivity settings listed here allow customization of the thresholds and timing for target detection on the
ultrasonic signal for more difficult applications. These are active when the “sensitivity” setting is set to 'custom'. As
described in section 3.1.10, most applications should use the sensitivity setting to 2 (Normal settings). These
customized sensitivity values will be seen when you obtain the sensor’s waveforms allowing them to be validated for
your application. Leaving these control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not
access these sensor settings. Limits: see tables below.
sensitivity: ‘Custom‘# Sensor Sensitivity (‘Normal’, ‘High’, ‘Very High’, ‘Low’, ‘Very Low’, ‘Custom’)
custom_sensitivity_threshold1: 0 # Custom sensitivity threshold #1
custom_sensitivity_threshold2: 0 # Custom sensitivity threshold #2
custom_sensitivity_threshold3: 0 # Custom sensitivity threshold #3
custom_sensitivity_threshold4: 0 # Custom sensitivity threshold #4
custom_sensitivity_threshold2_msec: 0 # Custom sensitivity switch time #2
custom_sensitivity_threshold3_msec: 0 # Custom sensitivity switch time #3
custom_sensitivity_threshold4_msec: 0 # Custom sensitivity switch time #4
Available Threshold Voltages (for setting ‘custom_sensitivity_thresholdx’)
Threshold Switch Time
Limits (for setting
‘custom_sensitivity_thre
sholdx_msec’)
Index Voltage Index Voltage Index Voltage Index Voltage
0 off 6 0.96 12 1.31 18 1.66
1 0.70 7 1.05 13 1.40 19 1.75
2 0.79 8 1.14 14 1.49 20 1.84
3 0.82 9 1.17 15 1.52 21 1.93
4 0.88 10 1.23 16 1.58 22 2.01
5 0.93 11 1.28 17 1.63
Sensor Model Threshold Switch Time Limits
(mS)
150 and 95 0.5465 – 24.8
50 1.57 – 109

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.12 Dia.yml Settings Description – User Comment
The setting “user_comment” in the dia.yml file allows descriptive information to be programmed into the sensor. Up to
32 ASCII characters can be placed into the sensor. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or
characters other than ASCII will not access this sensor setting. Limits: up to 32 ASCII characters within quotes. A
space or no space between the quote will program 32 spaces into these sensor comment registers. Enclose with quotes.
user_comment: ' '
3.1.13 Dia.yml Settings Description – Zigbee Ack / Unassociated Failure to Boot Sensor
The setting “comm_fail_boot” allows for fail safe operationby rebooting sensor in cases of consecutive failed Zigbee
Acknowledge message or Unassociated state with gateway that occur on awake cycles. Suggested setting for a reboot
is 24 hours and timing is based on the Sleep Setting (sleep_interval_sec). For example, if sleep setting is 4 hours, set
this register to 6 for sensor to reboot on 6 consecutive awake cycles that cannot communicate with gateway (for 24
hours). Limits: 0, 4 – 254. “0” disables this feature. Invalid values (1, 2, 3 & 255) will be default to 0.
comm_fail_boot: 0
3.1.14 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee PAN ID (ID)
The setting “pan_id” in the dia.yml file programs the XBee’s PAN ID register. Sensors are shipped from the factory
with its PAN ID set to zero, which by definition, will commission to any gateway (any PAN ID). It is suggested that if
more than one gateway and sensor system is used within RF range of each other, that each gateway and associated
sensor(s) be programmed with their own unique non-zero PAN ID. Set this value to the same non-zero PAN ID as seen
in your Gateway’s XBee PAN ID. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting
value will not access this radio setting. Limits: 0 - 0x000000007fffffff
pan_id: 0x0000000000000000
NOTE: Once the sensor’s PAN ID has been changed after rebooting the gateway in the “Configure Sensor Settings” mode, the
gateway’s PAN ID will need to be changed with this newly assigned PAN ID so that you can continue to communicate with the
sensor. If the Deep Sleep register is zero, the sensor will default to a 1 minute sleep mode and may take up to 1 hour to rejoin the
gateway. If the Deep Sleep register is non-zero and the Outgoing Message Mode is 1,2, 5 or 6, then sensor will rejoin upon the next
wake up cycle. See Section 2.3 to change the gateway’s PAN ID.
3.1.15 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee Encryption Enable (EE)
The setting “xbee_security” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s Encryption Enable (EE) register. To activate
sensor Xbee security, enter 'enable' and enter a security value in the 'xbee_security_key' setting (see section 3.1.16).
Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this radio
setting. The gateway’s XBee “Encryption Enable (EE)” register will need to be set to '1' as well. Select 'enable' or
'disable'. Enclose with quotes.
xbee_security: 'disable'
3.1.16 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee Encryption Key (KY)
The setting “xbee_security_key” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s Encryption Key (KY) register. This key
will be loaded into XBee if xbee_security: 'enable'. The gateway’s XBee “Link encryption key (KY)” register will need
to be set to the same value as you have set here. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or invalid
value will not access this radio setting. Limits: 16 byte hexadecimal string.
xbee_security_key: 0x0000000000000000

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.17 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee Poll Rate (PO)
The setting “poll_rate” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s Poll Rate (PO) register. Leaving this control line
out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this radio setting. Set this value to 0.
poll_rate: 0
3.1.18 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee Node Discovery Register (NO)
The setting “node_discovery” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s Node Discovery (PO) register. Leaving this
control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this radio setting. Set this
value to 1.
node_discovery: 1
3.1.19 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee PAN Conflict Threshold Register (CR)
The setting “pan_conflict_threshold” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s PAN Conflict Threshold (CR) register.
This setting is only available for XBee firmware releases 29A0 and greater. It is important to note that when upgrading
XBee firmware from earlier versions than 29A0, that this register be programmed to the default value of 3. Leaving
this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this radio setting.
Limits: 1 - 0x03f. Set this value to 3 (default).
pan_conflict_threshold: 3
3.1.20 Dia.yml Settings Description – XBee Device Options Register (DO) (FW releases 29A7 or greater)
The setting “device_options” in the dia.yml file is used to set the XBee’s Device Options (DO) register. This setting is
only available for XBee firmware releases 29A7 and greater. It is important to note that when upgrading XBee
firmware versions prior to 29A7, that this device options register be updated. Setting to 0 will associate to gateway on
first response. Setting it to 4 will associate to the gateway with strongest signal (when more than 1 gateway in range).
Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not access this radio
setting. Limits: 0 or 4. Set this value to 0 (default). After this setting has been updated, execute a sensor reboot. See
reboot_sensor setting.
device_options: 0
3.1.21 Dia.yml Settings Description – Clear Data History Records
The setting “clear_data_history” in the dia.yml file is used to clear all the sensors historical data records and will reset
the Event Number to 1. Enter 'true' to enable this setting. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank value, or
incorrectly typed setting value will not perform this function. Select 'true' or 'false'. Enclose with quotes.
clear_data_history: 'false'
3.1.22 Dia.yml Settings Description – Obtain Diagnostic Data (ultrasonic waveforms and historical records)
The setting “obtain_diagnostic_data” in the dia.yml file is used to obtain diagnostic data which includes waveforms and
other information that will be stored in gateway memory. Enter 'true' and boot gateway to acquire ultrasonic waveforms
and other information which will be stored in the gateway. Leaving this control line out ofthe dia.yml, blank value, or
incorrectly typed setting value will not perform this function. Select 'true' or 'false'. Enclose with quotes.
obtain_diagnostic_data: 'false'
NOTE: If the sleep setting is not enabled, the gateway will restore the previously stored sleep setting after diagnostic
data is obtained. If a gateway power cycle were to occur while obtaining diagnostic data, the sleep setting will be set
to zero. It is recommended that if this setting is enabled, the 'sleep_interval_sec' also be enabled and value set to your
application so it is properly restored.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.1.23 Dia.yml Settings Description – Program Sensor Firmware
The setting “program_m3_firmware_file” in the dia.yml file is used upload sensor firmware. The firmware will need to
be loaded into the Python manage files memory prior to activation. Leaving this control line out of the dia.yml, blank
value, or incorrectly typed filename or incorrect model number within filename will not perform thisfunction. Values:
firmware bin files, see www.massa.com. Enclose with quotes.
program_m3_firmware_file: 'M3-150V31-21.bin' (example)
NOTE: If the sleep setting is not enabled, the gateway will restore the previously stored sleep setting after firmware programming.
If a gateway power cycle were to occur during programming, the sleep setting will be set to zero. It is recommended that if this
setting is enabled, the 'sleep_interval_sec' also be enabled and value set to your application so it is properly restored.
3.1.24 Dia.yml Settings Description – Sensor XBee Keep Awake command
The setting “keep_xbee_awake” in the dia.yml file will keep the sensor’s XBee awake for 5 minutes so that XBee
firmware can be uploaded. User must first go to Digi’s “XBee Configuration - OTA Firmware Update Setup” UI and
load the XBee firmware (ebl file). See section 3.2.6 for XBee firmware upload procedure. Leaving this control line out
of the dia.yml, blank value, or incorrectly typed setting value will not perform this function. Select 'true' or 'false'.
Enclose with quotes. NOTE: If this setting is enabled, then ALL OTHER settings within the yml are disabled for the
sensor.
keep_xbee_awake: 'false'
3.1.25 Dia.yml Settings Description – Clear Sensor Errors
The setting “clear_errors” in the dia.yml file will clear the sensor’s error register. Select 'true' to clear all errors. Error
codes are: bit0 = sensor configuration register replaced with default, bit1 = sensor detection fault, bit2 = temperature
probe fault, bit3 = brown out fault, and bit4 = power supply low. Select 'true' or 'false'. Enclose with quotes.
clear_errors: 'false'
3.1.26 Dia.yml Settings Description – Reboot Sensor
The setting “reboot_sensor” in the dia.yml file will restart sensor including resetting its XBee radio. This setting needs
to be enabled Xbee firmware programming and should the only setting enabled. It is not necessary to reboot the sensor
with any other sensor setting change. Select 'true' to enable this feature. Select 'true' or 'false'. Enclose with quotes.
reboot_sensor: 'false'
3.1.27 Dia.yml Settings Description – Status Output Logging of Sensor’s Automated Messages
The setting “log_status” in the dia.yml file will create a log file stored in the gateway’s python files named
“status_log.txt” that will record the sensor’s automated status messages. Only the most recent record in the automated
message will be recorded in this file. The file will append each new message. Use this feature for initial evaluation and
disable it once the application has been validated since memory space is limited. Select 'true' to enable this feature.
Enclose with quotes.
log_status: 'false'
Sample output:
Sensor 00:13:a2:00:40:54:da:6a!: Dist=26.5" Temp=-3.6C Batt=4.8V UltrasonicStrength=75% RadioSignal=VeryStrong Event=377 2012-02-13 09:41:16
3.1.28 Dia.yml Settings Description – Dia Log for Sensor Settings
The setting “log_dia” in the dia.yml file will create a log file stored in the gateway’s python files named “dia_log.txt”
that will report the sensor’s settings. Sleeping sensors will respond upon awake. This file will include the python
driver version. Select 'true' to enable this feature. Enclose with quotes.
log_dia: 'false'
NOTE: This feature will temporarily set sensor’s sleep setting (sleep_interval_sec) to zero and then restore it to the value previously
set in the sensor or if the sleep setting is enabled in the dia.yml, it will update to the new setting.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.2 Setting up gateway with multiple dia.yml
There are several ways to set up how the gateway will operate.
One method is to use one dia.yml that is edited and reloaded for
the different functions (configuring the sensor, obtaining
diagnostics data - waveforms, firmware upload or a listening only
mode for automated status messages). A second method is to
write multiple yml files and give them their own unique name that
is enabled in the “Auto-start Settings”. Here it will be described
the multiple dia.yml method versus editing the same dia.yml to
perform different functions.
3.2.1 General Operation – No Action at Power Up (listen only)
After the sensor has been configured for your application to automatically send
its status message upon awake, you should set up a dia.yml so there are no
settings that will be written to the sensor or XBee on subsequent power cycles or
reboots. The dia.yml file can utilize the comment line indicator '#' for all
controls. See example in Appendix B.
3.2.2 Configure Sensor settings with dia_configure.yml
To configure the sensors settings, edit the dia_configure.yml file for the
desired sleep, awake, outgoing message mode, and other settings. Then
load it into the python managefiles. Checkoff “dia.py dia_configure.yml”
in the Python “Auto-start Settings” UI. When gateway is booted, sensors
settings will be updated when they wake up. For validating sensor
settings, enable the setting log_dia: 'true'. The log file named “dia_log.txt”
will be created in the python manage files. This file will contain sensor
settings as seen in Section 3.1.26. Upon successfully changing the
settings, revert back to listening only mode. See section 3.1 for
configurable sensor settings. You may configure multiple sensors at atime
with the yml file.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.2.3 Diagnostic Mode, Obtain Waveforms
To obtain diagnostic data that includes ultrasonic waveforms, sensor
settings and history buffer up to the last 111 records, set up the command
line in the dia.yml as:
obtain_diagnostic_data: 'true'
This example has its own file named dia_diagnostics.yml and loaded into
the Python Files. Enable the Auto-start Settings as shown and boot the
gateway. When the sensor wakes up, it will be commanded to obtain
waveforms. All waveforms collected will be placed in the Python
Configuration - Python Files - Manage Files memory location. You may
enable multiple sensors to obtain waveforms in the dia.yml.
NOTE: If the sleep setting is not enabled, the gateway will restore the previously stored sleep setting after diagnostic data is
obtained. If a gateway power cycle were to occur while obtaining diagnostic data, the sleep setting will be set to zero. It is
recommended that if this 'obtain_diagnostic_data' setting is enabled, the 'sleep_interval_sec' also be enabled and value set to
your application so it is properly restored.
Shown here are 2 waveform files created from the M3/150
sensor (file extension ending in the .M3). As indicated in
Appendix A, the M3/150 will obtain 2 waveforms while the
M3/95 and M3/50 Sensors will obtain 4 waveforms.
Download these files to your PC by clicking on the
waveform file name which will open up a new window.
Then save the waveform by selecting ‘File’ ‘Save Page As’
function. You may use the M3 Software to review the
waveform (see Appendix F) by selecting ‘File’ ‘Recall
Sensor from File’ function. The file name created by this
diagnostic file contains the sensor’s MAC address followed
by the time stamp. Use this same name when saving the file.
After you have obtained the waveforms, you should disable obtain_diagnostic_data setting so subsequent gateway power
cycles does not continue to request waveforms (see section 3.2.1). Delete these waveforms from the gateway after you
have saved them due to gateway memory limitations.

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3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.2.4 Sensor Application Firmware Update
First, obtain the sensor’s application firmware from Massa
Products web site and upload it as shown here stored in the
Python Configuration Manage Files location. Firmware
versions less than 29.x will also require loading M3-
BootloaderV3.bin into gateway as seen here. Create a new yml
file named dia_m3_firmware_update.yml and enable the
program setting as shown here for model M3/150 sensor:
program_m3_firmware_file: 'M3-150V29-17.bin'
NOTE: Enable only one sensor’s program firmware setting
at a time.
NOTE: If the sleep setting is not enabled, the gateway will
restore the previously stored sleep setting after firmware
programming. If a gateway power cycle were to occur during
programming, the sleep setting will be set to zero. It is
recommended that if this setting is enabled, the
'sleep_interval_sec' also be enabled and value set to your
application so it is properly restored.
In the Auto-start Settings menu, check the enable box for “dia.py
dia_m3_firmware_update.yml” and reboot the gateway. When thesensor
wakes up, it will begin uploading firmware. Upon completion, a dia log
file named “dia_log.txt” will be created, or append to an existing one, and
report if it has successfully uploaded the firmware.
When successfully programmed, uncheck the Enable box for firmware
uploading and return to the listening mode dia.yml (or another function) to
prevent the sensor from having its firmware uploaded a second time on
any subsequent gateway boots.
3.2.5 Enabling gateway serial port for use with M3 Software application (X4 Gateways only)
The M3 Software application is set up to communicatedirectly with anX4
Gateway’s serial port. This is an alternate method of accessing sensors
settings, utilizing the diagnostic tools, and update firmware locally. Load
“massa_gateway_appl.py” then enable it in the Auto-start Settings UI.
Reboot the gateway to enable the serial port.
Uncheck “Access the command line interface” in the Serial Services UI
and set up for custom serial port setting: Baud Rate=9600, Data Bits=8,
Parity=none, Stop Bits=1, and Flow Control=none. The M3 application
software can be obtained at www.massa.com.

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Manage Files after FW upload
XBee successfully programmed with FW level indicated
3.0 Operating Modes for Gateway and Sensor
3.2.6 Sensor XBee Firmware Update
Follow the steps below to program sensors XBee firmware. You should obtain the firmware from either massa.com or
from digi.com. Xbee firrmware has an “ebl” file extension. NOTE: Update only one Sensor XBee firmware at a time.
As of this writing, programming the XBee firmware requires several
steps. It requires the sensor to keep its XBee ON for the entire
programming process. This procedure is time sensitive because of the
limitations of the radio which can only be instructed to stay awakefor5
minutes. The XBee programming takes about 1 minute.
The gateway must be prepared to allow quick access to enable sensor
XBee programming. Follow these steps to successfully program the
sensors XBee. Enable setting log_dia and monitor dia_log.txt file for
driver status for Step 6 below.
1) Verify that the sensor is awake so that it will be seen in the OTA
Firmware Update Status UI. Boot gateway with
dia_configure.yml setting sleep_interval_sec: 0. Also enable
settings poll_rate: 0 and node_discovery: 1.
2) In the XBee Configuration – OTA Firmware Update Setup UI,
check the Enable over the air firmware updates and Stop
automatic updates if an update error occurs then click Apply.
3) Browse for the latest XBee firmware (ver 29xx) and click Upload.
4) Go to the OTA Firmware Update Status UI and find sensor’s
XBee in the nodes list. If it does not appear on this list, then go to
the XBee Devices UI and click on Discover Xbee Devices.
5) Boot gateway with dia_configure.yml setting keep_xbee_awake:
'true'. This will keep the sensor 100% awake for 5 minutes.
6) Monitor the dia_log.txt file in the python manges files UI and
keep refreshing this log file until you get the “keep_xbee_awake
message is acknowledged” message. When you receive this
message with “True” indicated, proceed quickly to next step.
7) Immediately go to the OTA Firmware Update StatusUI then check
the sensor node, select node firmware ebl file, and
click Update. Note Status will be indicated as
Updating.
8) After 70 seconds, click on the Refresh button to get
the indication that the XBee has updated the firmware
with a Complete indication. This will validate that
the XBee’s firmware has been successfully updated.
9) IMPORTANT! After the sensor’s XBee has been
upgraded to ver 29A0 or greater, you must programa
new XBee CR register (CR=3). Reboot gateway.
10) Lastly, reboot sensor by setting reboot_sensor =
‘true’. Reboot gateway.
11) Disable sensor_keep_awake, pan_conflict_threshold
and reboot_sensor settings after you verify sensor
was rebooted.

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4.0 Application Setup Example
Application Example - Managing a tank farm
The M3 Sensors are supplied programmed to stay awake and will commission to any gateway (unless gateway security
enabled or child table at max). This will be indicated by the sensor’s red LED blinking every 2 seconds. Typical
applications will have the sensors programmed for long sleep periods (1hr, 4hrs, 12hrs or more) to maintain battery life
(see Appendix A). When programmed, sensors will awake and send status information to the gateway which in turn will
send the information to a server (cloud or local). Setting up sensors and gateways to have their PAN ID’s programmed to
similar non-zero values will maintain that sensors stay associated with an assigned gateway and not join other gateways
(when other gateways are in vicinity). Follow the steps below to properly set up your sensor and includes suggestions to
obtain diagnostic data when evaluating a new tank for the very first time.
Procedure:
1) DO NOT POWER SENSORS AT THIS TIME.
2) Configure Digi Gateway as indicated bytheir instructionsso you have an Ethernet connection. Use Digi’s Discovery
application to get to their Web UI.
3) If there are plans to ever have another gateway in the area, you should change the gateway’s XBee Extended PAN
identifier for the XBee network. See page 3.
4) Load all the python files from www.massa.com into your gateway.
5) Load a sample dia.yml (from www.massa.com) on your PC to edit the parameters as follows:
a) Enter the MAC address of your sensor on the “extended_address” line to the same value as Step 3.
b) Set other settings as seen in Appendix B
c) If you have additional sensors,copy settingsand edit MAC and NAME parameters. Also edit the PAN ID to
the non-zero value the gateway was programmed to.
d) Load the edited dia.yml back into the manage python files (see page 4)
e) Power sensor now
f) Re-boot gateway for pan id to be programmed into sensor. Sensors should stay commissioned going from
PAN ID=0 to PANID=your new non-zero value.
g) If evaluating a new tank, it is recommended to run diagnostics mode to obtain diagnostic data (ultrasonic
waveforms) from the sensor. Data should be obtained with the tank empty, ½ full, and full. This data should
be archived so that it can be used later to evaluate any problematic tanks. See section 3.2.3 for getting this
data.
h) To view waveforms, use the M3 Software Application, see Appendix F for a waveform description,but for
support, contact Massa Products Corporation.
6) If the gateway was close by to the tank during setup and now you are ready to determine a permanent location of the
gateway, you should program the sensor to send automated messages relatively fast (every few minutes). These
messages will contain the RF signal strength. See Appendix C to observe the radio signal strength and where bestto
place the gateway as typically it will be more difficult to move the tank. Set up the dia.yml with the following
settings:
a) Obtain the dia.yml from gateway
b) Set sample_rate_sec: 120
c) Set sleep_rate_sec: 120
d) Set awake_time_sec: 31
e) Set outgoing_message_mode: 2
f) Load the edited dia.yml back into the manage python files (see page 4)
g) Re-boot gateway for settings to be programmed into sensor

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4.0 Application Setup Example (continued from previous page)
7) Go to the iDigi Dia web UI. This will be your gateway address followed by
/idigi_dia. See figure to the right. Note: you must have the output drivers in
the yml file as shown in Appendix B. An alternative way to obtain status
messages is to enable the dia setting log_status: 'true' and view the
status_log.txt file stored in the python files web UI. This setting stores the
status information of the latest record of the automated message.
8) The RF signal strength report is named “radio_strength”. If it is Moderate,
Strong or Very Strong, then your gateway is mounted in a good location. If a
report of “Weak” is reported, then review Appendix C for placement
strategies. In some applications, you may have to move the sensor or placea
wall router between sensor and gateway.
9) If your application requires security, you may program it as follows:
a) Obtain the dia.yml from gateway
b) Set xbee_security_enable: 'true'
c) Set xbee_security_key: your value
d) Repeat for all sensors in the dia.yml
e) Boot gateway and wait for all sensors (depending on your current sleep setting) to be programmed with the
security enable and keys.
f) When all sensors have been programmed, update your gateway’s XBee with Encryption enable (EE) = 1 and
Link encryption key (KY) to save value you set the sensors. Click apply
g) You will have to wait until sensor wakes up from its programmed sleep for it to re-associate with the
gateway. If your sensor’s sleep interval was programmed for 0, then you will have to wait up to one hour to
re-associate. If sensor sleep setting was non-zero, then upon the next wake up cycle will it re-associate.
The gateway can be set up to route the sensor status
information received to a server or cloud storage such as
iDigi. Hosting sites can obtain and mange your data that
could include sending you notification on tank level,
alarms, and such to your PC or mobile device. For more
information, contact Massa Products or Digi International.

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APPENDIX A
Miscellaneous Sensor Information
Battery Life and Suggested Replacement Voltage
Below are the battery life estimates using Energizer L91 batteries with the data acquisition rate programmed to the same
time as the wake up time.
Status messages will include reporting the battery voltage. It would be a good idea to replace all three batteries when the
sensor reports back with voltages below 3.5V. RF range becomes reduced with voltages below 3.2V.
To replace batteries, open cover using slotted screwdriver and remove existing batteries. Press commission button to
discharge any residual voltage and then install batteries in polarity shown in battery holders, see photo to right below.
Close and secure cover.
Diagnostic Mode – Sensor Waveforms
This table shows the waveform types that will be created and stored in the Manage Files memory location.
Waveform to save ▬►#1 #2 #3 #4
Sensor Model Transmit
cycles Gain Transmit cycles Gain Transmit cycles Gain Transmit cycles Gain
M3/150 and M3/150is 1 low 10 high - - - -
M3/95 and M3/95is 1 low 10 low 10 high 20 high
M3/50 4 low 1 low 10 low 10 high
Wake up and report status rate
24 hrs 12 hrs 8 hrs 6 hrs 4 hrs 1 hrs 1 min
Battery life at 80%
battery efficiency 3.63 yrs 3.60 yrs 3.58 yrs 3.56 yrs 3.52 yrs 3.17 yrs 4.36 months

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APPENDIX A (continued from previous page)
Miscellaneous Sensor Information
LED Behavior
Following is the lookup table for the behavior of the LED:
Rebooting Sensor Manually
To restart a sleeping sensor, remove battery and then press the commission button for several seconds. Reinstall battery.
Firmware Releases
As of this writing, gateway Xbee firmware is 21A0 and sensor is 29A0. See massa.com for the most up to date
releases including sensor firmware.
Minimum Sensing Distance over Higher Temperatures
Temperature that exceed values indicated below will pose a slight variance in reporting a linear measurement when
target approach the indicated minimum distances. The sensor’s reported range will be the minimum specified distance
when the target is at this distance.
Model M3/150 Model M3/95
LED Behavior Description
OFF No power, battery voltage too low, or sensor sleeping if powered
RED quick flash every 2 seconds Sensor is joined with a ZigBee network, if stays in this mode, then Deep Sleep = 0.
RED quick flash every 2 seconds
followed by an extended OFF period Sensor is joined to a Zigbee network which then goes to sleep per programmed Awake
setting and remains OFF for the programmed Deep Sleep setting.
RED 3 to 50 seconds steady ON Un-associated state attempting to join ZigBee network.
RED quick flash once a minute Sensor is not joined to a Zigbee network and the Deep Sleep Timer = 0. Once joined,
sensor will quick flash every 2 seconds. May take up to 1 hour to join.
RED multiple blinking Sensor was requested to read, write, obtain waveforms or other requests.
RED flash every ½ second
for 30 seconds Commission button pressed followed by other behaviors indicated above after 30 sec
GREEN 3 blinks followed by RED Sensor was rebooted
RED 2 Hz flash, GREEN 1 Hz flash Error: Application firmware not present
Temperature Min Sensing Distance
< 25°C 4.25”
25°C to 40°C 4.5”
40°C to 50°C 4.75”
50°C to 60°C 5.0”
≥+60C 5.25”
Temperature Min Sensing Distance
All 12”