Nokia NKC-1X Series Guide

CCS Technical Documentation
NKC-1X Series Transceivers
Issue 1 02/03 Nokia Corporation
System Module

NKC-1X
System Module CCS Technical Documentation
Page 2 Nokia Corporation Issue 1 02/03
Table of Contents
Page No
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 5
Transceiver NKC-1X ..................................................................................................... 7
Introduction ..................................................................................................................7
Operational Modes .................................................................................................... 8
Environmental Specifications ......................................................................................8
Normal and extreme voltages.................................................................................... 8
Temperature Conditions............................................................................................ 8
Engine Module............................................................................................................. 10
Baseband Module ......................................................................................................10
UEM ..........................................................................................................................10
Introduction to UEM ............................................................................................... 10
Regulators................................................................................................................ 11
RF Interface............................................................................................................. 12
Charging Control..................................................................................................... 12
Digital Interface....................................................................................................... 12
Audio Codec............................................................................................................ 12
UI Drivers................................................................................................................ 13
AD Converters......................................................................................................... 13
UPP ............................................................................................................................13
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 13
Blocks...................................................................................................................... 13
Flash Memory ............................................................................................................13
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 13
User Interface Hardware .............................................................................................. 14
LCD ...........................................................................................................................14
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14
Interface................................................................................................................... 14
Keyboard ....................................................................................................................14
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14
Power Key ............................................................................................................... 15
Keys......................................................................................................................... 15
Lights .........................................................................................................................15
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 15
Interfaces ................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Information ............................................................................................. 16
Audio HW .................................................................................................................... 17
Earpiece .....................................................................................................................17
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 17
Microphone ................................................................................................................17
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 17
Buzzer ........................................................................................................................17
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 17
Battery.......................................................................................................................... 18
Phone Battery .............................................................................................................18
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 18
Interface................................................................................................................... 18
Battery Connector ......................................................................................................19

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Accessories Interface ................................................................................................... 20
System connector .......................................................................................................20
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 20
Interface................................................................................................................... 20
Technical Information ............................................................................................. 21
PPH-1 Handsfree .......................................................................................................21
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 21
Interface................................................................................................................... 21
Charger IF ..................................................................................................................22
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 22
Interface................................................................................................................... 22
Test Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 23
Production Test Pattern ..............................................................................................23
Other Test Points .......................................................................................................23
EMC ............................................................................................................................. 24
General .......................................................................................................................24
BB Component and Control IO Line Protection .......................................................24
Keyboard lines......................................................................................................... 24
C-Cover ................................................................................................................... 24
PWB ........................................................................................................................ 24
LCD......................................................................................................................... 24
Microphone ............................................................................................................. 24
EARP....................................................................................................................... 24
Buzzer...................................................................................................................... 24
System Connector Lines.......................................................................................... 25
Battery Connector Lines.......................................................................................... 25
MBUS and FBUS.................................................................................................... 25
Transceiver Interfaces .................................................................................................. 26
BB - RF Interface Connections .................................................................................26
BB Internal Connections ............................................................................................29
...................................................................................................................................29
UPP Block Signals .....................................................................................................34
MEMORY Block Interfaces ......................................................................................39
IR Block Interfaces (not used in NKC-1X ) ..............................................................40
SIM Block Interfaces (not used in NKC-1X) ............................................................40
LPRF Interfaces (not used in NKC-1X) ....................................................................40
Audio Interfaces .........................................................................................................41
Key/Display blocks ....................................................................................................43
Keyboard Interface.................................................................................................. 43
Display Interface ..................................................................................................... 43
RF Module ................................................................................................................... 44
Requirements .............................................................................................................44
Design ........................................................................................................................44
Software Compensations ...........................................................................................44
Main Technical Characteristics .................................................................................45
RF Frequency Plan .................................................................................................. 45
DC Characteristics .....................................................................................................46
Power Distribution Diagram ................................................................................... 46

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System Module CCS Technical Documentation
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Regulators................................................................................................................ 47
Receiver .....................................................................................................................47
AMPS/TDMA 800 MHz Front End........................................................................ 49
Frequency Synthesizers .............................................................................................50
Transmitter .................................................................................................................50
Common IF ............................................................................................................. 51
Cellular Band........................................................................................................... 51
Power Control ......................................................................................................... 51
Antenna Circuit ....................................................................................................... 52
TAntenna ...................................................................................................................52
List of Figures
Page No
Fig 1 IInterconnecting Diagram...........................................................................................7
Fig 2 System Block Diagram (simple) ................................................................................10
Fig 3 Placement of keys.......................................................................................................14
Fig 4 Battery Connection Diagram......................................................................................18
Fig 5 BMC-3 Battery contacts (BLC-2 has the same interface)..........................................19
Fig 6 System Connector.......................................................................................................20
Fig 7 Accessory Detection / External Audio. ......................................................................21
Fig 8 4-wire, fully differential headset connector pin layout...............................................22
Fig 9 Top View of Production Test Pattern.........................................................................23
Fig 10 Test points Located Between UEM and UPP...........................................................23
Fig 11 RF Frequency Block Plan.........................................................................................45
Fig 12 Power distribution diagram ....................................................................................46
Fig 13

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Abbreviations
ACCH Analog Control Channel
A/D Analog to Digital conversion
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
AVCH Analog Voice Channel
BB Base Band
CSD Circuit Switched Data
CSP Chipped Scale Package. The same as uBGA.
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
D/A Digital to Analog conversion
DCCH Digital Control Channel
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DTCH Digital Traffic Channel
EDMS Electronic Data Management System
EFR Enhanced Full Rate (codec)
FCC Federal Communications Commission
IR Infrared
IrDA Infrared Data Association
IrMC Infrared Mobile Communications
IrOBEX IrDA Object Exchange Protocol
IS Interim Standard
ISA Intelligent Software Architecture
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
MCU Micro Control Unit / Master Control Unit
MO/MT Mobile Originated/Mobile Terminated (SMS)
OOR Out Of Range (mode)
OTA Over The Air (+ service like Programming etc.)
PC Personal Computer (PC Suite = PC program for phone memory function support)
PWB Printed Wired Board
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
RF Radio Frequency
SAR Specific Absorption Rate
SCF Software Component Factory
SMD Surface Mount Device
SMS Short Message Service
SPR Standard Product Requirement

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TDD Text Device for the Deaf
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. Here: US digital cellular system.
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association
TTY Teletype
UEM Universal Energy Management, a Baseband ASIC.
UPP Universal Phone Processor, a Baseband ASIC.
VCTCXO Voltage Controlled temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
WAP Wireless Application Protocol (Browser)

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Transceiver NKC-1X
Introduction
The NKC-1X is a single band transceiver unit designed for TDMA800 networks. The trans-
ceiver consists of the engine module (ST6) and the various assembly parts.
The transceiver has a full graphic display and the user interface is based on a jack style
UI with two soft keys. An internal antenna is used in the phone, and there is no connec-
tion to an external antenna. The transceiver also has a low leakage tolerant earpiece and
an omnidirectional microphone that provides excellent audio quality.
Figure 1: Interconnecting Diagram

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Operational Modes
Below is a list of the phone’s different operational modes:
1 Power Off mode
2 Normal Mode (Power controlled by cellular SW, includes various Active and Idle
states):
• Analog Modes (800 MHz only):
•Analog Control Channel, ACCH
•Analog Voice Channel, AVCH
• Digital Modes (800):
•Control Channel, DCCH
•Digital Voice Channel, DTCH (Digital Traffic Channel)
•Digital Data Channel, DDCH
Both the analog and digital modes have different states controlled by the Cellular
SW. Some examples are Idle State (on ACCH), Camping (on DCCH), Scanning, Con-
versation, NSPS (No Service Power Save, previously OOR = Out of Range).
3 Local mode (both Cellular SW and UI SW non active)
4 Test mode (Cellular SW active but UI SW non active)
Environmental Specifications
Normal and extreme voltages
Voltage range:
• nominal battery voltage: 3.6 V
• maximum battery voltage: 5.0 V
• minimum battery voltage: 3.1 V
Temperature Conditions
Temperature range:
• ambient temperature: -30...+ 60 ×C
• PWB temperature: -30...+85 ×C

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• storage temperature range: -40 to + 85 ×C
All of the EIA/TIA-136-270A requirements are not exactly specified over the temperature
range. For example, the RX sensitivity requirement is 3dB lower over the –30 - +60 °C
range.

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System Module CCS Technical Documentation
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Engine Module
Baseband Module
The core part of the transceiver’s baseband (see the figure below) consists of 2 ASICs, the
UEM and UPP, and flash memory. The following sections illustrate and explain these
parts in detail.
Figure 2: System Block Diagram (simple)
UEM
Introduction to UEM
UEM is the Universal Energy Management IC for digital hand portable phones. In addi-
tion to energy management, it performs all the baseband’s mixed-signal functions.
Most UEM pins have 2kV ESD protection, and those signals considered to be more easily
exposed to ESD, have 8kV protection within the UEM. These kinds of signals are (1) all
audio signals, (2) headset signals, (3) BSI, (4) Btemp, (5) Fbus and (6) Mbus signals.
UEM
UPP
EAR
MIC
BUZZER
RF Supplies BATTERY
PA supply
LCD
CBUS/DBUS
BB Supplies
SLEEPCLOCK
32kHz
FLASH 16Mbit
MEMADDA
MEMCONT
RF IC
RFCLK
19.44MHz
BASEBAND
DCT4 S
y
stem Connector
EXTERNAL AUDIO
CHARGER CONNECTION
KLIGHT/
DLIGHT
PWR ON
A
UDIO
PURX
RFIC CTRL RF RX/TX
RF RX/TX

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Regulators
The UEM has six regulators for baseband power supplies and seven regulators for RF
power supplies. The VR1 regulator has two outputs: (1) VR1a and (2) VR1b. In addition to
these, there are two current generators - IPA1 and IPA2 - for biasing purposes.
A bypass capacitor (1uF) is required for each regulator output to ensure stability.
Reference voltages for regulators require external 1uF capacitors. Vref25RF is the refer-
ence voltage for the VR2 regulator, Vref25BB is the reference voltage for the VANA,
VFLASH1, VFLASH2, VR1 regulators, Vref278 is the reference voltage for the VR3, VR4,
VR5, VR6, VR7 regulators, and VrefRF01 is the reference voltage for the VIO, VCORE reg-
ulators and for the radio frequency (RF).
The VANA regulator supplies the baseband’s (BB) internal and external analog circuitry.
It is disabled in the Sleep mode.
The Vflash1 regulator supplies the LCD, the digital parts of the UEM and Safari asic. It is
enabled during startup and goes into the low Iq-mode when in the Sleep mode.
The VIO regulator supplies both the external and internal logic circuitries. It is used by
the LCD, flash and UPP. The regulator goes into the low Iq-mode when in the Sleep mode.
The VCORE regulator supplies the DSP and the core part of the UPP. The voltage is pro-
grammable and the startup default is 1.5V. The regulator goes into the low Iq-mode
when in the Sleep mode.
The VR1 regulator uses two LDOs (VR1A and VR1B) and a charge pump. The charge pump
requires one external 1uF capacitor in the Vpump pin and a 220nF flying capacitor
Table 1: UEM Regulators
BB RF Current
VANA: 2.78Vtyp 80mAmax VR1a:4.75V 10mAmax
VR1b:4.75V
Note: Not used in NKC-1X.
IPA1: 0-5mA
Vflash1: 2.78Vtyp 70mAmax IPA2: 0-5mA
Vflash2: 2.78Vtyp
40mAmax
Note: Not used in NKC-1X
VR2:2.78V 100mAmax
VR3:2.78V 20mAmax.
VIO: 1.8Vtyp
150mAmax
VR4: 2.78V 50mAmax
Vcore: 1.0-1.8V
200mAmax
VR5: 2.78V 50mAmax
VR6: 2.78V 50mAmax
Note: Not used in NKC-1X
VR7: 2.78V 45mAmax

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between the CCP and CCN pins. In practice, the 220nF flying capacitor is formed by 2 x
100nF capacitors that are parallel to each other. The VR1A regulator is used by the Taco
RF ASIC. VR1B is not used in the NKC-1X.
The VR2 regulator is used to supply the (1) external RF parts, (2) lower band up con-
verter, (3) TX power detector module and (4) Safari. In light load situations, the VR2 reg-
ulator can be set to the low Iq-mode.
The VR3 regulator supplies the VCTCXO and Taco in the RF. It is always enabled when the
UEM is active. When the UEM is in the Sleep mode, the VR3 is disabled.
The VR4 regulator supplies the RX frontends (LNA and RX mixers).
The VR5 regulator supplies the lower band PA. In light load situations, the VR5 regulator
can be set to the low Iq-mode.
The VR6 regulator. In light load situations, the VR6 regulator can be set to the low Iq-
mode. Note: Not used in the NKC-1X.
The VR7 regulator supplies the RF synths. In light load situations, the VR7 regulator can
be set to the low Iq-mode.
The IPA1 and IPA2 are programmable current generators. A 27Ω/1%/100ppm external
resistor is used to improve the accuracy of the output current. The IPA1 is used by the
lower PA band and IPA2 is used by the higher PA band.
RF Interface
The interface between the baseband and the RF section is also handled by the UEM. It
provides A/D and D/A conversion of the in-phase and quadrature receive and transmit
signal paths. It also provides A/D and D/A conversions of received and transmitted audio
signals to and from the UI section. The UEM supplies the analog AFC signal to the RF sec-
tion, according to the UPP DSP digital control.
Charging Control
The CHACON block of the UEM asics controls charging. The needed functions for the
charging controls are the (1) pwm-controlled battery charging switch, (2) charger-moni-
toring circuitry, (3) battery voltage monitoring circuitry and (4) RTC supply circuitry for
backup battery charging (Not used in NKC-1X). In addition to these, external compo-
nents are needed for EMC protection of the charger input to the baseband module.
Digital Interface
Data transmission between the UEM and the UPP is implemented using two serial con-
nections, DBUS (programmable clock) for DSP and CBUS (1.0MHz GSM and 1.08MHz
TDMA) for MCU. The UEM is a dual voltage circuit: the digital parts are run from 1.8V
and the analog parts are run from 2.78V. The Vbat (3,6V) voltage regulators's input is
also used.

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Audio Codec
The baseband supports two external microphone input areas and one external earphone
output. The input can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset microphone or
from an external microphone signal source through a headset connector. The output for
the internal earpiece is a dual-ended type output, and the differential output is capable
of driving 4Vpp to the earpiece with a 60 dB minimum signal as the total distortion ratio.
The input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed inside the
UEM Asic, according to the control messages from the UPP.
UI Drivers
There is a single output driver for the buzzer, display and keyboard LEDs inside the UEM.
These generate PWM square wave for the various devices.
AD Converters
The UEM is equipped with a 11-channel analog to digital converter. Some AD converter
channels (LS, KEYB1-2) are not used in NKC-1X . The AD converters are calibrated in the
production line.
UPP
Introduction
NKC-1X uses the UPPv4M ASIC. The RAM size is 4M. The processor architecture consists
of both the DSP and the MCU processors.
Blocks
The UPP is internally partitioned into two main parts: (1) the Brain and (2) the Body.
1The Processor and Memory System (that is, the Processor cores, Mega-cells,
internal memories, peripherals and external memory interface) is known as the
Brain.
The Brain consists of the following blocks: (1) the DSP Subsystem (DSPSS), (2) the
MCU Subsystem (MCUSS), (3) the emulation control EMUCtl, (4) the program/
data RAM PDRAM and (5) the Brain Peripherals–subsystem (BrainPer).
2The NMP custom cellular logic functions are known as the Body.
The Body contains interfaces and functions needed for interfacing other base-
band and RF parts. The body consists of, for example, the following sub-blocks:
(1) MFI, (2) SCU, (3) CTSI, (4) RxModem, (5) AccIF, (6) UIF, (7) Coder, (8) BodyIF, (9)
PUP.
Flash Memory
Introduction
The NKC-1X transceiver uses a 16 Mbit flash as its external memory. The VIO regulator is
used as a power supply for normal in-system operation. An accelerated program/erase

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operation can be obtained by supplying Vpp of 12 volt to the flash device.
The device has two read modes: asynchronous and burst. The Burst read mode is utilized
in NKC-1X, except for the start-up, when the asynchronous read mode is used for a short
time.

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User Interface Hardware
LCD
Introduction
NKC-1X uses a black & white GD46 84x48 full dot matrix graphical display. There are
two suppliers for this LCD: Seiko Epson and Philips. The LCD module includes the LCD
glass, the LCD COG-driver, an elastomer connector and a metal frame. The LCD module is
included in the lightguide assembly module.
Interface
The LCD is controlled by the UI SW and the control signals are from the UPP asic. The VIO
and Vflash1 regulators supply the LCD with power.
The LCD has an internal voltage booster and a booster capacitor is required between
Vout and GND.
Pin 3 (Vss9) is the LCD driver’s ground and Pin 9 (GND) is used to ground the metal
frame.
Keyboard
Introduction
The NKC-1X keyboard style follows the Nokia Jack style, without side keys for volume
control. The PWR key is located at the top of the phone.
Figure 3: Placement of keys.
12 3
456
789
#
0
*
Up
Down EndSend
S RightS Left

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Power Key
All signals for the keyboard come from the UPP asic, except PWRONX line for the power
key signal which is connected directly to the UEM. The pressing of the PWR key grounds
the PWRONX line and the UEM generates an interrupt to UOO, which is then recognized
as a PWR key press.
Keys
Other keys are detected so that when a key is pressed down, the metal dome connects
one S-line and one R-line of the UPP together and creates an interrupt for the SW. This
kind of detection is also known as metaldome detection. The matrix of how lines are con-
nected and which lines are used for different keys is described in the Table 1. The S-line
S0 and R-line R5 are not used at all.
where NC = Not Connected
Lights
Introduction
NKC-1X has 10 LEDs for lighting purposes. Six of them are for the keyboard and four for
the display. The LED type is Osram LGM470, green light emitting and SMD through hole
mounted.
Interfaces
The display lights are controlled by a Dlight signal from the UEM. The Dlight output is the
PWM signal, which is used to control the average current going through the LEDs. When
the battery voltage changes, the new PWM value is written onto the PWM register. In
this way, the brightness of the lights remains the same with all battery voltages within
range. The frequency of the signal is fixed at 128Hz.
The keyboard lights are controlled by the Klight signal from the UEM. The Klight output is
also a PWM signal and is used in the same way as Dlight.
Table 2: Matrix of Key Detection Lines
Returns /
Scans
S0 S1 S2 S3 S4
R0 NC NC Send End NC
R1 NC Soft left Up Down Soft right
R2 NC 147*
R3 NC 2580
R4 NC 369#
R5 NC NC NC NC NC

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Technical Information
Each LED requires a hole in the PWB, in which the body of the LED locates in hole and
terminals are soldered on the component side of the module PWB. The LEDs have a white
plastic body around the diode, and this directs the emitted light better to the UI-side.
The current for the LCD and keyboard lights is limited by the resistor between the Vbatt
and LEDs.

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Audio HW
Earpiece
Introduction
The Philips Speaker System 13mm speaker capsule is used in NKC-1X .
The speaker is a dynamic one. It is very sensitive and capable of producing relatively high
sound pressure also at low frequencies. The speaker capsule and the mechanics around it
together make the earpiece.
Microphone
Introduction
The microphone is an electret microphone with an omnidirectional polar pattern. It con-
sists of an electrically polarized membrane and a metal electrode which form a capacitor.
Air pressure changes (for example, sound) moves the membrane, which causes voltage
changes across the capacitor. Because the capacitance is typically 2 pF, a FET buffer is
needed inside the microphone capsule for the signal generated by the capacitor. Because
of the FET, the microphone needs a bias voltage.
The microphone manufacturers for the NKC-1X transceiver are Matsushita and Hosiden.
Buzzer
Introduction
The operating principle of the buzzer is magnetic. The diaphragm of the buzzer is made
of magnetic material and it is located in a magnetic field created by a permanent mag-
net. The winding is not attached to the diaphragm, as is the case with the speaker. The
winding is located in the magnetic circuit so that it can alter the magnetic field of the
permanent magnet, thus changing the magnetic force affecting the diaphragm. The
buzzer's useful frequency range is approximately from 2 kHz to 5kHz.
The Buzzer manufacturer for the NKC-1X transceiver is Star.

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Battery
Phone Battery
Introduction
The BMC-3 battery (Ni-MH 900mAh) is be used in the NKC-1X transceiver by default. It
is also possible to use the BLC-2 (Li-ion 950mA) battery.
Interface
The battery block contains NTC and BSI resistors for temperature measurement and bat-
tery identification. The BSI fixed resistor value indicates the chemistry and default
capacity of a battery. The NTC-resistor measures the battery temperature. Temperature
and capacity information is needed for charge control. These resistors are connected to
BSI and BTEMP pins of the battery connector. The phone has pull-up resistors for these
lines so that they can be read by A/D inputs in the phone (see the figure below). Serial
resistors in the BSI and BTEMP lines are for ESD protection. Both lines also have spark
caps to prevent ESD. There is also a varistor in the BTEMP line for ESD protection.
Figure 4: Battery Connection Diagram
The batteries have a specific red line, which indicates if the battery has been subjected to
excess humidity (red line spreads). The batteries are delivered in the protection mode,
which gives longer storage time. The voltage seen in the outer terminals is zero (or float-
ing), and the battery is activated by connecting the charger. The battery has internal pro-
tection for overvoltage and overcurrent.
UEM
VANA VBAT
10n
C220
4k7
R207
10n
C240
4k7
R206
100k
R202/1
OVERCHARGE/
OVERDISCHARGE
PROTECTION
10p
C101
Ni-MH
VBATT
BSI
GND
BTEMP
Battery
connector
VFLASH1
100k
R202/2

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Figure 5: BMC-3 Battery contacts (BLC-2 has the same interface).
Battery Connector
NKC-1X uses the spring type battery connector. This makes the phone easier to assemble
in production and the connection between the battery and the PWB is more reliable. The
battery connector is manufactured by Molex.
Table 3: Battery Connector Interface
#Signal
name
Connected from - to Batt.
I/O
Signal properties
A/D--levels--freq./timing
Description /
Notes
1VBAT (+)
(batt.)
VBAT I/O Vbat 3.0-5.1V Battery
voltage
2BSI BSI
(batt.)
UEM Out Ana Battery size
indicator
3BTEMP BTEMP
(batt.)
UEM Out Ana 40mA/
Switch
400mA
Battery
temperature
indicator
4GND GND GND GND GND Ground
2(BSI)3(BTEMP)4(GND)
Excess
humidity
indicator
3
(
V
BAT
)