moteiv Telos User manual

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 1 of 28
Telos
Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module
Revision B : Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB
Product Description
Telos is an ultra low power wireless module
for use in sensor networks, monitoring
applications, and rapid application
prototyping. Telos leverages industry
standards like USB and IEEE 802.15.4 to
interoperate seamlessly with other devices.
By using industry standards, integrating
humidity, temperature, and light sensors,
and providing flexible interconnection with
peripherals, Telos enables a wide range of
mesh network applications. Telos Revision B is a drop-in replacement for Moteiv’s successful
Revision A design. Revision B includes increased performance, functionality, and expansion.
With TinyOS support out-of-the-box, Telos leverages emerging wireless protocols and the open
source software movement. Telos is part of a line of modules featuring on-board sensors to
increase robustness while decreasing cost and package size.
Key Features
•250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver
•Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices
•8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)
•Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and DMA Controller
•Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors
•Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light sensors
•Ultra low current consumption
•Fast wakeup from sleep (<6µs)
•Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication
•Programming and data collection via USB
•16-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector
•TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 2 of 28
Table of Contents
Module Description .......................................................................................................................3
Power ....................................................................................................................................4
Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................4
Mechanical Characteristics ...................................................................................................5
Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................6
Schematic .............................................................................................................................7
Microprocessor .............................................................................................................................9
Description ............................................................................................................................9
Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................9
PC Communication ...............................................................................................................9
Programming.......................................................................................................................10
Block Diagram.....................................................................................................................12
Radio...........................................................................................................................................13
Description ..........................................................................................................................13
Typical Operating Conditions ..............................................................................................14
Measured Output Power .....................................................................................................14
Antenna.......................................................................................................................................15
Internal Antenna..................................................................................................................15
Internal Antenna without Battery Pack ................................................................................16
Internal Antenna with Battery Pack .....................................................................................16
Radiation Pattern ................................................................................................................17
SMA Connector...................................................................................................................18
External Flash .............................................................................................................................19
Typical Operating Conditions ..............................................................................................19
Flash Hardware Write Protection ........................................................................................20
Sensors.......................................................................................................................................21
Humidity/Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................21
Light Sensors ......................................................................................................................22
Expansion Connector..........................................................................................................23
Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring.....................................................................25
General Information ....................................................................................................................26
Document History................................................................................................................26
Product Status Definitions...................................................................................................26
Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................27
Address Information ............................................................................................................28
Headquarters ......................................................................................................................28

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 3 of 28
Module Description
The Telos module is a low power “mote” with integrated sensors, radio, antenna,
microcontroller, and programming capabilities.
USB
Connector
User
Button
Reset
Button
Photosynthetically
Active Radiation
Sensor
(optional) Total Solar
Radiation
Sensor
(optional)
10-pin expansion
connector
6-pin expansion
connector
Internal
Antenna
CC2420
Radio SMA
Antenna
Connector
(optional)
Humidity
Temperature
Sensor
(optional)
USB Transmit LED
USB Receive LED
LEDs
USB
Microcontroller
Digital switch
Isolating USB from
microcontroller
JTAG
connector
USB
Connector
User
Button
Reset
Button
Photosynthetically
Active Radiation
Sensor
(optional) Total Solar
Radiation
Sensor
(optional)
10-pin expansion
connector
6-pin expansion
connector
Internal
Antenna
CC2420
Radio SMA
Antenna
Connector
(optional)
Humidity
Temperature
Sensor
(optional)
USB Transmit LED
USB Receive LED
LEDs
USB
Microcontroller
Digital switch
Isolating USB from
microcontroller
JTAG
connector
USB
Flash (2kB)
ST Code
Flash (1MB)
Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611
microcontroller
32kHz
oscillator
48-bit silicon
serial ID
2-pin SVS
connector
USB
Flash (2kB)
ST Code
Flash (1MB)
Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611
microcontroller
32kHz
oscillator
48-bit silicon
serial ID
2-pin SVS
connector
Figure 1 : Front and Back of the Telos module

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 4 of 28
Power
Telos may be powered by two AA batteries. The module was designed to fit the two AA battery
form factor. AA cells may be used in the operating range of 2.1 to 3.6V DC, however the
voltage must be at least 2.7V when programming the microcontroller flash or external flash.
If the Telos module is plugged into the USB port for programming or communication, it will
receive power from the host computer. The mote operating voltage when attached to USB is
3V. If Telos will always be attached to a USB port, no battery pack is necessary.
The 16-pin expansion connector (described in the Section on page 19) can provide power to the
module. Any of the battery terminal connections may also provide power to the module. At no
point should the input voltage exceed 3.6V—doing so may damage the microcontroller, radio, or
other components.
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage 2.1 3.6 V
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio RX 21.8 23 mA
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio TX 19.5 21 mA
Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio off 1800 2400 µA
Current Consumption: MCU idle, Radio off 54.5 1200 µA
Current Consumption: MCU standby 5.1 21.0 µA
Caution! ESD sensitive device.
Precaution should be used when handling
the device in order to prevent permanent
damage.

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 5 of 28
Mechanical Characteristics
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1 0.183 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole, do not use metal fixture
2 2.454 0.099 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole
3 2.454 1.151 Ø 0.090 Mounting hole
4 0.755 0.162 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 10-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector
5 1.099 0.163 Ø 0.066 Pin 1 of 6-pin 0.1in rect IDC connector
6 2.139 0.909 Ø 0.034 Pin 1 of 8-pin 2mm rect JTAG connector
Figure 2 : Physical dimensions of Telos Revision B.
All units are in inches unless otherwise noted.
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Width 1.24 1.26 1.29 in
Length 2.55 2.58 2.60 in
Height (without battery pack and SMA antenna) 0.24 0.26 0.27 in

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 6 of 28
Block Diagram
CC2420 Radio
2.4 GHz
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
PCB
Antenna
SMA
Coax
4
2
6
2
2
UART[0]
2
I2C[0]
6
ADC[0-3,6-7]
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Temperature
Sensor
PAR
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Sensor
ADC[4]
ADC[5]
I/O
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SPI I/O
4
Power
Reset
User
10-pin + 6-pin
IDC header
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SVSout
TI MSP430 Microcontroller
UART[1]
P1.1/P2.2 Reset
TCK
SPI[0] P1[0,3,4]
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1-wire
7
JTAG
JTAG 8-pin
2mm IDC header SVS 2-pin
IDC header
USB 2.0
UART/RS232
Functionality
RX/TX RTS/DTR
JTAG Write Protection ST Flash
1024k (2.7V)
Figure 3 : Functional Block Diagram of the Telos Module, its components, and buses

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 7 of 28
Schematic
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Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 8 of 28
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Figure 4 : Schematics for the Telos module (Rev B)

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 9 of 28
Microprocessor
Description
The low power operation of the Telos module is due to the ultra low power Texas Instruments
MSP430 F1611 microcontroller featuring 10kB of RAM, 48kB of flash, and 128B of information
storage. This 16-bit RISC processor features extremely low active and sleep current
consumption that permits Telos to run for years on a single pair of AA batteries. The MSP430
has an internal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that may operate up to 8MHz. The DCO
may be turned on from sleep mode in 6µs, however 292ns is typical at room temperature.
When the DCO is off, the MSP430 operates off an eternal 32768Hz watch crystal. Although the
DCO frequency changes with voltage and temperature, it may be calibrated by using the 32kHz
oscillator.
In addition to the DCO, the MSP430 has 8 external ADC ports and 8 internal ADC ports. The
ADC internal ports may be used to read the internal thermistor or monitor the battery voltage.
A variety of peripherals are available including SPI, UART, digital I/O ports, Watchdog timer,
and Timers with capture and compare functionality. The F1611 also includes a 2-port 12-bit
DAC module, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and 3-port DMA controller.
The features of the MSP430 F1611 are presented in detail in the Texas Instruments
MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide available at http://ti.com/msp430.
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during program execution 1.8 3.6 V
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Low frequency crystal frequency 32.768 kHz
Active current at Vcc = 3V, 1MHz 500 600 µA
Sleep current in LPM3 Vcc = 3V, 32.768kHz active 2.6 3.0 µA
Wake up from LPM3 (low power mode) 6 µs
PC Communication
Telos uses a USB controller from FTDI to communicate with the host computer. In order to
communicate with the mote, the FTDI drivers must be installed on the host. FTDI provides
drivers for Windows, Linux, BSD, Macintosh, and Windows CE. These drivers are included on
the Moteiv CD shipped with your order. Windows users will need the Virtual Com Port (VCP)
drivers. They may also be downloaded from FTDI’s website at: http://www.ftdichip.com/
After installing the driver, Telos appears as a COM port in Windows’ device manager (or as a
device in /dev in Linux, OSX, and BSD). Multiple Telos motes may be connected to a single
computer’s USB ports at the same time. Each mote will receive a different COM port identifier.
In the example below, one Telos is connected and assigned COM6 “USB Serial Port”.
An application may read from Telos by opening the COM port assigned to the Telos mote.
Telos communicates with the host PC through USART1 on the TI MSP430.

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 10 of 28
Figure 5 : Device Manager showing Telos installed as COM6
The motelist command line utility lists all of the Telos motes currently connected to a
computer. This utility optionally lists previously connected motes that the system has cached.
Invoke motelist with the -h option for more information.
> motelist
Reference CommPort Description
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
M4MXVA4Y COM6 Telos (Rev B 2004-09-27)
NOTE: Telos (Revision B) uses an I2C digital switch to prevent unwanted conventional
serial port signals from reaching the TI microcontroller. The I2C protocol must be
implemented and sent over the RTS and DTR lines in order to obtain direct access
between the Telos and USB controller. The UART lines do not use the I2C switch allowing
direct communication (but not programming or JTAG) without additional software.
Programming
The Telos module is programmed through the onboard USB connector. A modified version of
the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader, msp430-bsl, programs the microcontroller’s flash. Telos has a
unique hardware circuit that prevents the mote from spuriously resetting. This hardware circuit
makes it necessary to have a special sequence sent to the module in order to program it.
By invoking msp430-bsl, verify you have the patched BSL by looking for the “telos” keyword.
Version 1.39-telos-6 or later is required for Telos (Rev B).
> msp430-bsl
MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-6
Use -h for help

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 11 of 28
To communicate with Telos, the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader requires a set of options to provide
the proper signals to the microcontroller to initiate programming. For convenience, the options
have been folded into a single Telos (Revision B) flag:
--telosb
To program a Telos module on COM3 (or /dev/ttyUSB2 in Linux) with an application image
named app.ihex, invoke the MSP430 Bootstrap loader with the following options.
> msp430-bsl --telosb -c 2 -r -e -I -p app.ihex
MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-6
Mass Erase...
Transmit default password ...
Invoking BSL...
Transmit default password ...
Current bootstrap loader version: 1.61 (Device ID: f16c)
Changing baudrate to 38400 ...
Program ...
2742 bytes programmed.
Reset device ...
If you are using TinyOS, it has support for programming Telos. After compiling your application,
you may install it with the following command
> make telosb install.x bsl,n
Where xis the 16-bit address assigned to the mote and nis the COM port that Telos is
currently using. Note that not including “bsl” or “bsl,n” will program automatically using the
bsl to the first Telos mote found on the USB bus using the motelist command.
For more information about the options in the MSP430 Bootstrap loader, invoke msp430-bsl
with the -h option to display the help information.
Motelist and msp430-bsl are available from Moteiv Corporation at http://www.moteiv.com in
the “Support” section.
NOTE: msp430-bsl starts counting from 0, but COM ports in Windows start counting at 1.
If Telos is connected to COM3 in Windows, you must program it using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”
when invoking msp430-bsl. In Linux, Telos will appear as /dev/ttyUSB2 and may be
programmed using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”.

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 12 of 28
Block Diagram
Oscillator
System
Clock
32kHz
ACLK
SMCLK
CPU
16 bit
16 reg
multiply
Flash
RAM
12-bit ADC
8 Channels
<10µs Conv
12-bit DAC
2 Channels
16-bit bus
I/O Port 3/4
16 I/Os
I/O Port 1/2
16 I/Os
Interrupts
I/O Port 5/6
8 I/Os
MCLK
Watchdog
Timer
15/16 bit
Timer A
3 CC reg
Comparator
A
Timer B
7 CC reg
USART0
UART
SPI
I2C
DMA
Controller
3 Channels
USART1
UART
SPI
CC2420 Radio
Interrupts & SPI
PC
UART via USB
Figure 6 : Block diagram of the TI MSP430 microcontroller and its connection to other peripherals
in the Telos module

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 13 of 28
Radio
Description
Telos features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions. With sensitivity
exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides
reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with
the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance. Features and usage of the
CC2420 is available in Chipcon’s datasheet at http://www.chipcon.com
The CC2420 is controlled by the TI MSP430 microcontroller through the SPI port and a series of
digital I/O lines and interrupts (see the Schematics on page 7 for more information). The radio
may be shut off by the microcontroller for low power duty cycled operation.
The CC2420 has programmable output power. Common CC2420 register values and their
corresponding current consumption and output power are shown in Figure 7.
PA_LEVEL TXCTRL register Output Power [dBm] Current Consumption [mA]
31 0xA0FF 0 17.4
27 0xA0FB -1 16.5
23 0xA0F7 -3 15.2
19 0xA0F3 -5 13.9
15 0xA0EF -7 12.5
11 0xA0EB -10 11.2
7 0xA0E7 -15 9.9
3 0xA0E3 -25 8.5
Figure 7 : Output power configuration for the CC2420
The CC2420 provides a digital received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that may be read any
time. Additionally, on each packet reception, the CC2420 samples the first eight chips,
calculates the error rate, and produces a link quality indication (LQI) value with each received
packet. A mapping from RSSI to the RF level in dBm is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 : Received Signal Strength Indicator mapping to RF Power [dBm]

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 14 of 28
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during radio operation (Vreg on) 2.1 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
RF frequency range 2400 2483.5 MHz
Transmit bit rate 250 250 kbps
Nominal output power -3 0 dBm
Programmable output power range 40 dBm
Receiver sensitivity -90 -94 dBm
Current consumption: Radio transmitting at 0 dBm 17.4 mA
Current consumption: Radio receiving 19.7 mA
Current consumption: Radio on, Oscillator on 365 µΑ
Current consumption: Idle mode, Oscillator off 20 µΑ
Current consumption: Power Down mode, Vreg off 1 µΑ
Voltage regulator current draw 13 20 29 µΑ
Radio oscillator startup time 580 860 µs
Measured Output Power
The RF output power of the Telos module from the CC2420 radio is shown in Figure 9. For this
test, the Telos module is transmitting at 2.405GHz (IEEE 802.15.4 channel 11) using the O-
QPSK modulation with DSSS. The CC2420 programmed output power is set to 0 dBm. The
measured output power of the entire modulated spectrum is 2.4 dBm.
2.4 2.401 2.402 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406 2.407 2.408 2.409 2.4
1
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Output power (dBm)
RWB: 100 kHz
VWB: 100 kHz
Sweep: 50ms
Figure 9 : Measured RF output power over the modulated spectrum from the Telos module

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 15 of 28
Antenna
Telos has two antenna options—and internal antenna built into the module and an external SMA
connector for connecting to external antennas. By default, Telos is shipped with the internal
antenna enabled. If an application requires an external antenna or a different directional pattern
than the internal antenna, an SMA connector may be installed and an antenna may be
connected directly to Telos’ SMA female connector.
In order to switch between the internal antenna and the SMA connector, the capacitor at C73
must be moved from the two left pads to the two right pads connecting the radio to the SMA
connector. This process may be completed quickly with a heat gun and tweezers by sliding the
capacitor over to the adjacent pad once the solder begins to melt.
Figure 10 : Moving C73 to select between the internal antenna and the SMA connector
Internal Antenna
Telos’ internal antenna is an Inverted-F microstrip design protruding from the end of the board
away from the battery pack. The Inverted-F antenna is a wire monopole where the top section
is folded down to be parallel with the ground plane. Although not a perfect omnidirectional
pattern, the antenna may attain 50-meter range indoors and upwards of 125-meter range
outdoors. Measurements of the internal antenna’s performance with and without a battery pack
are show in Figure 11 and Figure 12. Approximate radiation patterns for the Inverted-F antenna
as provided by Chipcon AS are shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14.
To Internal
Antenna
To SM
A
Connector

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 16 of 28
Internal Antenna without Battery Pack
2004/11/25 Thr 14:44:06
CH2 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000
MKR 3: 2.483 958 333GHz
65.166 4.083
Cor
3:2.483 958GHz 65.041 4.227 270.843pH
2:2.450 000GHz 39.757 -4.623 14.050pF
1:2.400 000GHz 40.014 -40.598 1.633pF
3
1
2
START 2.3GHz [ 10.00 dBm] STOP 2.55GHz
2.3 2.325 2.35 2.375 2.4 2.425 2.45 2.475 2.5 2.525 2.5
5
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Log(|S11|) (dB)
1
23
4
1: 2.400 GHz −7.40 dB
2: 2.450 GHz −16.58 dB
3: 2.485 GHz −16.58 dB
4: 2.500 GHz −12.50 dB
Figure 11 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna when no battery pack is present
Internal Antenna with Battery Pack
2004/11/25 Thr 14:49:13
CH2 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000
MKR 3: 2.483 958 333GHz
57.265 7.168
Cor
3:2.483 958GHz 57.205 7.146 457.900pH
2:2.450 000GHz 34.763 -8.204 7.917pF
1:2.400 000GHz 38.610 -49.225 1.347pF
1
2
3
START 2.3GHz [ 10.00 dBm] STOP 2.55GHz
2.3 2.325 2.35 2.375 2.4 2.425 2.45 2.475 2.5 2.525 2.5
5
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Log(|S11|) (dB)
1
2
3
4
1: 2.400 GHz −5.10 dB
2: 2.450 GHz −13.27 dB
3: 2.485 GHz −20.92 dB
4: 2.500 GHz −12.24 dB
Figure 12 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna with battery pack underneath

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 17 of 28
Radiation Pattern
Figure 13 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with horizontal mounting (from Chipcon AS)
Figure 14 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with vertical mounting (from Chipcon AS)

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 18 of 28
SMA Connector
The SMA connector is a surface mount female coax connector for attaching an external
antenna. The default Telos configuration does not include the SMA connector. The connector
may be purchased separately from Digikey (http://www.digikey.com). The manufacturer’s part
number is 901-144 from Amphenol RF (Digikey part number ARF1205-ND).
The performance of the SMA connector is independent of the presence of the battery pack. The
S11 network analyzer measurements for the SMA connector performance are shown in Figure
15.
2004/11/25 Thr 13:37:58
CH1 S11 MKR 3: 2.486 25GHz
3:2.486 250GHz 64.625 97.928 6.268nH
2:2.450 000GHz 43.059 44.470 2.888nH
1:2.400 000GHz 63.063 29.795 1.975nH
1
2
3
START 2.3GHz [ 10.00 dBm] STOP 2.55GHz
SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000
64.698
Cor
2.3 2.325 2.35 2.375 2.4 2.425 2.45 2.475 2.5 2.525 2.5
5
−50
−45
−40
−35
−30
−25
−20
−15
−10
−5
0
Frequency (GHz)
Log(|S11|) (dB)
1
2
34
1: 2.400 GHz −7.91 dB
2: 2.450 GHz −4.97 dB
3: 2.485 GHz −2.55 dB
4: 2.500 GHz −1.02 dB
Figure 15 : S11 measurements of the SMA connector (minimal variance with/without battery pack)

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 19 of 28
External Flash
Telos Revision B uses the ST M25P80 40MHz serial code flash for external data and code
storage. The flash holds 1024kB of data and is decomposed into 16 segments, each 64kB in
size. The flash shares SPI communication lines with the CC2420 transceiver. Care must be
taken when reading or writing to flash such that it is interleaved with radio communication,
typically implemented as a software arbitration protocol for the SPI bus on the microcontroller.
SC_HS
ALF
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IS_OIDAR
DLOH_HSALF
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ccV 8
Figure 16 : External serial flash schematic
Typical Operating Conditions
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage during flash memory programming 2.7 3.6 V
Operating free air temperature -40 85 oC
Erase/Programming cycles 100,000 cycles
Data Retention 20 years
Active current (READ) 4 mA
Active current (WRITE/ERASE) 20 mA
Standby current 8 50 µA
Deep Power Down current 1 10 µΑ
NOTE: The ST M25P-series of code flash always starts in the standby state. For low
power applications, the flash must be sent a command at boot time to place it in the deep
power down mode. If using TinyOS, the flash is automatically put into deep power down
mode and must be instructed to exit deep power down mode the first time the flash is
accessed. See the ST M25P80 datasheet for more information.
http://www.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/8495.pdf

Telos
Rev B (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module)
Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev B) : PRELIMINARY Datasheet (12/5/2004) Page 20 of 28
Flash Hardware Write Protection
The flash includes hardware write protection functionality. The write protection exists on a
sector basis as shown in Figure 18. The hardware write protection pin (Pin 3 of the M25P80
shown in Figure 16) only disables write protection when the module is powered by the USB port.
When connected to USB, the status register must be updated by removing the write protect and
block protect bits in Figure 17. The write protected segments may only be changed after the
module connected to USB and the write protect bit is cleared.
Telos ships with sector 15 (the upper sixteenth sector) write protected and the SRWD bit set. In
sector 15 is the “Golden Image” and factor metadata. The “Golden Image” is a factory program
image that includes network reprogramming so that Telos may always return to a known good
state, even if loaded with a malfunctioning program image. When Telos is connected to the
USB, the “Golden Image” may be changed. See the TinyOS Deluge documentation in
tinyos-1.x/docs of the TinyOS distribution included with Telos.
b7 b0
SRWD 0 0 BP2 BP1 BP0 WEL WIP
Status Register
Write Protect
Block Protect Bits
Write Enable Latch Bit
Write In Progress Bit
Figure 17 : ST M25P80 Status Register contents (from ST).
Status Register Content Memory Content (Sectors)
BP2 Bit BP1 Bit BP0 Bit Protected Area Unprotected Area
0 0 0 None All sectors (0-15)
0 0 1 Upper sixteenth (15) Lower fifteen-sixteenths (0-14)
0 1 0 Upper eighth (14-15) Lower seven-eighths (0-13)
0 1 1 Upper quarter (12-15) Lower three-quarters (0-11)
1 0 0 Upper half (8-15) Lower half (0-7)
1 0 1 All sectors (0-15) None
1 1 0 All sectors (0-15) None
1 1 1 All sectors (0-15) None
Figure 18 : Write protection settings for the ST M25P80 flash.
Telos Rev B modules are shipped with the gray setting (001).
NOTE: When programming data to write protected segments of external flash, do not
disconnect the module before the programming is completely. If the module is
disconnected from the USB, the write may be interrupted or the status register may not be
updated to reflect the new write protection settings.