NorthStar LITE Instructions for use

NorthStar LITE Battery
Application Manual

Lithium Ion
Page
Section
Title
3
1
Introduction
4
2
Operation
7
3
Useful Life
8
4
Installation and Handling
13
5
Maintenance
13
6
Transport
13
7
Technical Specifications
14
8
Contacts

3
1 Introduction
1.1 LITE Lithium Battery Technology
The LITE Battery Unit has been specifically designed for
demanding applications such as telecom, energy storage,
renewable energy and hybrid power solutions. NorthStar
LITE delivers high energy density and excellent cyclic
endurance without compromising safety. Each Battery Unit
consists of lithium-ion cells and a battery management
system, BMS, encased in an outer housing.
The LITE Battery Units are designed to fit in a 19” rack.
Up to ten (10) Battery Units can be connected in parallel to
increase the available energy. The LITE Battery Units can
operate in combination with lead acid batteries, even
when the charge voltage is low and no boost voltage
functionality is available. The system is also designed for
re-use of existing site cabling and accommodates dual M8
cable lugs (commonly available for AGM batteries).
1.1.1 Battery Cell
The LITE Battery Unit is based on a Li-ion cell with the
lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry. LFP offers
exceptional lifetime, high specific power and cyclic
endurance in combination with good safety characteristics.
The battery cells utilized in the Battery Unit are of
prismatic type with laser-welded aluminum casings. Each
cell has a safety vent, which enables the release of over-
pressures in case of a thermal runaway situation.
1.1.2 Front Panel
1Negative terminal
2Circuit Breaker, CB
3Positive terminal
4Grounding point.
5Handles
6Fastening bracket for 19”-racks
7Capacity, see chapter 2.4 for more information on
behavior.
8Alarm, see chapter 4.5 for more information on
behavior.
9Run, see chapter 4.5 for more information on
behavior.
10 ADD, Address extension Dip switch, see chapter 4.4.2
for more information.
11 RS232. RS232 communication port is used to upload
data from BMS to a monitoring system.
12 RS485. RS485 communication port is used for
communication between batteries and to upper host.
For more information see 4.5
13 Reset, RST. The reset button can be used to recover
the Battery unit.
14 Dry contact
1.2 Definitions
The definition for each of the following terms or
abbreviations describes the context employed throughout
this document.
Battery unit: Functional unit for storage of electrical power
with a nominal voltage of 48 V.
BMS: Battery management system.
2
1
14
13
4
5
7
8
9
12
10
11
3
5
6
6

4
C-Rate: Current normalized to the rated capacity of a
battery.
Cut-off temperature: Temperature where the BMS will
terminate the usage of the Battery Unit
Cut-off voltage: Voltage where the BMS will no longer
allow usage of the Battery Unit.
EOL: End-of-Life, as definition it states when less than
80 % of the initial capacity remain. Li-ion can be used for
lower remaining capacity.
LFP: Lithium iron phosphate, electrode material used in the
LITE Battery Unit.
SoC: State-of-charge, fraction of rated capacity, 0-100 %.
1.3 Unstable Mains Service
Where the main electrical supply is of poor quality, the
batteries are used to provide service when the mains is off.
Common to the poor grid operation are frequent
interruptions. Often the time between the interruptions is
short which means that the battery will not be fully
charged. This is not a problem for lithium-ion batteries, as
they have a stable performance, independent of SoC. The
figure below shows the voltage of battery units in unstable
mains.
2 Operation
2.1 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Only operate within specified temperature, current and
voltage. All data from battery shall be stored in an upper
host computer for future reference.
2.2 BMS
The NorthStar LITE Battery Unit is equipped with an
internal BMS in every unit. The BMS will protect the
battery from operating outside of its safe operating
window by monitoring cell voltages, currents, SoC, capacity
and temperatures. The BMS also include cell balancing
functionality, reverse polarity protection, charge control,
high/low temperature cut off, regulated slow charge, and
the optional heater on/off.
2.2.1 Protection functions
Overvoltage
Overvoltage
System
Cell
Rated charging voltage
52.5V
Overcharge alarm
54.0±0.5V
3.6±0.02V
Overcharge protection
54.6±0.5V
3.65±0.02V
Overcharge recovery
50.2±0.5V
3.4±0.02V
If the system voltage or cell voltage becomes higher than
the overcharge protection voltage for more than 2 seconds,
the BMS enters overcharge protection state and inhibits
charging.
The overcharge protection delay is 1 ± 0.5 s and the
overcharge protection release conditions are one of the
following:
The voltage is below the recovery voltage or
Switch to discharge mode.
Undervoltage
Undervoltage
System
Cell
Overdischarge alarm
39.0±0.5V
2.6±0.02V
Overdischarge protection
37.5±0.5V
2.5±0.02V
Overdischarge recovery
43.5±0.5V
2.9±0.02V
If the system or cell voltage becomes lower than
overdischarge protection voltage and stays at that voltage
longer than 2 seconds, the BMS enters overdischarge
protection state and inhibits discharging.
The overdischarge protection delay is 1 ± 0.5 s and the
overdischarge protection release condition is:
Start charge mode.
Sleep mode: If undervoltage protection on system level or
cell level is detected, the BMS goes into sleep mode.
Release conditions are one of the following:
Put in charge or
Activated via RS232 communication or
Reset button pressed
Overcurrent
Overcurrent
System
Charging Overcurrent alarm
102±3A
Charging Overcurrent protection
105±4A
Discharging Overcurrent alarm
102±3A
Discharging Overcurrent protection
105±4A
Short circuit current protection
210±10A
Voltage of battery in unstable mains
Time [Days]
Voltage [V/Cell]

5
If the charging current becomes more than the charge
overcurrent protection current is limited to 10A.
Overcurrent protection:
The overcurrent protection delay is 4±1 s.
Charge overcurrent protection is released
immediately, no delay, when discharge is started.
Short-circuit protection:
The short circuit protection delay is 300 µs or
faster.
The short circuit protection state can be released by
pressing the button to reset the system. It is then
necessary to remove the load first.
Over temperature
Over temperature
System
Cell
Charge, Over temperature alarm
55±2°C
55±2°C
Charge, Over temperature protection
60±2°C
60±2°C
Charge, Over temperature recovery
45±2°C
45±2°C
Discharge, Over temperature alarm
55±2°C
55±2°C
Discharge, Over temperature
protection
60±2°C
60±2°C
Disharge, Over temperature recovery
45±2°C
45±2°C
If the maximum cell temperature becomes higher than cell
overtemperature protection threshold, BMS enters cell
overtemperature protection state and inhibits charging
and discharging.
If the cell temperatures return to the normal temperature
range, the temperature protection is released, then the
system restores charge and discharge respectively.
Under temperature
Under temperature
System
Cell
Charge, Under temperature
alarm
5±2°C
5±2°C
Charge, Under temperature
protection
0±2°C
0±2°C
Charge, Under temperature
recovery
8±2°C
8±2°C
Discharge, Under temperature
alarm
5±2°C
5±2°C
Discharge, Under temperature
protection
-20±2°C
-20±2°C
Discharge, Under temperature
recovery
-10±2°C
-10±2°C
If the minimum cell temperature becomes lower than cell
under temperature protection threshold, BMS enters cell
under temperature protection state and inhibits charging
and discharging.
If all of the cell temperatures return to the normal
temperature range, the cell temperature protection is
released, and then the system restores charge and
discharge respectively.
2.3 Capacity
The rated capacity of Battery Unit is stated in the datasheet.
The available capacity of the system will be dependent on
the battery temperature and the current, see example
below.
2.3.1 C-Rate
In this document, charge and discharge rates are expressed
as C-rates. C-rate is the current normalized to the rated
capacity of a battery.
Example: 1C represents the current required to discharge a
battery in one (1) hour. 0.1C (which can also be written as
C/10) is the current required to discharge a battery in ten
(10) hours.
Example of available capacity in different C rates in the
below figure.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-35 -25 -15 -5 515 25 35 45 55
Capacity [Ah]
Temperature [°C]
Available Capacity @ different temperatures
Available capacity
Discharge Rate [C]
Capacity [Ah]

6
2.4 Discharge characteristics of Battery Unit
Since the voltage curve of cells containing LFP is very flat it
is hard to estimate the SoC with any higher accuracy from
just checking the voltage. See figure below.
The BMS is able to determine SoC, using a specially
designed algorithm. The SoC level of the Battery Unit is
indicated by four diodes lit up with a green light on the
front panel of the Unit. The calculated SoC can also be
retrieved through the PC SW or by any upper host
computer that is connected to the battery through the
RS485 port.
The LED indicators offer the following steps of SoC, see
table.
SoC %
LED indicators
0-25
25-50
50-75
75-100
2.5 Nominal Operating Temperature Range
Lithium-ion batteries operate over a wide temperature
range; however, this does not imply that any type of
usage is allowed for all conditions. The charging process
of lithium-ion batteries is more sensitive than discharging
and therefore charging is limited to only be allowed at
temperatures over 0°C and below 45°C. Discharge is
allowed between -20 to 60°C. If the temperature of the
Battery Unit exceeds any of these thresholds, the
operation will be restricted and then terminated, as a
safety precaution, until the temperature reaches within
the specified ranges. Operating the Battery Unit at
continuously high temperatures will cause premature
aging and shorten battery life. Never use the Battery Unit
outside the above specified temperature limits, as it
constitutes a safety risk.
Mode
Temperature range
Charge
0 –45°C
Discharge
-20 –60°C
2.5.1 Low Temperature Performance
At temperatures below 15°C, the performance of the
Battery Unit starts to become affected. See figure in section
2.3 showing the capacity @ different temperatures. To
extend the performance range of the system, a heater is
available as an option.
2.6 Charge
The Battery Unit has excellent re-charge capabilities and
allows for full re-charge within only 1h 15min, from 0-100 %
SoC. For optimal battery usage, a recharging time of five (5)
hours is recommended, to provide best battery lifetime. For
a partially discharged Battery Unit, the charge time will be
less.
Lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to overcharging,
negatively impacting battery life and can, in the worst case,
lead to venting and thermal events. However, the BMS will
engage the charge cut-off, terminating the charge before
the Battery Unit reaches dangerous voltage levels. To
maximize the battery usage, a constant current-constant
voltage (CC-CV) charging regime is recommended, see
figure below. The normal working voltage area is 42V-
52.5V. However, if the Battery Unit is combined with
existing lead-acid batteries the charging will be terminated
by the BMS at a voltage of 54.6 V (corresponding to 3.65 V
per cell). When charging is completed, the BMS disconnects
the Battery Unit, leaving it at float voltage. Intermittent
charging will be initiated every time the Battery Unit has
been discharged a minimum of 5% (of its rated capacity).
Voltage vs SOC for LFP
Time [Minutes]
Voltage vs SoC for LFP

7
2.7 Discharge
The Battery Unit BMS will switch to Battery Unit operation
within 10 ms of an interruption of power. In a similar
manner as for the charging, the BMS will terminate the
discharge before the Battery Unit reaches too low
voltages. The cut off voltage for the cell is 2.5V or if the
temperature exceeds the allowed limits (as specified in
section 2.4). The available discharge capacity is dependent
on current and temperature, see figure in section 2.3.
3 Useful Life
3.1 Cycle Life
The Battery Unit has a cycle life of more than 3700 cycles
before reaching EOL at 80 % depth of discharge (DoD), a
charge/discharge rate of 0.2C and at a temperature of
25°C. The cycle life is heavily dependent on the operating
conditions the Battery Unit has been subjected to. For
more shallow discharges (i.e. lower DoD) the cycle life will
increase, see figure.
3.2 Storage and Self-Discharge
The LITE Battery Unit has an expected calendar life of more
than 12 years. During storage, lithium-ion batteries will
gradually self-discharge. The rate of self-discharge increases
with increasing temperature and SoC. To maximize service
life, it is optimal to store the batteries at 30-40 % SoC in the
temperature range from 0°C to 25°C. However, storage
temperatures between -20°C to 60°C are acceptable.
Storage at temperatures above 60°C should be avoided due
to the increased safety risks associated with exposing
lithium-ion batteries to high temperatures. When the
battery is stored for long periods of time it is recommended
to regularly maintenance charge the battery, approximately
every 6 months, to prevent the voltage of the battery from
reaching harmful levels (below 2 V on cell level). The
following procedure should be used:
1. Switch (CB) on the battery.
2. Press the reset button marked RST. Hold for approx.
10s.
3. Check SoC on LED indicators, marked Capacity.
a. If two LED’s are lit, charging is not needed.
b. If none or one LED indicator are lit, recharge
the battery until two indicators are lit.
4. Switch off the battery (CB), repack the battery and
return to storage.
Number of cycles @ 25°C and 0.2C
Max. storage time vs temperature
DoD [%]
No. of Cycles
Time [Years]
Temperature [⁰C]

8
3.3 Determining Battery Manufacturing Date
The battery manufacturing date can be found on the serial
number label. The first two digits in the serial number is a
code for the factory, digit three and four represents the
year and the fifth and sixth digit represents the week. The
serial number ends with five digits which is a unique
number for each product.
Example: Serial number XX183900123 means that the
product is manufactured in the 39th week of year 2018 and
is issued with its unique number 00123.
4 Installation and Handling
4.1 Battery Safety and Environmental Information
For full information please read the Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS). The MSDS document may be downloaded
from the NorthStar website www.northstarbattery.com
When dealing with Lithium-Ion Batteries some additional
safety information is required.
Please read and observe the installation and
operation instructions.
When working on batteries wear appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Refer
to battery SDS for complete list.
Do not expose the battery to an open
flame or other ignition source.
Battery terminals are always energized and,
if short-circuited, cause electrical arcing.
Always use insulated tools.
Batteries are heavy objects. Use proper
handling equipment safety gear during
installation.
Inappropriate lithium-ion battery disposal
can result in environmental
contamination. Please dispose of
batteries according to regulations.
Battery may be returned, shipping pre-
paid, to the manufacturer or any
distributor for recycling.
4.2 Handling
Warning!
Improper handling of batteries can cause
them to short-circuit, which can result in
serious injury due to high energy levels.
Exercise the necessary care when working
with batteries. Remove any items that can
cause short circuits, such as, rings and
bracelets.
Warning!
High energy levels are present in the battery
unit. Improper handling of the unit can lead
to short circuits that can result in serious
injury. Exercise care when working with this
unit.
Warning!
Batteries can leak electrolytes if mishandled.
Electrolytes in contact with skin or eyes
can cause injury. In the event of an
electrolyte-induced injury, rinse the affected
area with water and immediately seek
medical attention. Use protective equipment
when replacing batteries.

9
In addition to safety requirements, special care should be
taken when handling Li-ion Battery Units.
Battery Units should always be handled with care, as
they contain a lot of power and energy.
Do not touch the terminals, as it can cause electrical
shock which can lead to muscle paralyzing effects
such as sudden cardiac arrest, respiratory paralysis, or
ventricular fibrillation.
Do not tamper with the Battery Unit, or try to open it.
Avoid dropping Battery Units to the ground, or in
other ways mechanically damage them, as this is a
potential safety risk.
Keep away from water or other liquids.
Keep the Battery Units away from direct sunlight for
extended periods of time, and keep away from heat
sources, fires etc. at all times. In order to guaranty
safety the Battery Unit shall not be exposed to
temperatures above 60 °C.
If a battery shows signs of damage or has been
dropped, do not use it.
If the battery is leaking liquids, do not touch them as
they are toxic and cause skin irritation or burns, and
dispose of the leaking battery.
If leaking liquids come in contact with the skin, wash
with soap and cold water for at least 15 minutes and
remove contaminated garments. Seek medical
attention if necessary.
If leaking liquids come in contact with the eyes, do not
rub eyes. Immediately flush eyes thoroughly with cold
water for at least 15 minutes, then seek immediate
medical attention.
If leaking gases are inhaled, move to fresh air, monitor
breathing and blood circulation, take appropriate first
aid actions if necessary, then immediately seek
medical attention.
In case of fire/explosion/smoke, water in large
quantities can be used as an effective fire suppression
agent. Once the fire has been extinguished, the
Battery Unit needs to be monitored for an extended
period of time (24 hours) due to the risk of the fire
reigniting.
4.3 Receiving the Shipment
To avoid injuries to the personnel unpacking and installing
the battery, it is important to remember that the battery is
heavy and could require two persons to lift and install. To
avoid damages to the battery during unpacking and lifting,
it is important to handle the battery with care when lifting
and installing the battery. Protect the surfaces of the
battery to avoid scratches from sharp tools and other
objects.
Note: Handle the battery with care. The edges and corners
must not be knocked against hard surfaces. Do not use
sharp tools when removing the packaging.
Follow these instructions when unpacking the battery:
1. Examine the packaging for damage. If it has been
damaged, immediately register a complaint with the
transportation company.
2. Check that the items delivered correspond to the
packing list.
Item no.
Name
Quantity
1
Battery Unit
1
2
Mounting brackets
2
3
M4 screws
12
4
Cage nuts
4
5
M6 screws
4
3. Unpack the battery.
Leave the final unpacking of each unit until it is required
during the installation. This will help to avoid losing or
misplacing smaller items such as sets of parts supplied with
the units.
Recycle all waste materials that can be recycled and sort
waste so that it can be disposed of according to local
regulations.
4.4 Commissioning
Warning!
Improper handling of batteries can cause
them to short-circuit, which can result in
serious injury due to high energy levels.
Exercise the necessary care when working
with batteries. Remove any items that can
cause short circuits, such as, rings and
bracelets.
Warning!
High energy levels are present in this unit.
Improper handling of the unit can lead to
short circuits that can result in serious injury.
Exercise care when working with this unit.

10
Warning!
Batteries can leak electrolytes if mishandled.
Electrolytes in contact with skin or eyes
can cause injury. In the event of an
electrolyte-induced injury, rinse the affected
area with water and immediately seek
medical attention. Use protective equipment
when replacing batteries.
Always use these installation instructions.
How to connect RS485 (single unit to upper host and
parallel units to upper host) and RS232 to PC
Parallel connection DIP switch description
Interface description (power connections and dry
contact alarms)
Torques to be used during assembly:
Dimension
Torque
Note
M4
2 Nm
Mounting brackets
M6
6 Nm
Grounding points, cage nuts
M8
8 Nm
Battery cables
Cables:
The allowed cable dimensions are:
Min. 35mm2
Max. 50mm2 (recommended)
In order to determine proper dimensioning of the power
cables, consideration must be made in regards to type and
length of cable, charging settings, environmental
conditions, physical installation etc.
Installation:
Do as follows to install the battery unit in a standard 19”
rack:
1
Make sure
the CB is
turned off
before
starting the
installation
of the
batteries
2
Mount the
brackets
with 6 M4
screws on
each side of
the battery
unit.
3
Prepare the
19” rack
with cage
nuts. See
picture for
hole pattern
on the
battery unit.
4
NOTE: The battery unit is heavy and will need extra support
in the 19” rack.
5
Lift the
battery unit
in place and
fasten it
with 4 pcs
of M6
screws (2 on
each side).
6
Tighten the
screws.See
table above
for torques.
Circuit breaker

11
7
NOTE: If more than one (1) battery unit shall be installed in a
19” rack, leave a minimum of ½ U space (approximately
22mm) between the units for safety reasons.
If more than one (1) battery unit is installed in parallell
(maximum 10 in parallell is allowed) the maximum allowed
voltage difference between the units is 2V.
8
Connect the
cables.
9
Start with
connecting
the
grounding
cable
according to
picture
using M6
screws.
See table
above for
torques.
Note that
the cable
can be
connected
in two
directions.
Alternative
direction is
marked with
dashed
lines.
10
Connect the
battery
cables.
Use cables
dimensions
and lengths
according to
information
above.
Cables shall
be fitted
with a M8
cable lug.
The
connection
shall be in
the order as
in the
picture.
Cables can
be
connected
going
downwards
or upwards.
Tighten the
screws using
table above
for torques.
11
Connect the
communica-
tion cable to
upper host
at on of the
RS485 ports.
The second
port is used
to connect
batteries in
parallel.
12
Optional
Connect the
PC to the
RS232 or RS
485 port.
13
Start-up
Set circuit
breaker in
the ON
position.
Do as follows to install the battery unit on a shelf:
1
Make sure
the CB is
turned off
before
starting the
installing of
the
batteries
2
Lift the
battery unit
in place.
RS485 ports
RS232 ports
Circuit breaker
Circuit breaker

12
3
Secure the battery on the shelf if it is needed and possible.
4
NOTE: When batteries are mounted on a shelf no stacking is
allowed.
5
Connect the
cables
according to
item 9-12
above.
6
Start-up
Set circuit
breaker in
the ON
position.
4.4.1 Allowed installation directions of the battery
4.4.2 ADD switch
The ADD switch is used to control the address in the BMS.
It is not recommended to use more than 10 batteries in
parallel.
1
2
3
4
Address
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
5
0
1
1
0
6
1
1
1
0
7
0
0
0
1
8
1
0
0
1
9
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
0
1
11
0
0
1
1
12
1
0
1
1
13
0
1
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
15
4.5 Led Indicators and Alarms
The Battery Unit is equipped with six (6) LED indicators
positioned on the front panel which indicate the status of
the system, as described by the table below. See section 2.4
Determining State-of-Charge, for introduction to the
capacity indicators.
Battery Unit Mode
Normal/Alarm/Protection/
Failure
ALM
RUN
Capacity
O
O
O
O
O
O
Shutdown/Sleep
OFF
OFF
ALL OFF
Standby
Normal
OFF
Flash
1
Capacity display
Protection
Flash
2
Alarm
Flash
3
Failure
ON
OFF
ALL OFF
Charge
Normal
OFF
Flash
2
Capacity display
Protection
Flash
2
Alarm
Flash
3
Failure
ON
OFF
ALL OFF
Discharge
Normal
OFF
ON
Capacity display
Protection
Flash
2
Alarm
Flash
3
Failure
ON
OFF
ALL OFF
Flash mode
ON
OFF
Flash 1
0.25 s
3.75 s
Flash 2
0.5 s
0.5 s
Flash 3
0.5 s
1.5 s
4.5.1 Faults
If the battery malfunctions the red ALM light will be flashing,
see above.
Check that the battery is connected in a correct
manner.
Press the reset button to see if the problem is solved
If it is not resolved, contact the manufacturer.
Circuit breaker

13
Note: DO NOT open the battery box.
If batteries are connected in parallel and one needs to be
replaced; please ensure that the voltage difference of the
batteries are less than 2V. If the voltage difference is
higher the battery with the higher voltage will charge the
one with lower voltage with a high current causing the
overcurrent protection being activated.
4.5 RS 485
The configuration of the RS485 is as follows.
Pin no.
Function
1
RS485 A
2
RS485 B
3-7
NC
8
GND
5 Maintenance
No specific maintenance of the Battery Unit is required.
Examine your electrical installation on a regular base, at
least once a year. Defects such as loose connections, burnt
wiring etc. must be corrected immediately. Keep the
battery clean and dry to avoid leakage currents. If
necessary, use a soft clean cloth to clean casing of the
lithium-ion battery. Never use any liquids, acids and/or
scourers.
6 Transport
The Battery Unit is categorized as Class 9 dangerous goods,
UN3480, batteries not contained in or packed with
equipment. Transport by road, sea or air is regulated
according the latest editions of the ADR, IMDG code and
IATA DGR, respectively.
For air transport, a special approval by the appropriate
authority of the State of origin is required for batteries
weighing more than 35 kg, in accordance with IATA DGR,
Special Provision A99. A copy of the document of approval
must accompany the consignment.
LITE Battery Units are tested and certified according to UN
38.3 as required by the above mentioned transport
regulations.
For transportation from warehouse to site the battery unit
shall be in its original packaging.
Before returning any Battery Units to Northstar, contact the
nearest service center for further instructions.
6.1 Disposal or Recycling of Battery Units
Transport regulations for disposal or recycling of Battery
Units is only applicable for units that are still fully functional
but have reached EOL. If the Battery Unit is damaged or
defective, see section 6.2
Transport of batteries for disposal or recycling is prohibited
from air transport unless approved by authority in State of
origin and State of the operator in accordance with IATA
DGR, Packing Instruction 965.
For road or sea transport, packages shall be marked
“LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR DISPOSAL” or “LITHIUM-
ION BATTERIES FOR RECYCLING” and shall be packed in
accordance with packing instruction P909 of the ADR or
IMDG code, Special Provision 377.
6.2 Damaged/Defective Battery Units
Damaged/defective batteries are only permitted by road or
sea transport. Damaged/defective Battery Units may
include, but are not limited to:
Battery Units identified as being defective for safety reasons;
Battery Units with cells that have leaked or vented;
Non-functioning Battery Units that cannot be diagnosed
prior to carriage; or
Battery Units that have sustained physical or mechanical
damage.
For road or sea transport packages shall be marked
“DAMAGED/DEFECTIVE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES” and shall
be packed in accordance with packing instruction P908 or
LP904, as applicable, of the ADR or IMDG code, Special
Provision 376.
7 Technical Specifications
For detailed technical specification, please refer to the
product datasheets at www.northstarbattery.com

14
8 Contacts
NorthStar Americas
NorthStar Battery Company LLC
4000 Continental Way
Springfield, MO, 65803.
United States of America
[e-mail]
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NorthStar Europe
SiteTel Sweden AB
Haukadalsgatan 8 A
SE-164 40 Kista
Stockholm, Sweden
[e-mail]
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NorthStar Middle East. Africa
NorthStar Battery DMCC
Office 702, Saba 1 Tower
Jumeirah Lake Towers, Dubai
United Arab Emirates
[e-mail]
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NorthStar China
Northstar Group
Unit 513, 207 North Wulumuqi Road,
Shanghai 200040, China
[e-mail]
Tel: [phone]