Miller MTL-17 User manual

Millerfi
January
1994
Form:
OM-1563B
Effective
With
Style
No.
KB-8
OWNERS
MANUAL
MTL-1
7
Torches
~'
F'~~
r.
Read
and
follow
these
instructions
and
all
safety
blocks
carefully.

Have
only
trained and
qualified
persons
install,
operate,
or
service this
unit.

Give
this
manual
to
the
operator.
~
.

For
help,
call
your
distributor

or:
MILLER
Electric
Mfg.
Co.,
P.O.
Box
1079,
Appleton,
WI
54912
414-734-9821

Call
your
distributor
if
you
do
not
understand
the
directions.

Air-Cooled Torches For GTAW
Welding
 Rated At
150
Amperes
100%
Duty Cycle
Using
Argon
Shielding
Gas

.020
Thru
1/8 in
(0.5
Thru 3.2
mm)
Tungsten
Size
Capacity

Includes 12-1/2
Or
25
ft
(3.8
or
7.6
m)
Cable

Remote Contactor
And
Current Control
Available

Tungsten
Electrode And Some Torch
Parts
Needed
cover
7/93

ST-120
869
'
1993
MILLER
Electric
Mig.
co.
PRINTED
IN
USA

MILLERS
TRUE BLU
ETM
LIMITED
WARRANTY
Effective
January
1.1992
(Equipment
with
a
serial
number
preface
of
KC
or
newer)
This
Limited
warranty
suoersedes
all
previous
MILLER
warranties
and
is
exclusive
with
ire
other
gualantees
Or
warlantres
expressed
or
implied
:I~I
LIMITED
WARRANTY

Sub~ect
to
the
terms
and
conditions
below. MILLER Electric
MIp
Co
Appleton
Wisconsin
warrants
to its
original
retail
osrchaser
that
new
MILLER
equipment
sold alter
the
ehectine
dale
Cl this limited
warranty
is tree
Cl
de
feels
ir
m,rteriLtl
rd
wnrknrannhip
at
the
time
it
is
shipped by
MILLER THIS
WAR.
PANTS
IS
b\PPESSLX
IN
LIEU
OF
ALL
OTHER WARRANTIFS EXPRESS
OR
l,tpI
lED
INCLUDING
THE WARRANTIES OP
MERCHANTAITILITY
AND
FIT.
NESS
Within the
warrants aerinds
listed
below
MILLER
will
ypair
or
replace
any
war
ranted
parts
oi
comooirents
that
laI
due
to
such
defects
in
material
or
wprbmansnio
stIllER
must
be notified
in
writing
within
thirty
130)
days
ol such
defect
or
lailure.
at
which
me
MILLER
will
pronide
instructions
on
the
warranty
claim
procedures
to
be
tollowelt
MILLER
un.~fI
honor
wariants
claims
on warranted
eQuipment
listed
below
in
the
event
ar
such
a
Inure
withn
the
warranty
time
periods
All
warranty
time
periods
start
on
the
ante
that
the
equipment
was delisered
to
the
original
retail
purchaser
or
one veil
ahni
the
edsioment
is
sent to
the distributor
ears
Pt-tv
t
Vnii5
Lapor
2 -a-s
ii
.iint
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Power
Sources
Pacr,,r
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Sources
Sn
Avtcrnat~c
and
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3
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-rain
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5
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SOY
Transcrrrers
Runnino
Gear Trailers
F.e.c
flommns
NOTE
meId
c.ptions
are
covereo
unoen
True Blue
or
the
remaining
viarranty
perod
of
the
product
they
are
installed
in
or
for
a
minimum
ol
onn
year
nhichever
is
greater
I
Months
.
Batteries
90
Days
Parts
and
Labor
taIG
OvnhiTIG
Torches

asnr,t
Cuimro
Torches
Remote
Controls
Accessory
Kits
Replacement
Parts
MILLERS
f-ire
Blue
Limited
Warranty
snaIl
not
apply
to
items
tsrnrshed
by
MILLER
but
manslactsred
by
others
ssch
as
engines
or
trade
accessories
These items
are cosered
by
the
manufacturers
warranty,
it
any
2
Consumable
components.
ssch
as
contact
tips,
cutting
noodles,
contactors
and
relaes
or
p~rt~
that
fail due
to
normal
wear
3
Eaumpment
that
has been
moditied
by
any
party
other
than
MtLLER
or
equip.
menl
that
nas
been
improperly
installed
improperly
operated Pr
misused
based
upon
industry
standards.
or
equipment
which has
npt
had reasonable
arid
necessary
maintenance,
or
edsrpment
which
has been
used
tot
oseratron
outside
o~ the
nqecrticatrons
ICr the
eqsrpmenr
MIILEP
POOUCTS
ARE
INTENDED FOR
PURCHASE AND
USE
BYCOMMEP.
CISL
t4DUSTRIAL
USES
AND
ERSONS
cOAINED AND
EXEEPiENCED
N
THy
ICE
AND
MAINTENANCE
OF
WELDING
EQUIPMENT
In
the
njent
o~
a
warranty
claim
covered
by
this
warranty
Inn
esclvsm:e
nmedies
ynaS
on
at
tILLER
S
option
Ill
repair
or
21
replacement,
or
where authorized
.0
writing
W
MILLER in
apprspria(e cases.
13)
the
reasonable cost
of
repair
or
replace
ment at
an
autaorized
MILLER
sernrce
station,
or tat
payment
of
or
credit for ne
pur
chase
price
less
reasorrabledepreciation
based
soon
actual
asel
upon
return
of the
goods
Al
csstomer
a
risk
and
espense
MILLERS
oplion
ot
epair
or
replacement
will
ye
~O
B
Pactory
at
Appleton
Wisconsin
or
P0
B
at
a
MILLER
asthonoed
ser.
ice
acmlil,
an
cntn-mmind Pu
MILLER
Thnrelorn
no
comcnnsat.on
Tr rnmmpsrse
0
i,lnspOrtatmcn
costs
of
any
~ind
will
be
sllnwed
00
F
E.,~yrtT
PEAMIOTED
Wi
0LV
cuE PE.IEDIES
500i,iDEC
FOCI,
APE
c,y
SOI,E AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES
IN
NO EVENT
SALL
MILLER BE
LIABLE
OP
DIRECT
INDIRECT
SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGPS
INCLUDING
LOSS OP
PRDFITI
WHETHER
BASED
ON
CON
TPACT TORT OR
ANY
OTHER LEGAL
THEORY
AN0
~~~ES
.TARPANTr
NOT 000VIDED
HEPEIN AND
ANV
IMPLIED
NAP.
cANT. 0~AA,. ILO
APOPESENTATION
A5
TO
EOPOAMANCE
AND
ANS
E,IED ~QP
PREACH CF COtITPACT OpT OP
ANN
OTHER
LEGAL
THEC1Pr
WHICH
BUT FOB
THIS ROVISION
MIGHT
ARISE
Es
IMPLICATION
OPERATION OP
LAW
CUSTOM
OP
TRADE
OR COURSE
OP
DEALING.
IN
CLUDING
ANY
IMPLIED
WARRANTY
OP MERCHANTABILITY
OR
PITNESS
FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE
WITH
RESPECT
TO
ANY
AND
ALL
EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED BY MILLER IS
EXCLUDED
AND DISCLAIMED BY
MILLER
Somn
statna
n
ne
U
S
A
AP
nor
allow
limitations cI
bow
lone
an
implied
warranty
lasts
or
the
exclusion
CI
incidental
indirect,
special
or
consequential
damages.
so
the aPove
limitation
or
exclusion
may
not
apply
to
you
Thi5
warranty
provides
spe
cific
tngal
rights, and
other
rights may
be
available.
Out
may
vary
1rpm
stale
to state
In
Canada.
legislation
in
some
prosinces
prqsrdes or
certain
additional
warrantIes
or
remedies other
than
as
stated herein,
and
to
the
extent
that
they
may
not
be
waived
the
limitations
and exclusions
set
oat
abose
may
not
apply
This
Lrmrted
Warranty
provides specilrc
legal
rights
and other
rights
may
be
anarlable. but
may
-5r
l-sm
province to
ptosmece
I
RECEIVING-HANDLING
Before
unpacking
equipment,
check
carton
for
any
damage
that
may
haMe
occurred
during
shipment.
File
any
claims
for
loss
or
damage
with
the
delivering
carrier
Assistance
for
filing
or
settling
claims
may
be obtained
from
distributor
and/or
equipment
manufacturers
Transportation Department.
When
requesting
information about this
equipment,
always
provide
Model
Designation
and
Serial
or
Style
Number.
Use
the
folloWing
spaces
to
record
Model
Designation
and
Serial
or
Style
Number
of
your
unit.
The Information
is
tocafed
on
the
rating
label
or
nameplate
Model
__________
Serial
or
Style
No.
Date
of
Purchase
miller
9i93

SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
FOR
GTAW
TORCHES
ELECTRIC SHOCK
can
kill.
1.
Always
wear
dry
insulating
gloves.
2. Insulate
yourself
from
work and
ground.
3.
Do
not
touch
live electrode
or
electrical
parts.
4.
Repair
or
replace
worn,
damaged,
or
cracked
torch
or
cable
insulation.
5.
Turn
oft
welding
power
source
before
changing
tungsten
electrode
or
torch
parts.
6.
Keep
all
covers
and
handle
securely
in
ARC RAYS
can
burn
eyes
and
skin.
1. Wear
welding
helmet
with
correct
shade
of filter.
2.
Wear
correct
eye
and
body
protection.
3.
Cover
exposed
skin.
FUMES
AND
GASES
can
be
hazardous
to
your
health.
1.
Keep
your
head
out
of
the fumes.
2.
Ventilate
area,
or use
breathing
device.
3.
Read
Material
Safety
Data Sheets
(MSDSs)
and
manufacturers instructions for material used.
WELDING
can
cause
fire
or
explosion.
1. Do not
weld
near
flammable
material.
2.
Do
not
weld
on
closed containers.
3.
Watch
for
fire;
keep
extinguisher
nearby.
HOT SURFACES
can
burn skin.
1.
Allow
torch
to
cool
before
touching.
2.
Do not
touch
hot metal.
3.
Protect
hot metal
from
contact
by
others.
NOISE
can
damage
hearing;
SOME
APPLICATIONS,
SUCH
AS
PULSING,
are
noisy.
1.
Check
for
noise
level limits
exceeding
those
specified
by
OSHA.
2.
Use
approved
ear
plugs
or
ear
muffs
if
noise
level
is
high.
3.
Warn
others
nearby
about
nos~e
hazard.
EMF
INFORMATiON
a
WARNING
GTAW
WELDING
can
be
hazardous.
PROTECT YOURSELF
AND OTHERS
FROM POSSIBLE
SERIOUS
INJURY
OR
DEATH.
KEEP CHILDREN
AWAY.
PACEMAKER WEARERS
KEEP
AWAY
UNTIL
CONSULTING
YOUR DOCTOR.
In
welding,
as
in
most
jobs,
exposure
to
certain hazards
occurs.
Welding
is
safe when
precautions
are
taken.
The
safety
information
given
below
is
only
a
summary
of the
more
complete
safety
information
found
in
the
welding
power
source
Owners Manual.
Read and follow all
safety precautions.
HAVE ALL
INSTALLATION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE,
AND
REPAIR WORK
PERFORMED
ONLY
BY
QUALIFIED
PEOPLE
______________________________
A
NOTE
~H
Considerations
About
We/ding
And
The Effects Of
Low
Frequency
Electric
And
Magnetic
Fields
The
following
is
a
quotation
from
the
General
Conclusions
Section
of
the
U.S.
Congress,
Office
of
Technology
Assessment,
Biological
Effects
of Power
Frequency
Electric
&
Magnetic
Fields

Background
Paper,
OTA-BP-E-53
(Washington,
DC:
U.S.
Government
Printing
Office,
May
1989):. ..
there
is
now
a
very
large
volume
of
scientific
findings
based
on
experiments
at
the
cellular
level
and from studies with
animals
and
people
which
clearly
establish that
low
frequency
magnetic
fields
can
interact
with,
and
produce
changes
in,
biological
systems.
While
most
of this
work
is
of
very
high
quality,
the results
are
complex.
Current scientific
understanding
does
not
yet
allow
us
to
interpret
the
evidence
in
a
single
coherent
framework. Even
more
frustrating,
it
does
not
yet
allow
us
to
draw
definite conclusions
about
questions
of
possible
risk
or
to offer clear science-based advice
on
strategies
to
minimize
or
avoid
potential
risks.
To
reduce
magnetic
fields
in
the
workplace,
use
the
following
procedures:
1.
Keep
cables close
together
by
twisting
or
taping
them.
2.
Arrange
cables
to
one
side
and
away
from the
operator.
3.
Do
not
coil
or
drape
cables
around the
body.
4.
Keep
welding
power
source
and cables
as
far
away
as
practical.
5.
Connect
work
clamp
to
workpiece
as
close
to
the
weld
as
possible.
About
Pacemakers;
The
above
procedures
are
among
those also
normally
recommended
for
pacemaker
wearers.
Consult
your
doctor
for
complete
information.
modlo,1
4/93
5t6
7/93

TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
SECTION
1
-
SAFETY INFORMATION
.
1
SECTION
2-
SPECIFICATIONS
2-1.
Duty
Cycle
2
SECTION
3-
INSTALLATION
&
OPERATION
3-1.
Required
Torch
Parts
And
Torch
Assembly
2
3-2.
Adjusting
Flex-Lok
Head
3
3-3.
Connecting
Torch
4
SECTION
4-
MAINTENANCE
&
TROUBLESHOOTING
5
SECTION
5
TUNGSTEN
ELECTRODE
5-1.
Selecting
Tungsten
Electrode
6
5-2.
Preparing Tungsten
7
SECTION
6
PARTS
LIST
Figure
6-1.
Complete
Torch
Assembly
8
Figure
6-2. Consumable
Parts
9
Table
6-1.
Cross
Reference to
Competitive
Model
10
OM-15636

1/94

SECTION 1
-
SAFETY
INFORMATION
Figure
1-1.
Safety
Information
SECTION
2-
SPECIFICATIONS
Table
2-1.
Welding
Torch
modl.t
2.93
Specification
Description
Model
Description
MT:
Miller
Torch;
L:
Flex
Lok;
17:
150
Ampere
Rating;
V:
Gas
Valve 12:12-1/2
ft(3.8
m)
Cable;
25:
25
ft
(7.6
m)
Cable;
1:
One-Piece Cable
Example:
MTL-17-12

Miller
Torch;
Flex
Lok;
150
Ampere
Rating;
12-1/2
ft
(3.8
m);
One-Piece
Cable
Ampere
Rating
At 100%
Duty
Cycle
DCEN,
ACHF
150
Amperes
Using
Argon
Gas
Cooling
Method Air
Cooling
Tungsten
Size
Capacity
.020
Thru
1/8
in
(0.5
Thru 3.2
mm)
Options
And
Accessories
Total
Weight
.
Torch
Body
Dimensions
And
Weight
See
Rear
Cover
12-1/2
ft
(3.8
m)
Cable
25
ft
(7.6
m)
Cable
12-1/2
ft
(3.8
m)
Cable With Gas
Valve
25 ft
(7.6 m)
Cable
With Gas
Valve~
Net:
25
Ib(1.1
kg);
Ship:
3
lb
(1.4
kg)
Net:
4.5
lb(2
kg);
Ship:
5 lb
(2.3
kg)
Net: 2.5
lb(1.1
kg);
Ship:
3
lb
(1.4
kg)
Net: 5
lb(2.3
kg);
Ship:
5 lb
(2.3
kg)
Length:
8
in
(203
mm);
Handle
Diameter: 3/4
in
(19 mm)
Weight:
5.6
oz
(160 g)
Length:
8-3/4
in
(222 mm);
Handle
Diameter: 7/8
in
(23 mm);
Weight:
7.5
oz
(210 g)

Read
all
safety
messages
throughout
this
manual.

Obey
all
safety
messages
to
avoid
injury.

Learn
the
meaning
of WARNING
and
CAUTION.
1
2
\
2
\~
a
CAUTION
_______
3
_______
L
~
ELECTRIC SHOCK
can
kill.
MOVING PARTS
can
injure.
I

Do
not
touch
live
electrical
parts.
+1

Keep
away
trom
moving parts.

Disconnect
input
power
beforejj_
~

Keep
all
panels
and
covers
closed
I
installing
or
servicing.
when
operating.
I
/
5
6
a
WARNING
READ
SAFETY
BLOCKS
at start of
SectIon
3-1
before
proceeding.
1
Safety
Alert
Symbol
2
Signal
Word
WARNING
means
possible
death
or
serious
injury
can
happen.
CAUTION
means
possible
minor
injury
or
equipment
damage
can
happen.
3
Statement
Of
Hazard
And
Result
4
Safety
Instructions To
Avoid
Hazard
5
Hazard
Symbol
(If
Available)
6
Safety
Banner
Read
safety
blocks
for
each
sym
bol
shown.
7
NOTE
Special
instructions for best
oper
ation

not
related
to
safety.
H
NOTE
~
Turn
Off switch
when
using
high
frequency.
OM-1563
Page
1

2-1.
Duty
Cycle
Obtain
the
following
parts
(see
Section
6):
1
Tungsten
Electrode
(See
Section
5)
2
Cup
3
Collet
Body
4
Standard Collet
5
Reverse Collet
Reverse
collet
improves
electrical
contact
of
tungsten
electrode.
6
Power Cable
Adapter
Assembling
Torch
Body
7
Flex-Lok
Head
8 Heat
Shield
9
Backcap
(Short
Backcap
Shown)
10
0-Ring
Installing Tungsten
To
adjust
tungsten
position,
loosen
backcap.
5Keep
connections
tight.
Replace
cup,
heat
shield,
backcap,
and
0-rings
f
cracked.
Installing
Tungsten
-~
ST-800
486
Figure
3-1.
Required
Torch Parts And Torch
Assembly
a
CAUTIONS
WELDING
LONGER THAN
RATED DUTY
CYCLE
can
damage
torch and void
warranty.

Do
not
weld
at
rated load
longer
than shown below.
wfwarn8.1~ 8/93
0
Definition
Duty
Cycle
is
percentage
of 10
-
10
rated load without
overheating.
minutes
that
torch
can
weld
at
Minutes
100% D
uty
Cycle
At 150
Amperes
Using Argo
Continuous
Welding
n
Gas
sb1.5~
8/93
Figure
2-1.
Duty
Cycle
SECTION
3-
INSTALLATION
&
OPERATION
3-1.
Required
Torch Parts
And
Torch
Assembly
Required
Torch
Parts
4
3
Assembling
Torch Parts
7
3
-~
10
OR
~-
Loosen
Tighten
OM-1563
Page
2

3-2.
Adjusting
Flex-Lok
Head
CAUTION
TOOLS
can
damage
torch.

Do
not
use
hand
tools
to
adjust
torch
flex-bk
head.
Hold
stem
and
turn
head
one
lull
turn.
1
Head
Adjusting
Stem
2
Head
Turn
head and
stem
to
desired
angle.
Figure
3-2.
Adjusting
Flex-Lok
Head
ST-~42
083.A
~1~
Hold
stem and
turn
head
until
tight.
OM-1563
Page
3

3-3.
Connecting
Torch
~
~
~
READ SAFETY
BLOCKS
at
beginning
4jj~1
~
of
manual
before
proceeding.
BUILDUP
OF SHIELDING
GAS
can
harm health
or
kill.
0
Shut off
shielding
gas
supply
when
not
in
use.
warnl.1
9/91
Turn
Off
welding
power
source,
and
If
applicable.
install
high-frequency
unit,
disconnect
input
power
before
in
stalling
torch.
Obtain
the
following
hose:
Torch With
Gas
Valve
1
Gas
Hose
With
5/8-18
Right-
Hand
Fittings
Connections:
2
Regulator/Flowmeter
3
Gas
Cylinder
4
Welding
Power
Source
5
Gas
Valve
6
Torch Cable
7
Power Cable
Adapter
Connect
hose
and
cable
to
adapter
before
connecting
adapter
to
weld
output
terminal.
8
Work
Clamp
Connect
work
clamp
to
clean,
paint-
free location
on
workpiece.
as
close
to
weld
area
as
possible.
Use
wire brush
or
sandpaper
to
clean metal
at
weld
joint
area.
Operating
Torch Gas
Valve:
Valve controls
gas
preflow
and
post
flow. Preflow
aids
arc
starting.
Pre
low and
postflow
prevent
electrode
from
forming
a
black surface
(oxidizing).
Open
valve
just
before
welding.
Turn
valve clockwise 1/4
turn to
open,
and counterclockwise 1/4
turn
to
close.
________
After
welding,
leave
valve
open
about 10 seconds
for
every
100
amperes
of
weld
current.
Close
valve
when
postflow
is
finished.
3
Tools
Needed:
~
5/8,
7/8
in
sT-BOO
487
Torch Without Gas Valve
8
Figure
3-3.
Connecting
Torch
OM-1563
Page
4

SECTION
4
MAINTENANCE
&
TROUBLESHOOTING
4..
~.
~
V~
~
READSAF
of manual
ETYBLOCKSatbeginning
before
proceeding.
Figure
4-1.
Maintenance
Schedule
Table
4-1.
Troubleshooting
N
OTE
1
Before
using
troubleshooting
table,
check
selection and
preparation
of
tungsten
electrode
according
to
Section
5.
Trouble
Remedy
Lack
of high
frequency~
difficulty
in
establishing
 

~
Check
cables and
torch
for
cracks
or
bad
connections.
Be
sure
that
torch
cables
arc.
Torch
gas
valve
not
working
properly


-~
are
not
close
to
any
grounded
metal.
Repair
or
replace
necessary
parts.
Check
welding power
source
high
frequency
control.
and
if
necessary.
check
and
adjust spark
gaps.
Have
Factory
Authorized
Service
Station/Service
Distributor
check
valve.
(if applicable).
Wandering
arc

poor
control
of
direction
of
arc.
~


-..j
Reduce
gas
flow
rate.
Tungsten
electrode
oxidizing
and
not
remaining



-~
Shield
weld
zone
from
drafts.
Check
and
tighten
all
gas
fittings.
bright
after conclusion
of
weld.
Increase
postflow
time.
Check
gas
valve.
Turn
Off
all
power
before
maintaining.
~~Replace
Cracked
Parts
3-1,
3-3
Torch
Body
Gas
Hose
Torch
Cable
.
OM-1563
Page
5

SECTION
5-
TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE
mod2.
I
3/93
NOTE
~
Foradditional
information,
see
your
distributor fora
handbook
on
the Gas
Tungsten
I
Arc
Welding
(GTAW)
process.
Wear
clean
gloves
to
prevent
contamination
of
tungsten
electrode.
5-1.
Selecting
Tungsten
Electrode
Table
5-1.
Tungsten
Size
Electrode Diameter
Amperage
Range.
Gas
Type,
-
Polarity
DC

Argon

Electrode
DC

Argon

Electrode AC

Argon

Using
AC

Argon

Balanced
Negative/Straight
Polarity
Positive/Reverse
Polarity High
Frequency
Wave
Using High Freq.
Pure
Tungsten
(Green
Band)
-
.010,
Up
to
15
.
Uptol5
UptolO
.020
5-20
5-20
10-20
.040
15-80
10-60
20-30
1/16
70-150 10-20
50-100 30-80
3/32
1/8
125-225
15-30
100-160
60-130
225-360
25-40
150-210
100-180
5/32
360450
4055
200275
160:240
3/16
450-720
.
55-80
250-350
190-300
1/4
720-950
80-125
325-450
250-400
2%
Thorium
Alloyed
Tungsten
(Red Band)
010
Up
to 25
.
Up
to
20
Up
to
15
.020
15-40
.
15-35
5-20
.040
25-85
.
*
20-80 20-60
1/16
50-160
10-20
50-150 60-120
3/32
135-235
15-30
130-250
100-180
1/8
250-400
25-40
225-360
160-250
5/32
400-500 40-55
300-450 200-320
3/16
500-750
55-80 400-500 290-390
1/4
750-1000
80-125
600-800
340-525
Zirconium
Alloyed
Tungsten
(Brown Band)
.010
Upto2O
Uptol5
.020
15-35 5-20
.040

20-80 20-60
1/16
50-150
60-120
3/32

130-250 100-180
1/8
225-360
160-250
5/32
300-450
200-320
3/16

400-550 290-390
1/4
.
600-800
340-525

Typical
argon
shielding
gas
flow
rates
are
15
to
35
cfh
(cubic
feet
per
hour),
Not
Recommended.
The
figures
listed
are
intended
as a
guide
and
are
a
composite
of
recommendations
from
American
Welding
Society
(AWS)
and
electrode
manufacturers.
S-0009
OM-1563
Page
6