MIP LM 3188 User manual

22.05.2013
MIP LASER DUST MONITOR LM 3188
USER’S MANUAL
Marked for following units.
Monitor Unit 3188799
Transmitter Unit: L956(LM)
Receiver Unit: R815(LM)
Range: 0…1.0D ( mg /m3)
Options: - Universal power
Please note that Monitor unit test cards are end of manual.

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CONTENTS
CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................2
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................4
1.1 ADVANTAGES AND FEATURES....................................................................................4
1.2 DIFFERENT LASER MODELS .........................................................................................5
1.3 APPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENT LASER MODELS....................................................6
2. THEORY OF OPERATION .................................................................................................6
2.1 OPACITY DEFINITION.....................................................................................................7
2.2 D-VALUE DEFINITION ....................................................................................................7
2.3 MASS-VALUE DEFINITION ............................................................................................7
3. INTRODUCTION OF LASER DUST MONITOR LM 3188.................................................9
3.1 CONTROLS, DISPLAYS AND SETTINGS ....................................................................10
3.1.1 Indicating meter [1]...............................................................................................10
3.1.2 Range selector [2].................................................................................................10
3.1.3 Zero set screw [3]..................................................................................................11
3.1.4 Alarm test button [4].............................................................................................11
3.1.5 Alarm set screw [5]...............................................................................................11
3.1.6 Alarm indicator lamp [6]......................................................................................11
3.1.7 Calibration screw [7] ............................................................................................11
3.1.8 Mass calibration screw (LCD cal) [8]...............................................................11
3.1.9 Digital LCD-display [9].........................................................................................11
3.1.10 Power indicator lamp [10]...................................................................................11
4. INSTALLATION AND CALIBRATION............................................................................12
4.1. INSTALLATION...............................................................................................................12
4.2 CALIBRATION.................................................................................................................15
4.2.1 Filter set for the dust monitors instructions for the use............................16
4.2.2 Mass calibration....................................................................................................16
4.2.3 Output check..........................................................................................................16
4.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM.............................................................................18
5. SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................................................19
6. WARRANTY CERTIFICATE.................................................................................................20
7. MANUFACTURER´S CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMANCE TO EC-LABELLING
PROCEDURE..................................................................................................................................22
8. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN...................................................................................................23
APPENDIX 1: MONITOR UNIT M 318 MECH. DRAWING.....................................................24
APPENDIX 2: RECEIVER UNIT R318 MECH. DRAWING.....................................................25
APPENDIX 3: RECEIVER UNIT R318 MECH. DRAWING.....................................................26
APPENDIX 4: RECEIVER UNIT R318 MECH. DRAWING.....................................................27
APPENDIX 5: RECEIVER UNIT R318 MECH. DRAWING.....................................................28

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APPENDIX 6: TRANSMITTER UNIT L318 MECH. DRAWING .............................................29
APPENDIX 7: TRANSMITTER UNIT L318 MECH. DRAWING .............................................30
APPENDIX 8: TRANSMITTER UNIT L318 MECH. DRAWING .............................................31
APPENDIX 9: LASER UNIT L 318 PCB-LAYOUT...................................................................32
APPENDIX 10: RECEIVER UNIT R 318 PCB-LAYOUT.........................................................33
APPENDIX 11: LM 3188 WIRING ...............................................................................................34
APPENDIX 12: LM 3188 WIRING; UNIVERSAL POWER OPTION.....................................35
APPENDIX 13: INSTALLATION EXAMPLES...........................................................................37
APPENDIX 14 : INSTALLATION.................................................................................................39
APPENDIX 15: MATING FLANGE EXAMPLES.......................................................................40
APPENDIX 16: MATING FLANGE ADAPTERS.......................................................................41

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ADVANTAGES AND FEATURES
During the recent years the mass production of different types of lasers has made them eco-
nomically viable products for a broad range of applications, dust monitors among others.
There are two main families of lasers:
Gas lasers, notably Helium-Neon (He-Ne) lasers are available in compact design in-
cluding their hi-voltage power source
Newer Semiconductor lasers today with red, visible beam and with added benefit of
integral power monitoring diode
There are major benefits from using a laser light source whose main features are given be-
low:
Very compact beam. The intense light beam of the laser is typically only a few millimeters
thick. This means that only small holes (10 … 50 mm) are needed in the stack which
simplifies the installation
Good stability and long life. In contrast to designs that use more traditional light bulbs,
which need constant compensation, the laser source is relatively immune to aging ef-
fect. The typical self-life of gas laser is 3 years, and up to 10 years for semiconductor
units. When gas laser fails it is easy to notice as it begins to flicker, much like a fluo-
rescent tube.
Relatively high intensity. Because the laser light power is concentrated at small area, it can
penetrate higher dust densities than conventional light sources.
Operation with known clearly defined wavelength. This makes the theoretical calculations
and their results more predictable as opposed to conventional sources that operate
over broad range of wavelengths and whose spectrum changes with age.
Finally, we would like to mention also our latest light source, the superbright LED that has
many laser-like features. It offers an economic alternative to “real” lasers in some applica-
tions. These superleds are very recent developments and offer the highest recorded output
power of LED-lamps. The radiation happens with very narrow wavelength range, around 640
nm (red) and concentrates on a small cone (4). Our novel stabilizing scheme makes these
superleds fully compatible with semiconductor lasers in the short distance measurements
(<2m).

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1.2 DIFFERENT LASER MODELS
There are currently several different laser dust monitors available from MIP.
Gas laser LM 3086, Semiconductor model LM 3188 and Superled model LX 3188.
The basic models are LM 3086 and LM 3188. Both models function with the same principle
measuring directly laser light extinction as optical density. Here is how they differ from each
other:
Model
LM 3086
LM 3188
Technology
Helium-Neon laser
Semiconductor laser
Wavelength
633nm, visible
655 nm, visible
Size ( source )
Weather-proof camera housing
(600*240*170)
Much smaller housing
(145*125*80)
Range
0…0,1 D; 0…0,3 D;
0…1.0 D; 0…3.0 D
0…0,03 D; 0…0,1 D;
0…0,3 D; 0…1,0 D
Beam modulation
None (option: mechanical )
Electronic
Mass density
Optional 0…20g/m3
Digital LCD 0…2g/m3
There are further developments from these basic models available as well. Models with au-
tomatic zero/calibration (LM 3188AZL/AZH, LM 3195 and LM 3086EPA3) or with integral dis-
play unit (LA 3188) are described in their own manuals.
The model LX 3188 is identical in construction with LM 3188-model but utilises the new
superled source (640nm) as described earlier.
The complete laser instrument includes three parts: the source unit, the receiver unit and the
monitor unit. As these are separately available as spare parts, each of these have their own
type marking. The following gives the complete list of units with their differencies from each
other:
1) The laser source units
L 308
Red, He-Ne gas laser
LM 3086
L 318
Red, Electr.mod. semiconductor laser
LM 3188
L 318AZL/AZH
Red, Chopped semiconductor laser
LM 3188AZL/AZH
X 318
Red, Electr.mod. superled source
LX 3188
2) The receiver units
R 308
No additional electronics included.
LM 3086
R 318 (LM)
De-modulation electronic included.
LM 3188
R 318AZL/AZH
Sync.detection electronic included.
LM 3188AZL/AZH
R 318 (LX)
De-modulation electronic included.
LX 3188
All models have optically matched semiconductor detector with 50mm glass lens.

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3) The monitor units
M 308
Range 0…3 D
LM 3086
M 318
Range 0…1 D; LCD display 0…2g/m3
LX 3188 / LM 3188
M 318AZL
Range 0…1 D; LCD display 0…2g/m3
LM 3188AZL
M 318AZH
Range 0…3 D; LCD display 0…20g/m3
LM 3188AZH
All monitor units have analogue meter 0 … 100 % of the selected D-value scale, voltage and
current outputs as well as alarm relay. Also controls for zero, span and mass calibration (M
318) are included as well as relay limit settings.
There are some options available for larger area detectors or modified operation ranges for
basic unit. Consult factory on these options.
1.3 APPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENT LASER MODELS
The different laser types, obviously, address different applications. As a guideline following
information is based on practical installations:
LM 3086 Red, gas laser works best in relatively high-dust environment (>100mg/m3). It
has become a sort of standard in pulp mill applications, recovery boiler, lime
kilns, etc.
LM 3188 Semiconductor laser is used in relatively low-dust environment (< 1g/m3) or
where the space is limited.
LX 3188 Superled model can be used instead of LM 3188 where the measuring length
is short enough (<2m) or where the price is of primary importance.
2. THEORY OF OPERATION
When a monochromatic light beam, such as laser beam, traverses through gas that contains
particulate matter, the intensity of the beam will decrease by absorption and scattering pro-
cesses within the particle distribution. The net effect can be described by so called Lambert-
Beer law as (eq.1):
Where I0is the source intensity of laser light
I is the measured intensity at the detector
x is the length of the beam passage in particle distribution
is a constant that depends on particle diameter, laser
wavelength and any absorption process present
)*(
0x
eII
 


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2.1 OPACITY DEFINITION
Opacity is defined as the property of the stack gases to attenuate visible light due to the pres-
ence of particulate in the effluent. The amount of the attenuation depends on the concentra-
tion of the light absorbing or scattering particulate and on the length of the measuring path.
The basic definition of opacity requires that an instrument measures light intensity at the
source (Io) and light intensity at the receiver (I) after it has passed the stack effluent. The
opacity is expressed as a percent figure Op% (eq.2):
A fully transparent (clear) stack gas has the opacity of 0% and a
fully opaque gas has the opacity of 100%.
2.2 D-VALUE DEFINITION
Another concept, useful in this connection, is the optical density, D. The D-value is defined as
(eq.3):
Where I and I0are defined as earlier. It is to be noted that D-value is of general nature and
does not depend on measurement length or particle properties.
To account for many different applications and measurement set-ups the D-value as solved
from the eq. (3), is the basic quantity for the MIP-monitors. Thus the indicator range is scaled
in D-values and optical filters with known D-values are readily available to check the proper
operation of the instrument.
2.3 MASS-VALUE DEFINITION
The user is, however, normally more interested in dust or particulate concentration in terms
of mass concentration (mg/m3) than D-values. The main problem for given measurement set-
up is then to express the measured D-value, as mass concentration. Most reliable method to
do this is calibration by simultaneous gravimetric sampling and D-value measuring in differ-
ent particulate concentrations that are likely to appear in practice. Once the relation between
mg/m3- and D-values is established the problem is solved.
It is also possible to further develop theoretically the equations (1) and (3) together with sim-
ple model of particle distribution. The achieved results agree surprisingly to many real,
measured dust concentrations and gives valuable information for applicability of laser dust
measurement.
This model assumes the distribution consisting of identical particles with diameter of d and
density (mass/volume) of . Now, combining equations (1) and (3), there is a relation
between D-value and mass concentration (eq.4):
100*1%
0






 II
OP
D
II  10*
0

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Where d = particle diameter micrometers
= particle density grams/cm3
L = measurement length in dust meters
D = measured D-value optical density
M = mass concentration of dust grams/m3
This “mass formula” is valid for particle sizes from 0,7 m upwards.
LDd
M***8,0



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3. INTRODUCTION OF LASER DUST MONITOR LM 3188
Figure 1.
LM 3188 is unity, which includes transmitter, receiver and monitor. (Figure 1.) Opacity moni-
tor’s optimal use is for stack up to 20 meters. There are no moving parts, so it has minimal
maintenance. It has large operation range (0 … 90 %). Its optic need is minimum so there is
less maintenance. LM 3188 has good stability and reliability. LM 3188 has both analogue and
digital display in monitor unit. There are 4 operator selectable measuring ranges. Most of
controls and displays are included in monitor unit.
Typical applications for LM 3188 are power plants, cement factories and tunnels.
LM 3188 has excellent beam collimation (0,04 °), so user don’t need to use lenses or mirrors
in the transmitter. This makes the system reliable and simple. The alignment of the beam is
easy because the beam is narrow. Standard wavelength guarantees long-term accuracy and
stability. Analyser can be transferred to another location without factory calibration.

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3.1 CONTROLS, DISPLAYS AND SETTINGS
The faceplate of the M 318 monitor unit is pictured which is below. Controls displays and
settings are indicated by numbers
3.1.1 Indicating meter [1]
Indicating meter, which displays the %-value in selected D-range. If, for instance, the reading
is 40 % and the selected D-range is 0…0,3 D, then the measured D-value is
0,3 D 0,4 = 0,12 D.
The indication follows continuously the variation in dust concentration.
3.1.2 Range selector [2]
Range selector, which enables the user to select a proper monitoring range for various appli-
cations. Four ranges: 0 …0,03 D;0 … 0.1; 0 … 0.03 and 0… 1,0 D in D-values are available
for M 318. Ranges can be extending up to 0 … 3.0 D. The corresponding extinction (opacity)
%-values are given along the D-value ranges.