MICRO-EPSILON optoNCDT1800 User manual

MICRO-EPSILON
SENSORS & SYSTEMS
Authority in Displacement Measurement
O
C
optoNCDT1800, 1801
Laser Optical
Displacement Sensor
with high speed
CCD-System
Instruction Manual

MICRO-EPSILON
MESSTECHNIK
GmbH & Co. KG
Königbacher Strasse 15
D-94496 Ortenburg
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
e-mail [email protected]
www.micro-epsilon.com
Certified in compliance with
DIN EN ISO 9001: 2000

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801
Contents
1. Safety .............................................................................. 5
1.1 Symbols Used........................................................................................5
1.2 Warnings ................................................................................................5
1.3 Notes on CE Identification .....................................................................6
1.4 Proper Use .............................................................................................6
1.5 Proper Environment ...............................................................................6
2. Laser Class ..................................................................... 7
3. Functional Principle, Technical Data ............................ 8
3.1 Short Description ...................................................................................8
3.2 Technical Data ........................................................................................9
3.3 Block Diagramm .................................................................................. 10
3.4 Operating State of the Controller ......................................................... 10
3.5 Electrical Diagramm of Remote Switch for Laser On/Off ...................... 10
4. Delivery ......................................................................... 11
4.1 Unpacking............................................................................................ 11
4.2 Storage ................................................................................................ 11
5. Installation .................................................................... 11
5.1 Mounting of the Sensor........................................................................ 12
5.2 Mounting of the Controller ................................................................... 14
5.3 Mains Fuse Controller 1801 ................................................................. 15
5.4 Cable Demands ...................................................................................15
6. Measuring Setup and Commissioning....................... 16
6.1 Getting Ready for Operation ............................................................... 16
6.2 Control and Display Elements on the Controller .................................. 16
6.3 Average Setting .................................................................................... 17
6.3.1 Averaging Number N ........................................................................... 18
6.3.2 Averaging Type ................................................................................... 19
6.3.2.1 Moving Average (Default Setting)........................................................ 20
6.3.2.2 Recursive Average............................................................................... 20
6.3.2.3 Median ................................................................................................ 21
6.3.3 Comparison and Impact of Averaging ................................................ 21
6.4 Adjustment of Zero-Point ..................................................................... 26
6.5 Pin Assignment DSUB Connector ........................................................ 26
6.6 Responses of the Analog Output to Errors .......................................... 27
6.7 Error Output Circuit .............................................................................. 28
6.8 Synchronization ................................................................................... 28
6.9 Timing .................................................................................................. 29
7. Measurement Value Output......................................... 30
7.1 Analog Value Output ............................................................................ 30
7.2 Digital Value Output .............................................................................30
7.3 Digital Error Codes ..............................................................................30
7. Messwertausgabe ........................................................ 30
7.1 Messwertausgabe Analog-Spannung ................................................... 30
7.2 Messwertausgabe Digital ..................................................................... 30
7.3 Digitaler Fehlercode.............................................................................30
8. Serial Interface (Option) .............................................. 31
8.1 RS232 .................................................................................................. 31
8.2 RS422/485 ............................................................................................31
8.3 Set-up of the Commands ..................................................................... 32
8.4 Available Commands ...........................................................................33
8.4.1 Information Command ........................................................................ 33
8.4.2 Zero Command................................................................................... 34
8.4.3 Average Command 0 ... 3 ................................................................... 34

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801
8.4.4 Average Command n .......................................................................... 35
8.4.5 Change Average Method .................................................................... 35
8.4.6 Reset Command ................................................................................. 36
8.4.7 Start Command ................................................................................... 36
8.4.8 Stop Command .................................................................................. 37
8.4.9 Displacement Command .................................................................... 37
8.4.10 Thickness Command .......................................................................... 38
8.4.11 Refraction Command .......................................................................... 38
8.4.12 Multilayer Command ........................................................................... 38
9. Instructions for Operating........................................... 39
9.1 Reflection Factor of the Target Surface ................................................39
9.2 Error Influences .................................................................................... 39
9.2.1 Colour Differences ............................................................................... 39
9.2.2 Temperature Influences ........................................................................ 39
9.2.3 Mechanical Vibration .......................................................................... 40
9.2.4 Surface Roughness ............................................................................. 40
9.2.5 Angle Influence .................................................................................... 40
9.3 Optimising the Measuring Accuracy .................................................... 40
10. Warranty ....................................................................... 41
11. Decommissioning, Disposal ....................................... 41
12. Appendix ....................................................................... 42
12.1 Pin Assignment DSUB Connector ........................................................ 42
12.2 Protective Housing ............................................................................... 42
12.3 Free Space for Optics ..........................................................................46
12.4 Service, Repair ..................................................................................... 49

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 5
1. Safety
The handling of the system assumes knowledge of the instruction manual.
1.1 Symbols Used
The following symbols are used in this instruction manual:
DANGER! - imminent danger
WARNING! - potentially dangerous situation
i
IMPORTANT! - useful tips and information
1.2 Warnings
• Caution - use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other
than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
• Avoid unnecessary laser radiation to be exposed to the human body
- Switch off the sensor for cleaning and maintenance.
- Switch off the sensor for system maintenance and repair if the sensor is
integrated into a system.
• Avoid banging and knocking the sensor and the controller
> Damage to or destruction of the sensor and/or the controller
•The power supply may not exceed the specified limits
> Damage to or destruction of the controller and/or the sensor
• Power supply and the display-/output device must be connected in
accordance with the safety regulations for electrical equipment
> Danger of injury
> Damage to or destruction of the controller and/or the sensor
• Protect the sensor cable against damage
> Destruction of the sensor
> Failure of the measuring device
• Avoid continuous exposure to spray on the sensors and the controller
> Damage to or destruction of the controller and/or the sensor
• Operate sensor and controller only with the same serial number
> Loss of the specified technical data
•The housing of the series 1801 controller housing may only be opened by
authorised persons.
> Danger of injury through mains voltage
> Damage to or destruction of the controller
Safety
DANGER!
Do not open series 1801
controller housing!

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 6
1.3 Notes on CE Identification
The following applies to the measuring system series 1800, 1801:
EC regulation 89/336/EEC
EC regulation 73/23/EEC (Series 1801 only)
Products which carry the CE mark satisfy the requirements of the EC regulation EC 89/
336/EEC ‘Electromagnetic Compatibility’ and the European standards (EN) listed
therein. The EC declaration of conformity is kept available according to EC regulation,
article 10 by the authorities responsible at
MICRO-EPSILON MESSTECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG
Königbacher Str. 15
94496 Ortenburg
The system is designed for use in industry and to satisfy the requirements of the
standards • EN 50 081-1 Spurious emission
• EN 61 000-6-2 Resistance to disturbance
The systems satisfy the requirements if they comply with the regulations described in
the operating manual for installation and operation.
1.4 Proper Use
• The series 1800/1801 measuring system is designed for use in industrial areas.
• It is used
- for measuring displacement, distance, position and elongation
- for in-process quality control and dimensional testing
• The measuring system may only be operated within the limits specified in the
technical data (chap. 3.2).
• The system should only be used in such a way that in case of
malfunctions or failure personnel or machinery are not endanged.
• Additional precautions for safety and damage prevention must be taken for
safety-related applications.
1.5 Proper Environment
• Protection class sensor: IP 65 (Only with sensor cable, supply/output cable
connected )
• Protection class controller: IP 50
• Lenses are excluded from protection class. Contamination of the lenses leads to
impairment or failure of the function.
• Operating temperature: 0 to +50 °C (+32 to +104 °F)
• Storage temperature: -20 to +70 °C (-4 to +158 °F)
• Humidity: 5 - 95 % (no condensation)
• Pressure: atmospheric pressure
• EMC: acc. EN 50 081-1 Spurious emission
EN 61 000-6-2 Resistance to disturbance
Safety
i
IMPORTANT!
The protection class is
limited to water (no
penetrating liquids or
similar)

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 7
Laser Class
2. Laser Class
The opto 1800/1801 sensors operate with a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of
670 nm (visible/red). The laser is operated on a pulsed mode, the pulse frequency
corresponding to the measuring frequency. The duration of the pulse is regulated in
dependency on the object to be measured and can form an almost permanent beam.
The maximum optical output is ≤1 mW. The sensors are classified in Laser Class 2 (II).
Class 2 (II) lasers are not notifiable and a laser protection officer is not required either.
The following warning labels are attached to the cover (front and/or rear side) of the
sensor housing:
The laser warning labels for Germany have already been applied (see above). Those for
other non German-speaking countries an IEC standard lable is included in delivery and
the versions applicable to the user’s country must be applied before the equipment is
used for the first time. Laser operation is indicated by LED (see chap. 3.4).
i
IMPORTANT!
If both warning labels are
covered over when the unit
is installed the user must
ensure that supplementary
labels are applied.
WARNING!
Never deliberately look into
the laser beam!
Consciously close your
eyes or turn away
immediately if ever the
laser beam should hit your
eyes.
IEC Standard
During operation of the sensor ILD
1800 the pertinent regulations acc. to
EN 60825-1 on "radiation safety of
laser equipment" must be fully
observed at all times.
FDA Norm
The sensor complies with all applica-
ble laws for the manufacturer of laser
devices. This system is classified by
the Center for Devices and Radio-
logical Health (CDRH) as a Class II
laser device.
Although the laser output is low looking directly into the laser beam must be avoided.
Due to the visible light beam eye protection is ensured by the natural blink reflex.
The housing of the optical sensors optoNCDT1800/1801 may only be opened by
the manufacturer. For repair and service purposes the sensors must always be
sent to the manufacturer.
Fig. 2.1: True reproduction of the sensor with its actual location of the warning labels
Laser spot Laser spot

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 8
3. Functional Principle, Technical Data
3.1 Short Description
Depending on the distance the diffuse fraction of the reflection of this point of light is
then focussed on, to a position sensitive element (CCD-array) by the receiving lens,
which is arranged at a certain angle with respect to the optical axis of the laser beam.
From the CCD signal the intensity of the diffuse reflection is determined in real time.
This enables the sensor to compensate intensity fluctuations still during processing of a
measured-value, which it does in a very wide reflection factor range (from almost
complete absorption to almost total reflection).
LEDs on the controller (see chap. 3.4 and 6.2) signal:
- Out of range (upper and lower range values), poor Target (unfit or no object)
- In range
- Mid range
- Laser ON/OFF
- Power on
LEDs on the sensor signal:
- Out of Range (upper and lower range values)
- Poor Target (unfit or no object)
- Mid range
- Laser ON/OFF
Functional Principle, Technical Data
i
IMPORTANT!
Sensor and controller are
one unit.
SMR
Start of measuring range
MMR
Midrange
EMR
End of measuring range
Fig. 3.1: Triangulation principle
Sensor
ILD 1800/1801
Analog output
Measuring range
0 VDC (MMR)
+5 VDC (EMR)
SMR
-5 VDC
Reference distance
The opto 1800/1801 system
consists of an laser-optical sensor
and a signal conditioning
electronics (controller). The opto
1800/1801 sensor uses the principle
of optical triangulation, i.e. a
visible, modulated point of light is
projected onto the target surface.

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 9
3.2 Technical Data
Functional Principle, Technical Data
FSO = Full Scale Output
SMR = Start of measuring range
MR = Midrange
EMR = End of measuring range
The specified data apply for a diffusely reflecting matt white ceramic target.
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egnargnirusaemfotratS )"(mm )49.(42 )81.1(03 )75.1(04 )77.1(54 )67.2(07 )67.2(07 )78.7(002 )78.7(002 )7.12(055
)egnardim=(ecnatsidecnerefeR )"(mm )89.(52 )83.1(53 )79.1(05 )67.2(07 )27.4(021 )96.6(071 )7.71(054 )6.22(575 )6.22(575
egnargnirusaemfodnE )"(mm )20.1(62 )75.1(04 )63.2(06 )47.3(59 )96.6(071 )6.01(072 )6.72(007 )4.73(059 )6.32(006
ytiraeniL OSF% 1.0± 80.0± 1.0± 80.0± 1.0±
noituloseR OSF%10.:zHk5ta mμ2. mμ1 mμ2 mμ5 mμ01 mμ02 tamμ05
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mμ05
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mμ023
mμ54
mμ023
mμ075
mμ55
mμ075
mμ047
mμ06
mμ007
mμ0031
mμ0031
mμ0031
mμ0051
mμ0051
mμ0051
mμ0051
mμ0051
mμ0051
004.rppa
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1) The data for the sensor are based on
DIN EN 60028-2-6 (vibration) and
DIN EN 60028-2-29 (shock).

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 10
Functional Principle, Technical Data
Laser control
Softstart
CCD line
Signal conditioning
AGC
Control signal
for laser
Clock generator
AD
converter
State Average 1 Average 2
RS485
RS232
DA
converter
Line filter
Switch
Fuse
85 - 264 VAC
Ground wire
+24 VDC Power supply
RESET
Laser ON/OFF
RS485
RS232
Sync. IN/OUT
Zero
Error 1, 2
Output (±5 VDC)
Digital
signal
processor
Power
supply unit
i
IMPORTANT!
If pin 4 and pin 17 (D-SUB
receptacle) are not
connected the laser is off.
optoNCDT1801 only
In switched on mode the
current through pin 4 and 17 is
at total less than 10 mA. The
residual voltage should be
less 0.1 V at the same time.
The 25-pin D-SUB connector
(contained in the delivery)
contains a jumper between pin
4 and 17.
Reaction Time for Laser-On:
Correct measuring data are
sent by the sensor
approximately 11 ms after
signal for Laser-On.
The laser can be switched of with an external
switch between the pins 4 and 17 for service
jobs. Switching can be done with a transistor
(e.g. open collector in an optocoupler) or a
relay contact.
+24 VDC
3.3 kOhm
Pin 4
Pin 17
Laser
ON/OFF
Controller
Fig. 3.2: Electrical wiring for laser on/off
I < 10 mA
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3.3 Block Diagramm
3.4 Operating State of the Controller
3.5 Electrical Diagramm of Remote Switch for Laser On/Off

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 11
Delivery
4. Delivery
4.1 Unpacking
Check for completeness and shipping damage immediately after unpacking. The
delivery includes:
1 Controller 1 Instruction manual
1 Sensor ILD 180x 1 Rubber feet kit for controller
1 25 pin D-SUB Receptacle with screened cable clamps
1 Set of installation angles with screws
In case of damage or missing parts, please contact the manufacturer or supplier.
4.2 Storage
Storage temperature: -20 to +70 °C (-4 to +158 °F)
Humidity: 5 - 95 % (no condensation)
5. Installation
The optoNCDT1800/1801 is an optical sensor for measurements with micrometer
accuracy. Make sure it is handled carefully when installing and operating.
MICRO-EPSILON recommends the use of protective housings if the sensor
operates in a dirty environment or higher ambient temperature. See also Chap. 11.2.
Optional Accessory:
CE1800-x Sensor cable extension
PC1800-x Power supply and output cable
x = Cable length in m
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•
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Sensor CE1800-x Controller
PC1800-x
Fig. 5.1: System with sensor, sensor cable and controller

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 12
5.1 Mounting of the Sensor
The sensor is mounted by means of 3 screws type M4.
i
IMPORTANT!
Handle optical sensors with
care.
Installation
The laser beam must be directed perpendicular onto the surface of the target.
Misalignment will create measuring errors (indication of bigger distances).
laser on
state
Fig. 5.2: Sensor dimensions
ILD 1800/1801-2/10/20/50/100/200
(not to scale)
30.0
(1.18)
15
(.59)
13.2 (.52)
24.2
(.95)
36.1
(1.42)
37.5
(1.48)
67.0 (2.64)
75.0 (2.95)
80.0 (3.15)
89.0 (3.50)
97.0 (3.82)
3 Mounting
holes ø4.5
(.18DIA.)
Laser spot 13.4
(.53)
4 (.16)
Legend:
mm
(inches)

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 13
Installation
Fig. 5.3: Sensor dimensions ILD 1800/1801-500
(not to scale)
Fig. 5.4: Sensor dimensions ILD 1810/1811-50
(not to scale)
The sensor is mounted by
means of 3 screws type M5.
laser on
state
nach DIN EN 60825-1 03.97
35
(1.38)
17.5
(.69)
3 Mounting holes
ø4.5 mm (.2DIA)
75 (2.95)
40 (1.57)
70 (2.76)
80 (3.15)
18.5 (.73)
130 (5.12)
140 (5.51)
15
(.59)
5 (.20)
150 (5.91)
Laser spot
nachDIN EN60825-1:2001-11
66 (2.60)
24 (.94)
48 (1.89)
122 (4.80)
85 (3.35)
157.4 (6.20)
5 (.20)
5 (.20)
3 Mounting holes
ø6 mm (.24DIA)
Laser spot
ø5 (.20)
free
ø30 (1.18)
free
14 (.55)
161 (6.34)
200 (7.87)
195 (7.68)
100 (3.94)
71 (2.80)
78 (3.07)
83 (3.27)
90 (3.54)

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 14
Fig. 5.5: Dimensions of the
controller 1800/1801
with mounting angle (not to scale)
Installation
5.2 Mounting of the Controller
The controller is mounted by means of 4 screws type M4 DIN 84. When mounting the
controller keep the LED displays free for watching.
rellortnoC 1L 2L 3L
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1081 )6.11(592 )48.9(052 )7.01(5.272
ø4.5
(.18)
154 (6.06)
36.5
(1.44) 100 (3.94)
173 (6.81)
22.5
(.89)
L2
L1
L3
1
(.04)
56 (2.20)
Mounting angle

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 15
Installation
DANGER!
Do not open the controller
1801! Danger of injury
through mains voltage.
5.3 Mains Fuse Controller 1801
The rear side of the controller contains the mains input, mains filter, line switch and the
mains fuse (see Fig. 5.5).
Changing the mains fuse:
- Remove the AC power line
- Open the fuse box using a screw driver
- Reverse the fuse box about 90 °
- Change the mains fuse
- Close the fuse box
- Connect the AC power line
Use mains fuse ot the type T 1A (slow) for 250 V.
Fig. 5.6: Rear view of the controller 1801
5.4 Cable Demands
Power supply:
Controller 1800:
• 24 VDC (±15 %, max. 500 mA)
• Screened cable, screen connected with the plug body
• Connect the screen of the supply cable with the safety earth conductor
Controller 1801 (integral power supply):
• Mains voltage: 100 ... 240 V AC; 50 - 60 Hz
• Use AC power line with safety earth conductor only!
Voltage output:
• Max. length 10 m (32 ft), the electromagnetic field may cause measurement
uncertainty on the signal if you work with cables longer then 10 m (32 ft).
MICRO-EPSILON recommends to terminate the end of the cable with 10 nF
to avoid noise voltages.
• Twisted wires
• Screened cable, screen connected with the plug body
• Connect the screen with the safety earth conductor
Error output and synchronization:
• Twisted wires
• Screened cable, screen connected with the plug body

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 16
i
IMPORTANT!
When commissioning
please observe the notes
on the laser class in chap.
2.
Operate sensor and
controller only with the
same serial number.
6. Measuring Setup and Commissioning
6.1 Getting Ready for Operation
Install sensor and controller according to the mounting options (chap. 5). Interconnect
sensor and controller with the sensor cable. Interconnect the controller output with
display or signal processing electronics. Connect the power cable to the controller.
The laser is off if pin 4 and 17 are not connected on the D-Sub connector.
Switch on the power supply voltage (24 VDC) or switch on the line switch on the rear
side if you use the controller 1801. The LED “power” (see Fig. 6.1) signals the existance
of the operating voltage.
Sensor and controller need a warm-up time for reliable measurements of 20 minutes.
6.2 Control and Display Elements on the Controller
The front panel of the controller contains the "zero/reset" and "avg" keys as well as the
LEDs "state", "power", "avg1" and "avg2" (see Fig. 6.1).
The key "zero/reset" sets the analog output to 0 V. Press the "zero/reset" key longer
than 5 sec. to return to the initial value. See also Chap. 6.4.
The "avg" key is used to change the averaging numbers in the controller. The LED's
"avg1" and "avg2" display the selected number of averaging. See also Chap. 6.3.
If a well reflecting target, e. g. a white paper, is positioned within the measuring range
the LED “state” is active (green, yellow or red):
green --> Measurement is okay
yellow --> Target in mid range
red --> Target out of range, unfit or no object
Fig. 6.1: Front view controller
Measuring Setup and Commissioning
in/out
avg
zero
reset
power
state
sensor
avg 2
avg 3
avg 1
ILD1800

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 17
Fig. 6.2: Top view Controller
6.3 Average Setting
The controller is supplied ex factory with the default setting „moving averaging, number
of averaging N = 1“ (no averaging activated). Averaging has no effect on linearity.
The controller is capable of the following different averaging methods:
- Moving average
- Recursive average
- Median
The purpose of averaging is to:
- Improve the resolution
- Eliminate signal spikes
- „Smooth out“ the signal.
Measuring Setup and Commissioning
i
IMPORTANT!
The preset average type
and the number of
averaging are saved after
switching off.
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MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 18
Measuring Setup and Commissioning
6.3.1 Averaging Number N
The number of averaging N indicates the number of successive measurement values for
which averages are to be generated before the measured values are to be output. You
select the averaging count by pressing the AVG key1.
Tab. 6.1 Setting the averaging number
The selected number of averaging is indicated by the LEDs “AVG1” and “AVG2” (See
Tab. 6.1). Once selected the averaging count remains saved after switching off. After
completion of the measuring cycle (every 0.2 ms for a measuring frequency of 5 kHz
and every 0.4 ms for a measuring frequency of 2.5 kHz) the internal average is
calculated again and outputted. For digital outputs, averaging has no effect on the
measuring frequency/data frequency.
Further numbers of averaging can be programmed using the digital interface, as
described in Chapter 8.
Pressing and holding (> 5 secs) the Zero/Reset key will set the number of averaging to
N = 1 (for the median N = 3).
1) When the number of averaging is changed, an error will continue to be sent until the
required number of measurement values for the selected averaging count have been
reached (logged). For the optoNCDT1800/1801 and a number of averaging of 128, the
maximum time required is 26 ms (128 x 0.2 ms = 25.6 ms)
edomgnigarevA gnigarevAforebmuN DEL sutatS
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3
1GVA
2GVA
FFO
FFO
gnivoM
evisruceR
naideM
4
4
5
1GVA
2GVA
NO
FFO
gnivoM
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naideM
23
23
7
1GVA
2GVA
FFO
NO
gnivoM
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821
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1GVA
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NO
NO

MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 19
6.3.2 Averaging Type
• Press the AVG key on the controller
• Switch on the controller.
The various averaging types are indicated by the LEDs “AVG1” and “AVG2” for a period
of 1 sec after switching on the controller.
Tab. 6.2: Selecting the averaging type during the controller is booted
• Release the AVG key if the required averaging type is displayed.
The averaging mode is then saved. For verification purposes the selected combination
(avg1/avg2) will flash again for a moment. Following this the controller will start up
(boot) as normal, indicated by the momentary illumination of the other LEDs. The
controller is then ready in measuring mode with the selected averaging type.
When the controller is switched on again the next time, the last selected averaging
method will be indicated during booting by the momentary illumination of the LEDs
“AVG1” and “AVG2”:
Tab. 6.3: LEDs display the averaging type during booting
in/out
avg
zero
reset
avg 1
avg 2
avg 3
Front view controller
Measuring Setup and Commissioning
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MICRO-EPSILON
optoNCDT1800, 1801 20
Measuring Setup and Commissioning
6.3.2.1 Moving Average (Default Setting)
The selected number N of successive measurement values (window width) is used
to generate the arithmetic average value Mgl on the basis of the following
formula:
Each new measurement value is added and the first (oldest) measurement value
from the averaging process (from the window) taken out again. This results in
short transient recovery times for jumps in measurement values.
Example: N = 4
The first average value is outputted when N measurement values have been
reached. The output frequency stays constant at 5 kHz/2.5 kHz for the measuring
range of 500 mm. Standard values for N: 1, 4, 32, 128 (window width).
6.3.2.2 Recursive Average
Each new measurement value MW(n) is added, as a weighted value, to the sum
of the previous measurement values Mrek (n-1).
The recursive average permits a high degree of smoothing of the measurement
values. However, it requires extremely long transient recovery times for steps in
measurement values. The recursive average shows low-pass behaviour.
The output frequency stays constant at 5 kHz / 2.5 kHz for the measuring range
of 500 mm. Standard values for N: 1, 4, 32, 128 (window width).
MW (k)
6
k=1
N
N
M =
gl
MW = Measurement value
N = Number of averaging
k = Running index
Mgl = Average value or output value
Measurement
values
… 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3
2+2+1+3
4 = Mgl (n)
… 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4
2+1+3+4
4 = Mgl (n+1) Output value
MW = Measurement value
N = Number of averaging
n = Measurement value index
Mrek = Average value or output value
MW + (N-1) x M (n) (n-1)
N
M =
(n)
rek rek